Role of infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: Past, present and future

Indian Heart Journal

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 79-85

  Sinha, Nakul ^a   Garg, Naveen ^a  

^a SANJAY GANDHI POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIRD DISEASE; CHICKEN; CHLAMYDIASIS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION BODY DISEASE; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HERPES VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUAIL; RABBIT; RAT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; CHICKENS; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CORONARY DISEASE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFECTION; MAREK DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; QUAIL; RABBITS; RATS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0033644319     PISSN: 00194832     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Osler W. Diseases of arteries. In: Modern Medicine: Its practice and therapy. Osler W, ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1908; p 429-447
2. Fabricant CG, Fabricant J, Litrenta MM, Minick CR. Virus induced atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 1978; 148: 335-340
3. Mammi MVI, Pavitharan K, Abdurahiman P, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in North Kerala. Indian Heart J 1991; 43: 93-96
4. Enas EA, Dhawan J, Petkar S. Coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: Lessons learnt and the role of lipoprotein(a). Indian Heart J 1996; 49: 25-34
5. Pais P, Pogue J, Gerstein H , et al. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Indians: A case control study. Lancet 1996; 348: 358-363
6. Melnick JL, Adam E, DeBakey ME. Cytomegalovirus and atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 1993; 14: 30-38
7. Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Bornes R, Chambless LE, Szklo M, Alzola C. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: Associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 250-256
8. Grattan MT, Moreno-Cabrel CE, Starnes VA, Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Shunway NE. Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with cardiac allograft rejection and atherosclerosis. JAMA 1989; 261: 2561-2566
9. Loebe M, Schuler S, Zais O, Warnecke H, Fleck E, Hetzer R. Role of cytomegalovirus infection in the development of coronary artery disease in the transplant heart. J Heart Transplant 1990: 9: 707-711
10. Galloway DA, Mc Dougall JK. The oncogenic potential of herpes simplex virus: Evidence for a "hit-and-run" mechanism. Nature 1983; 302: 21-24
11. Benditt EP, Barrett T, Mc Dougall JK. Viruses in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 6386-6389
12. Hendrix MG, Salimans MM, van Boven CP, Bruggeman CA. High prevalence of latently present cytomegalovirus in arterial walls of patients suffering from grade three atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1990; 136: 23-28
13. Chiu B, Viira E, Tucker W, Fong IW. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus in atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries. Circulation 1997; 96: 2144-2148
14. Minick CR, Fabricant CG, Fabricant J, Litrenta MM. Atherosclerosis induced by infection with a herpes virus. Am J Pathol 1979; 96: 673-706
15. Pprzak R, Shih JC. Detection of specific DNA segments of Marek's disease virus in Japanese quail susceptible to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1987; 68: 77-85
16. Llemstrom K, Korkinen P, Krogerus L, Daemen M, Bruggeman C, Hayry P. Cytomegalovirus antigen expression, endothelial cell proliferation, and intimai thickening in rat cardiac allografts after cytomegalovirus infection. Circulation 1995; 92: 2594-2602
17. Saikku P. The epidemiology and significance of Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Infect 1992; 1: 27-34
18. Saikku P, Leinonen M, Mattila K, et al. Serological evidence of an association of a novel chlamydiae, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988; 2: 983-986
19. Saikku P, Leinonen M, Tankamen L, et al. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 273-277
20. Thom DH, Grayston JT, Siscovick DS, Wang SP, Weiss NS, Daling JR. Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. JAMA 1992; 268: 68-72
21. Mandell MA, Patel P, Ballam L, Strachan D, Northfield TC. C-reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: A population based cross sectional study. Br Med J 1996; 312: 1061-1065
22. Melnick SL, Shahar E, Folson AR, et al. Past infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study investigators. Am J Med 1993; 95: 499-504
23. Muhlestein JB, Hammond EH, Carlquist JF, et al. Increased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1555-1561
24. Grayston T, Kuo CC, Coulson AS, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. Circulation 1995; 92: 3397-3400
25. Ong G, Thomas BJ, Mansfield AO, Davidson BR, Taylor-Robinson D. Detection and widespread distribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the vascular system and its possible implications. J Clin Pathol 1996; 49: 102-106
26. Weiss SM, Roblin PM, Gaydos CA, et al. Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary atheromas of patients undergoing atherectomy. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 957-962
27. Moazed TC, Kuo C, Patton DL, Grayston JT, Campbell LA. Experimental rabbit models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 667-676
28. Moazed TC, Kuo C, Grayston JT, Campbell LA. Murine models of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 883-890
29. Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL, Hammond EH, et al. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithromycin prevents it in a rabbit model. Circulation 1998; 97: 633-636
30. Gurfinkel E, Bozovich G, Daroca A, Beck E, Mutner B. Randomized trial of roxithromycin in non-Q wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS pilot study. Lancet 1997; 350: 404-107
31. Gurfinkel E, Bozovich G, Beck E, Testa E, Livellara B, Mautner B. Treatment with the antibiotic roxithromycin in patients with acute non-Q wave coronary syndromes: The final report of the ROXIS study. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 121-127
32. Gupta S, Leatham EW, Carrington D, Mendall MA, Kaski JC, Camm AJ. Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events and azithromycin in male surviors of myocardial infarction. Circulation 1997; 96: 404-407
33. Anderson JL, Muhlestein JB, Carlquist J, et al. Randomized secondary prevention trial of azithromycin in patients with coronary artery disease and serological evidence for Chlamydia pneumonia infection: The Azithromycin in Coronary Artery Disease - Elimination of Myocardial Infarction with Chlamydia (ACADEMIC) study. Circulation 1999; 99: 1540-1547
34. Patel P, Mendall MA, Carrington D, et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk facors. Br Med J 1995; 311: 711-714
35. Patel P, Carrington D, Strachan DP, et al. Fibrinogen: A link between chronic infection and coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 1634-1635
36. Murray LJ, Bamford KB, O' Reilly DPJ, Mc Crum EE, Evans AE. Helicobacter pylori infection: Relation with cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart disease, and social class. Br Heart J 1995; 74: 497-501
37. Niemella S, Karttumen T, Korhonen T, et al. Could Helicobacter pylori infections increase the risk of coronary heart disease by modifying serum lipid concentration? Heart 1996; 75: 573-575
38. Scragg RKR, Fraser A, Metcalf PA. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and cardiovascular risk factors in a multicultural workforce. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1996; 76: 578-579
39. Pasceri V, Commarota G, Patti G, Cuoco L, Gasbarrini G, Maseri A. Association of virulent Helicobacter pylori strains with ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1998; 97: 1675-1679
40. Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N, et al. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J 1994; 71: 437-439
41. Xu Q, Wick G. The role of heat shock protein in protection and pathophysiology of the arterial wall. Mol Med Today 1996; 2: 372-379
42. Birnie DH, Holme ER, Me Kay IC, Hood S, Mc Coll KFI, Hillis WS. Association between antibodies to heat shock protein 65 and coronary atherosclerosis: Possible mechanism of action of Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections in increasing cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: 387-394
43. Whincup PH, Mendall MA, Perry IJ, Strachan DP, Walker M. Prospective relations between Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and stroke in middle aged men. Heart 1996; 75: 568-572
44. Wald NJ, Law MR, Morris JK, Bagnall AM. Helicobacter pylori infection and mortality from ischemic heart disease: Negative results from a large, prospective study. Br Med J 1997; 315: 1199-1201
45. Balsi F, Denti F, Erba M, et al. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae but not Helicobacter pylori in atherosclerotic plaques of aortic aneurysms. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2766-2769
46. de Beer FC, Hind CR, Fox KM, Allan RM, Maseri A, Pepys MB. Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration in myocardial ischemia and infarction. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 239-243
47. Liuzzo G, Biasucci LM, Gallimore JR, et al. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 417-424
48. Thompson SG, Kienast J, Pyke SDM, Haverkate F, van de Loo JCW. Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 635-641
49. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Henneken CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 973-979