Physiology of a microgravity environment invited review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 823-839

  Fitts, Robert H ^a   Riley, Danny R ^b   Widrick, Jeffrey J ^c  

^a MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^c OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Contractile properties; Countermeasures; Muscle atrophy; Spaceflight

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; CELL PROTEIN; CONTRACTILE PROTEIN; MYOSIN;

ACTIN FILAMENT; EXERCISE; HUMAN; LIPID OXIDATION; MICROGRAVITY; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MYOFILAMENT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEPLETION; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPACE FLIGHT;

EID: 0033883216     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.823     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Maximal power and EMG of lower limbs after 21 days spaceflight in one astronaut
2. Effects of microgravity on maximal power of lower limbs during very short efforts in humans
3. α-Actin and cytochrome c mRNA in atrophied adult rat skeletal muscle
4. Effect of zero gravity on myofibril content and isomyosin distribution in rodent skeletal muscle
5. Substrate oxidation capacity in rodent skeletal muscle: Effects of exposure to zero gravity
6. Resistance exercise counter-measures for space flight: Implications of training specificity
7. Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia and myosin isoform distribution
8. Resistance exercise prevents plantar flexor deconditioning during bed rest
9. Effect of intermittent weight bearing on soleus fiber force-velocity-power and force-pCa relationships
10. Altered distribution of mitochondria in rat soleus muscle fibers after spaceflight
11. Effect of spaceflight on skeletal muscle: Mechanical properties and myosin isoform content of a slow muscle
12. Microgravity-induced transformations of myosin isoforms and contractile properties of skeletal muscle
13. Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is fiber-type specific and increases during hindlimb unloading
14. Effects of microgravity and tail suspension on enzymes of individual soleus and tibialis anterior fibers
15. Physiological adaptations to weightlessness: Effects on exercise and work performance
16. Overexpression of IGF-I in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice does not prevent unloading-induced atrophy
17. Nerve-responsive troponin I slow promoter does not respond to unloading
18. Intermittent acceleration as a countermeasure to soleus muscle atrophy
19. Structural and functional adaptations of skeletal muscle to weightlessness
20. Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos 1667
21. Neuromuscular adaptations to actual and simulated spaceflight
22. Human fiber size and enzymatic properties after 5 and 11 days of spaceflight
23. Characterization of human skeletal muscle fibres according to the myosin heavy chains they express
24. Changes in contractile protein mRNA accumulation in response to spaceflight
25. Survey of studies on how spaceflight affects rodent skeletal muscle
26. Prolonged bed rest decreases skeletal muscle and whole body protein synthesis
27. Substrate supply and energy metabolism during brief high intensity exercise: Importance in limiting performance
28. Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue
29. Spaceflight effects on single skeletal muscle fiber function in the rhesus monkey
30. Models of disuse: A comparison of hindlimb suspension and immobilization
31. Muscle mechanics: Adaptations with exercise-training
32. Regulation of contraction in striated muscle
33. Changes in mechanical properties of human muscle as a result of spaceflight
34. Isokinetic strength and endurance during 30-day 6°head-down bed rest with isotonic and isokinetic exercise training
35. Exercise-training protocols for astronauts in microgravity
36. Substrate profile in rat soleus muscle fibers after hindlimb unloading and fatigue
37. Effect on weightlessness and hypokinesia on velocity and strength properties of human muscles
38. Interactive effects of growth hormone and exercise on muscle mass in suspended rats
39. Myosin heavy chain expression in rodent skeletal muscle: Effects of exposure to zero gravity
40. Periodic weight support effects on rat soleus fibers after hindlimb suspension
41. Elevated interstitial fluid volume in soleus muscles unweighted by spaceflight or suspension
42. Influence of one-week hindlimb suspension and intermittent high load exercise on rat muscles
43. Effects of short spaceflights on mechanical characteristics of rat muscles
44. Space flight effects on the skeletal muscles of rats
45. Hindlimb unweighting decreases ecNOS gene expression and endothelium-dependent dilation in rat soleus feed arteries
46. Muscle structure and function
47. Adaptation of fibers in fast-twitch muscles of rats to spaceflight and hindlimb suspension
48. Absence of a growth hormone effect on rat soleus atrophy during a 4-day spaceflight
49. Atrophic response of rat soleus fibers subjected to a 4-day spaceflight
50. Regulation of skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor gene expression by biomechanical unloading
51. PGAM-M expression is regulated pretranslationally in hindlimb muscles and under altered loading conditions
52. Eccentric exercise training as a countermeasure to non-weight-bearing soleus muscle atrophy
53. Soleus muscle nascent polypeptide chain elongation slows protein synthesis rate during non-weight-bearing activity
54. Decreased polysomal HSP-70 may slow polypeptide elongation during skeletal muscle atrophy
55. Regional muscle loss after short duration spaceflight
56. Regional changes in muscle mass following 17 weeks of bed rest
57. Effect of microgravity on metabolic enzymes of individual muscle fibers
58. Influence of spaceflight on rat skeletal muscle
59. [t]β-MHC transgene expression in suspended and mechanically overloaded/suspended soleus muscle of transgenic mice
60. Segregated regulatory elements direct β-myosin heavy chain expression in response to altered muscle activity
61. Fatigability and blood flow in the rat gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus after hind-limb unweighting
62. Shortening velocity in skinned single muscle fibers. Influence of filament lattice spacing
63. Metabolic and morphologic properties of single fibers in the rat after spaceflight, Cosmos 1887
64. Skeletal muscle atrophy in response to 14 days of weightlessness: Vastus medialis
65. Changes in electrically evoked skeletal muscle contractions during 17-day spaceflight and bed rest
66. Gravity-dependent variability of physiological properties of mammalian skeletal muscle
67. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation of skeletal muscles of mammals to the weightless state
68. Rat soleus muscle fiber responses to 14 days of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension
69. 2+-ATPase 1 gene in muscle
70. Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical properties
71. Metabolic effects of spaceflight
72. LDH isoenzymes of skeletal muscles of rats after space flight and hypokinesia
73. Effect of weightlessness on the function of rat skeletal muscles on the biosatellite 'Cosmos-1129'
74. Effect of spaceflight on rhesus quadrupedal locomotion after return to 1G
75. Is skeletal muscle ready for long-term spaceflight and return to gravity?
76. Decreased thin filament density and length in human atrophic soleus muscle fibers after spaceflight
77. Muscle sarcomere lesions and thrombosis after spaceflight and suspension unloading
78. Hypogravity-induced atrophy of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles
79. In-flight and postflight changes in skeletal muscles of SLS-1 and SLS-2 spaceflown rats
80. Skeletal muscle fiber, nerve, and blood vessel breakdown in space-flown rats
81. Review of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension unloading induced sarcomere damage and repair
82. Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump gene expression by hind-limb unweighting
83. Type IIx myosin heavy chain transcripts are expressed in type IIb fibers of human skeletal muscle
84. Spaceflight effects on adult rat muscle protein, nucleic acids, and amino acids
85. Nutrition and muscle loss in humans during space-flight
86. Protein kinetics during and after long-duration spaceflight on MIR
87. Energy expenditure and balance during spaceflight on the space shuttle
88. Endocrine relationships during human spaceflight
89. 2+ movements in sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat soleus fibers after hindlimb suspension
90. Functional adaptation of different rat skeletal muscles to weightlessness
91. In vivo analysis of the myosin heavy chain IIB region
92. Protein metabolism and β-myosin heavy-chain mRNA in unweighted soleus muscle
93. Altered actin and myosin expression in muscle during exposure to microgravity
94. Spaceflight on STS-48 and earth-based unweighting produce similar effects on skeletal muscle of young rats
95. Slow skeletal troponin I gene transfer, expression, and myofilament incorporation enhances adult cardiac myocyte contractile function
96. Soleus fiber force and maximal shortening velocity after non-weight bearing with intermittent activity
97. Peak force and maximal shortening velocity of soleus fibers after non-weight-bearing and resistance exercise
98. Effect of a 17 day spaceflight on contractile properties of human soleus muscle fibres
99. Effect of 17 days of bed rest on peak isometric force and unloaded shortening velocity of human soleus fibers
100. Muscle malonyl-CoA decreases during exercise
101. Changes in calf muscle performance, energy metabolism, and muscle volume caused by long term stay on space station MIR
102. Myosin heavy chain isoforms of human muscle after short-term spaceflight