Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in axenic sand culture systems containing smooth bromegrass

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2000, Pages 2038-2046

  Sun, Wen Hao ^a   Horst, Garald L ^b   Drijber, Rhae A ^b   Elthon, Thomas E ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA   (United States)

Author keywords

2,4,6 trinitrotoluene; 2 amino 4,6 dinitrotoluene; 4 amino 2,6 dini trotoluene; Phytoremediation; Transformation

Indexed keywords

TRINITROTOLUENE;

ARTICLE; GRASS; PLANT GROWTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOCHROMATOGRAPHY; SAND; SOIL TREATMENT;

BROMUS INERMIS; BROMUS SECALINUS;

EID: 0033873934     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620190812     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Williams RT, Ziegenfuss PS, Marks PJ. 1988. Field demonstration - Composting of explosives-contaminated sediments at the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant. AMXTH-IR-TE 88242. Final/Technical Report. Roy F. Weslon, West Chester, PA, USA.
2. Smock LA, Stoneburner DL, Clark JR. 1976. The toxic effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its primary degradation products on two species of algae and fathead minnow. Water Res 10:537-543.
3. Schott CD, Worthley EG. 1974. The toxicity of TNT and related wastes to an aquatic flowering plant: Lemna perpusilla Torr. E8-TR-74016. Final/Technical Report. Edgewood Arsenal, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
4. Palazzo AJ, Leggett DC. 1986. Effect and disposition of TNT in a terrestrial plant. J Environ Qual 15:49-52.
5. Peterson MM, Horst GL, Shea PJ, Comfort SD, Peterson RKD. 1996. TNT and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene influence on germination and early seedling development of tall fescue. Environ Pollut 93:57-62.
6. Lemberg R, Callaghan JP. 1944. Metabolism of symmetrical trinitrotoluene. Nature 154:768-769.
7. Djerassi LS, Vitany L. 1975. Haemolytic episode in G6-PD deficient workers exposed to TNT. Br J Ind Med 32:54-58.
8. Hathaway JA. 1977. Trinitrotoluene: A review of reported dose-related effects providing documentation for a workplace standard. J Occup Med 19:341-345.
9. Kaplan DL, Kaplan AM. 1982. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene-surfactant complexes: Decomposition, mutagenieity, and soil leaching studies. Environ Sci Technol 16:566-571.
10. Traxler RW, Wood E, Delaney JM. 1974. Bacterial degradation of α-TNT. Dev Ind Microbiol 16:71-76.
11. Won WD, DiSalvo LH, James NG. 1976. Toxicity and mutagenicity of 2,4,6-trinilrotoluene and its microbial metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 31:576-580.
12. Cunningham SD, Ow DW. 1996. Promises and prospects of phytoremediation. Plant Physiol 110:715-719.
13. Schnoor JL, Licht LA, McCutcheon SC, Wolfe NL, Carreira LH. 1995. Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants. Envintn Sci Technol 29:318-323.
14. Anderson TA, Guthrie EA, Walton BT. 1993. Bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 27:2630-2636.
15. Harvey SD, Fellows RJ, Cataldo DA, Bean RM. 1990. Analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrololuene and its transformation products in soils and plant tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 518:361-374.
16. Mueller WF, Bedell GW, Baker B, Shojaee S, Jackson PJ. 1993. Bioremediation of TNT wastes by higher plants. Proceedings, WERC Technology Development Conference, Las Cruces, NM, USA, April 22-23, pp 192-202.
17. Scheidemann P, Klunk A, Sens C, Werner D. 1998. Species dependent uptake and tolerance of nitroaromatic compounds by higher plants. J Plant Physiol 152:242-274.
18. Schneider K, Oltmanns J, Radenberg T, Schneider T, Pauly-Mundegar D. 1996. Uptake of nitroaromatic compounds in plants: Implications for risk assessment of ammunition sites. Environ Sci Pollut Res 3:135-138.
19. Görge E, Brandt S, Werner D. 1994. Uptake and metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in higher plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 1: 229-233.
20. Thompson PL, Ramer LA, Schnoor JL. 1998. Uptake and transformation of TNT by hybrid poplar trees. Environ Sci Technol 32:975-980.
21. Wolfe NL, Ou TY, Gunnison D. 1994. Biochemical remediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). IRRP-94-3. Technical Report. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
22. Young DG. 1995. The biochemical remediation of a TNT contaminated soil. PhD thesis. University of Auburn, Auburn, AL, USA.
23. Qaisi KM, Thibodeaux LJ, Adrian DA. 1996. Aquatic plant augmented TNT degradation-analysis of reaction kinetics. J Environ Sci Health A 31:1595-1603.
24. Voudrias EA, Assaf KS. 1996. Theoretical evaluation of dissolution and biochemical reduction of TNT for phytoremedialion of contaminated sediments. J Contain Hydrol 23:245-261.
25. Hughes JB, Shanks J, Vanderford M, Lauritzen J, Bhadra R. 1997. Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures. Environ Sci Technol 31:266-271.
26. Bhadra R, Wayment DG, Hughes JB, Shanks JV. 1999. Confirmation of conjugation processes during TNT metabolism by axenic plant roots. Environ Sci Technol 33:446-452.
27. Peterson MM, Horst GL, Shea PJ, Comfort SD. 1998. Germination and seedling development of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Environ Pollut 99: 53-59.
28. Epstein E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
29. Ferro AM, Sims RC, Bugbee B. 1994. Hycrest crested wheatgrass accelerates the degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil. J Environ Qual 23:272-279.
30. Huckins JN, Petty JD, Heitkamp MA. 1984. Modular containers for microcosm and process model studies on the fate and effects of aquatic contaminants. Chemosphere 12:1329-1341.
31. Comfort SD, Shea PJ, Hundal LS, Li Z, Woodbury BL, Martin JL, Powers WL. 1996. TNT transport and fate in contaminated soil. J Environ Qual 24:1174-1182.
32. Knoche HW. 1991. Radioisotopic Methods for Biolodeal and Medical Research. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.
33. Shimp JF, Tracy JC, Davis LC, Lee E, Huang W, Erickson LE, Schnoor JL. 1993. Benefical effects of plants in the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic materials. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 23:41-77.
34. Boopathy R, Kulpa CF, Wilson KM. 1993. Metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Desulfovibrio sp. (B strain). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 39:270-275.
35. Boopathy R, Manning JF. 1996. Characterization of partial anaerobic metabolic pathway for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation by a sulfate-reducing bacterial consortium. Can J Microbiol 42: 1203-1208.
36. Haïdour A, Ramos JL. 1996. Identification of products resulting from the biological reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrololuene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas sp. Environ Sci Technol 30:2365-2370.
37. Alvarez MA, Kitts CL, Botsford JL, Unkerer PJ. 1995. Pseduomonas aeruginosa strain MA01 aerobically metabolize the aminodinitrotoluenes produced by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene nitro group reaction. Can J Microbiol 41:984-991.
38. Pasti-Grigsby MB, Lewis TA, Crawford DL, Crawford RL. 1996. Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by actinomycetes isolated from TNT-contaminated and uncontaminated environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1120-1123.