Foreign firms and local merchants in nineteenth-century Iran

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 137-155

  Seyf, Ahmad ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPITALISM; ECONOMIC HISTORY; NINETEENTH CENTURY; TRADE PERFORMANCE;

IRAN;

EID: 0033708662     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263200008701336     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. See A. Seyf, Iqtesad-e Iran dar Gharn-e Noozdahom (Tehran: Nashr Cheshmeh, 1995); A. Seyf, 'Obstacles to the Development of Capitalism: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.34, No.3 (July 1998); A. Seyf, 'International Trade and Surplus Transfer: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.31, No.2 (April 1995).
2. See A. Seyf, Iqtesad-e Iran dar Gharn-e Noozdahom (Tehran: Nashr Cheshmeh, 1995); A. Seyf, 'Obstacles to the Development of Capitalism: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.34, No.3 (July 1998); A. Seyf, 'International Trade and Surplus Transfer: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.31, No.2 (April 1995).
3. See A. Seyf, Iqtesad-e Iran dar Gharn-e Noozdahom (Tehran: Nashr Cheshmeh, 1995); A. Seyf, 'Obstacles to the Development of Capitalism: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.34, No.3 (July 1998); A. Seyf, 'International Trade and Surplus Transfer: Iran in the Nineteenth Century', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.31, No.2 (April 1995).
4. For further details see, A. Seyf, 'Technical Changes in Iranian Agriculture, 1800-1900', in Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.20, No.4 (Oct. 1984).
5. For further details see my book: An Eltological Investigation of Historical Failures in Iran (Tehran: Nashr Abi. forthcoming).
6. Abbott to Thomson, despatch 31 March 1855, in FO 60-205.
7. Eastwick: Consular Reports [hereafter CR], 'Persia', in Parliamentary Accounts and Papers [hereafter PAP], 1862, Vol.58 (not paginated).
8. P.M. Sykesm, A History of Persia (London, 1915), Vol.1, pp.13-14.
9. R. Ra'isnia and A. Nahid, Dou Mobarez-e Jonbesh-e Mashruteh (Tehran, 1971). p.75.
10. A. Soltanzadeh, Selected Writings (Florence, 1975), p.99.
11. Z. Maraghe'e, Siyahatnameh-ye Ibrahim Beg (Tehran, 1974), new edition, p.25.
12. M.L. Enter, Russo-Persian Commercial Relations, 1829-1914 (Florida, 1965), p.60.
13. Quoted from C. Issawi, The Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914 (Chicago, 1971 ), p.108.
14. Some years later, there was a similar dispute in Isfahan between foreign firms, Hodz & Sons, and the local inhabitants. The underlying reason for the dispute was different - the death of two Iranians who worked for the firm. Had it not been for the intervention by the local religious leaders, it could have developed into a more serious dispute. It is, however, suggested that the local religious leaders intervened to calm down the situation to avoid a possible military intervention by foreign powers (namely the British) (p.138). For further details see, Tarikh-e Mo'aser-e Iran [Contemporary History of Iran ], Vol. 1, No.1, pp.135-60 (Spring 1997), Tehran.
15. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabreez', in PAP 1865, Vol.54 (not paginated).
16. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabreez', in PAP 1861, Vol.63 (not paginated).
17. Ibid.
18. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabreez', in PAP 1864, Vol.61 (not paginated).
19. See A. Seyf, Iqtesad-e Iran dar Gharn Noozdahom (Tehran: Nashr Cheshmeh, 1995). especially Ch.9: 'Famine in Iran'.
20. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabreez', in PAP 1864. Vol.61 (not paginated).
21. Despatch dated 20 Feb. 1865, in FO 60-292 (not paginated).
22. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabreez', in PAP 1865, Vol.64 (not paginated).
23. The younger brother of K.E. Abbott.
24. Despatch dated 20 Feb. 1865, in FO 60- 292 (not paginated).
25. Despatch dated 11 Aug. 1984. It was signed by six Persian merchants, and Mr. Michoglu, dated, Tabriz 7 Rabi-ol Oala 1281 (11 Aug. 1864).
26. Despatch dated 28 Feb. 1865, in FO 60-292.
27. Abbott to Lord Russell, 31 March 1865, in FO 60-292.
28. Abbott to Alison, 28 April 1865, in FO 60-292
29. Abbott to Lord Russell, 11 May 1865, in FO 60-292.
30. Abbott to Alison, 1 July 1865, in FO 60-292, see also his despatch of 5 May 1865.
31. Abbott to Alison, 5 Oct. 1865, in FO 60-292.
32. Abbott is referring to these clauses in the Treaty of 1857: Article ix4 of the treaty between England and Persia signed in Paris in March 1857: That the treatment of their respective subjects and their trade shall also in every respect be placed on the footing of the subject and commerce of the most favoured nation. From the treaty of Torkamanchai between Russia and Persia signed in 10 Feb. 1828, article vii: Disputes occurring between Russian and Persian subject are to be represented and referred to the court of religious law or the court of equity of the place - but they are not to be investigated or decided on excepting in the presence of the interpreter of the representative or consul. From article xviii of the commercial regulations agreed to between England and Persia and confirmed by a firman of Mohammad Shah dated Jamadi ol Avval 1260 (1844): 'Again between the affairs of the merchants of the resplendent government of England shall be referred to the Deevan Khanen, it is necessary that the decision take place in the presence of one of the officers of the mission or consulate'.
33. Abbott to Russell, 7 June 1865, in FO 60-292.
34. Abbott to Russell, 7 June 1865, in FO 60-292.
35. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabriz', in PAP 1866, Vol.70 (not paginated).
36. K.E. Abbott: CR 'Tabriz', in PAP 1865, Vol.54 (not paginated).