The effects of breastfeeding on health and the demand for medical assistance among children in Brazil

Economic Development and Cultural Change

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 719-736

  Senauer, Benjamin ^a,d   Kassouf, Ana L ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^d WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREASTFEEDING; CHILD HEALTH; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH STATUS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS;

BRAZIL;

EID: 0033817331     PISSN: 00130079     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/452474     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
2. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
3. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
4. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
5. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
6. D. Jelliffe and E. F. P. Jelliffe, Human Milk in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); Alan Berg, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1973); "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant Feeding Practice and Infant Health: Executive Summary," Pediatrics 74, no. 4, pt. 2 (1984): 579-83; Kathryn Dewey, Jane Heinig, and Laurie Nommsen-Rivers, "Differences in Morbidity between Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants," Journal of Pediatrics 126, no. 5, pt. 1 (1995): 696-702; and Allan S. Cunningham and Derrick B. Jelliffe, "Breast-Feeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiologic Review," Pediatrics 118 (May 1991): 659-65, to cite just a few of the many references. Specifically for Brazil, see C. G. Victora, P. G. Smith, J. P. Vaughan, L. C. Nobre, C. Lombardi, A. M. Teixeira, S. M. Fuchs, L. B. Moreira, L. P. Gigante, and F. C. Barros, "Evidence for the Protection by Breastfeeding against Infant Deaths from Infectious Diseases in Brazil," Lancet 2 (August 8, 1987), pp. 319-22.
7. World Health Organization, Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Scientific Knowledge (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998), and "Nutrition: Information and Attitudes among Health Personnel about Early Infant-Feeding Practices," April 1995, Geneva (first published in Weekly Epidemiological Record 70, no. 17 [1995], pp. 117-20).
8. World Health Organization, Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Scientific Knowledge (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998), and "Nutrition: Information and Attitudes among Health Personnel about Early Infant-Feeding Practices," April 1995, Geneva (first published in Weekly Epidemiological Record 70, no. 17 [1995], pp. 117-20).
9. Gary Becker, "A Theory of the Allocation of Time," Economic Journal 7 (September 1965): 493-517.
10. Cebu Study Team, "A Child Health Production Function Estimated from Longitudinal Data," Journal of Development Economics 38 (1992): 323-51; Albino Barrera, "The Interactive Effects of Mother's Schooling and Unsupplemented Breastfeeding on Child Health," Journal of Development Economics 34 (1991): 81-98 .
11. Cebu Study Team, "A Child Health Production Function Estimated from Longitudinal Data," Journal of Development Economics 38 (1992): 323-51; Albino Barrera, "The Interactive Effects of Mother's Schooling and Unsupplemented Breastfeeding on Child Health," Journal of Development Economics 34 (1991): 81-98 .
12. Jere Behrman and Anil Deolalikar, "Health and Nutrition" (in Handbook of Development Economics, ed. Hollis Chenery and T. N. Srinivasan, 3 vols. [New York: North Holland, 1988], 1:631-711), provides an excellent review.
13. Cebu Study Team; and Barrera.
14. William H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, 3d ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1993), pp. 871-905.
15. Cebu Study Team; and Barrera.
16. Behrman and Deolalikar.
17. World Health Organization Working Group, "Use and Interpretation of Anthropometric Indicators of Nutritional Status," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 64 (1986): 929-41. Also J. C. Waterlow, "The Presentation and Use of Height and Weight Data for Comparing the Nutritional Status of Groups of Children under the Age of 10 Years," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 55 (1977): 489-98.
18. World Health Organization Working Group, "Use and Interpretation of Anthropometric Indicators of Nutritional Status," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 64 (1986): 929-41. Also J. C. Waterlow, "The Presentation and Use of Height and Weight Data for Comparing the Nutritional Status of Groups of Children under the Age of 10 Years," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 55 (1977): 489-98.
19. Ana L. Kassouf and Benjamin Senauer, "Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Education on Malnutrition among Children in Brazil: A Full Income Approach," Economic Development and Cultural Change 44, no. 4 (July 1996): 817-38; Duncan Thomas, John Strauss, and Maria-Helena Henriques, "How Does Mother's Education Affect Child Height?" Journal of Human Resources 26 (1991): 181-211; Jere Behrman and Barbara Wolfe, "How Does Mother's Schooling Affect Family Health, Nutrition, Medical Care Usage, and Household Sanitation?" Journal of Econometrics 36 (1987): 185-204.
20. Ana L. Kassouf and Benjamin Senauer, "Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Education on Malnutrition among Children in Brazil: A Full Income Approach," Economic Development and Cultural Change 44, no. 4 (July 1996): 817-38; Duncan Thomas, John Strauss, and Maria-Helena Henriques, "How Does Mother's Education Affect Child Height?" Journal of Human Resources 26 (1991): 181-211; Jere Behrman and Barbara Wolfe, "How Does Mother's Schooling Affect Family Health, Nutrition, Medical Care Usage, and Household Sanitation?" Journal of Econometrics 36 (1987): 185-204.
21. Ana L. Kassouf and Benjamin Senauer, "Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Education on Malnutrition among Children in Brazil: A Full Income Approach," Economic Development and Cultural Change 44, no. 4 (July 1996): 817-38; Duncan Thomas, John Strauss, and Maria-Helena Henriques, "How Does Mother's Education Affect Child Height?" Journal of Human Resources 26 (1991): 181-211; Jere Behrman and Barbara Wolfe, "How Does Mother's Schooling Affect Family Health, Nutrition, Medical Care Usage, and Household Sanitation?" Journal of Econometrics 36 (1987): 185-204.
22. Kassouf and Senauer.
23. Angus Deaton, The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconomic Approach to Development Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977), pp. 65-66.
24. Kassouf and Senauer.
25. Barrera (n. 4 above); and Cebu Study Team (n. 4 above).
26. William H. Greene, LIMDEP, version 7.0 (Plainview, N.Y.: Econometric Software, Inc., 1994).
27. Greene, Econometric Analysis (n. 7 above), pp. 876-79.
28. Ibid., p. 878.
29. Ibid.
30. This analysis does not address the possible transmission of HIV/AIDS through breastfeeding. See Michael Spencer, "Breast-Feeding and HIV: Weighing the Health Risks," New York Times (August 19, 1998), final ed., pp. Al and A12.