메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 477-483

Respiratory diseases in children and outdoor air pollution in Sao Paulo, Brazil: A time series analysis

Author keywords

Air pollution; Hospital admissions; Respiratory diseases in children

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OZONE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

EID: 0033627103     PISSN: 13510711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/oem.57.7.477     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (103)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 0025671877 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children and adults: A global perspective
    • 1 Grahan N. The epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children and adults: a global perspective. Epidemiol Rev 1990;12:149-78.
    • (1990) Epidemiol Rev , vol.12 , pp. 149-178
    • Grahan, N.1
  • 2
    • 0026541731 scopus 로고
    • The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries
    • 2 Garenne M, Ronsmans C, Camphell H. The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1992;45:180-91.
    • (1992) World Health Stat Q , vol.45 , pp. 180-191
    • Garenne, M.1    Ronsmans, C.2    Camphell, H.3
  • 4
    • 0028373240 scopus 로고
    • Total suspended particulate matter and daily mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio
    • 4 Schwartz J. Total suspended particulate matter and daily mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:186-9.
    • (1994) Environ Health Perspect , vol.102 , pp. 186-189
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 6
    • 0026514360 scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations
    • 6 Schwartz J, Dockery DW. Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:600-4.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 600-604
    • Schwartz, J.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 7
    • 0027982927 scopus 로고
    • What are people dying of on high air pollution days?
    • 7 Schwartz J. What are people dying of on high air pollution days? Environ Res 1994;64:26-35.
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.64 , pp. 26-35
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 8
    • 9044248229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987-92
    • 8 Anderson HR, Ponce de Leon A, Bland JM, et al. Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987-92. BMJ 1996;312:665-9.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 665-669
    • Anderson, H.R.1    Ponce De Leon, A.2    Bland, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0026047623 scopus 로고
    • Effects of heavy industrial pollution on respiratory function in the children of Cubatao, Brazil: A preliminary report
    • 9 Spektor DM, Hofmeister VA, Artaxo P, et al. Effects of heavy industrial pollution on respiratory function in the children of Cubatao, Brazil: a preliminary report. Environ Health Perspect 1991;94:51-4.
    • (1991) Environ Health Perspect , vol.94 , pp. 51-54
    • Spektor, D.M.1    Hofmeister, V.A.2    Artaxo, P.3
  • 10
    • 0029812732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute health effects of exposure to high levels of air pollution in eastern Europe
    • 10 Peters A, Goldstein IF, Beyer U, et al. Acute health effects of exposure to high levels of air pollution in eastern Europe. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:570-81.
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.144 , pp. 570-581
    • Peters, A.1    Goldstein, I.F.2    Beyer, U.3
  • 11
    • 0027392348 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of ambient ozone on pulmonary function of children in The Netherlands
    • 11 Hoek G, Fischer P, Brunekreef B, et al. Acute effects of ambient ozone on pulmonary function of children in The Netherlands. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:111-7.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.147 , pp. 111-117
    • Hoek, G.1    Fischer, P.2    Brunekreef, B.3
  • 12
    • 0026806081 scopus 로고
    • 10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children
    • 10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:1123-8.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 1123-1128
    • Pope, C.A.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 14
    • 0027395826 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and school absenteeism among children in Mexico City
    • 14 Romieu I, Lugo MC, Velasco SR, et al. Air pollution and school absenteeism among children in Mexico City. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:1524-31.
    • (1992) Am J Epidemiol , vol.136 , pp. 1524-1531
    • Romieu, I.1    Lugo, M.C.2    Velasco, S.R.3
  • 16
    • 0026352020 scopus 로고
    • Low-level air pollution and upper respiratory infections in children
    • 16 Jaakkola JJ, Paunio M, Virtanen M, et al. Low-level air pollution and upper respiratory infections in children. Am J Public Health 1991;81:1060-3.
    • (1991) Am J Public Health , vol.81 , pp. 1060-1063
    • Jaakkola, J.J.1    Paunio, M.2    Virtanen, M.3
  • 17
    • 0024784910 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and respiratory diseases in children in Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • 17 Sobral HR. Air pollution and respiratory diseases in children in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Soc Sci Med 1989;29:959-64.
    • (1989) Soc Sci Med , vol.29 , pp. 959-964
    • Sobral, H.R.1
  • 18
    • 0024505597 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children
    • 18 Dockery DW, Speizer FE, Stram DO, et al. Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:587-94.
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.139 , pp. 587-594
    • Dockery, D.W.1    Speizer, F.E.2    Stram, D.O.3
  • 19
    • 0026016126 scopus 로고
    • 10 pollution in Utah, Salt Lake, and Cache Valleys
    • 10 pollution in Utah, Salt Lake, and Cache Valleys. Arch Environ Health 1991;46:90-7.
    • (1991) Arch Environ Health , vol.46 , pp. 90-97
    • Pope, C.A.I.I.1
  • 20
    • 0028926899 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and unscheduled hospital outpatient and emergency room visits
    • 20 Xu X, Li B, Huang H. Air pollution and unscheduled hospital outpatient and emergency room visits. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103:286-9.
    • (1995) Environ Health Perspect , vol.103 , pp. 286-289
    • Xu, X.1    Li, B.2    Huang, H.3
  • 21
    • 0024605410 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and a steel mill, Utah Valley
    • 21 Pope CA. Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and a steel mill, Utah Valley. Am J Public Health 1989;79:623-8.
    • (1989) Am J Public Health , vol.79 , pp. 623-628
    • Pope, C.A.1
  • 24
    • 0019768911 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of the use of hospital statistics as an index of morbidity in environmental studies
    • 24 Bennett AE. Limitations of the use of hospital statistics as an index of morbidity in environmental studies. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 1981;31:1276-8.
    • (1981) J Air Pollut Control Assoc , vol.31 , pp. 1276-1278
    • Bennett, A.E.1
  • 25
    • 0000078314 scopus 로고
    • Confiabilidade dos dados nos formulários de Autorizacã̧o de Internação Hospitalar (AIH)
    • 25 Veras C, Martins M. Confiabilidade dos dados nos formulários de Autorizacã̧o de Internação Hospitalar (AIH). Cad Sande Publ 1994;10:339-55.
    • (1994) Cad Sande Publ , vol.10 , pp. 339-355
    • Veras, C.1    Martins, M.2
  • 26
    • 0020957376 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions in Southern Ontario
    • 26 Bates DV, Sizto R. Relationship between air pollutant levels and hospital admissions in Southern Ontario. Can J Public Health 1983;74:117-22.
    • (1983) Can J Public Health , vol.74 , pp. 117-122
    • Bates, D.V.1    Sizto, R.2
  • 27
    • 0028275982 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low ambient levels of ozone and sulfates on the frequency of respiratory admissions to Ontario hospitals
    • 27 Burnett RT, Dales RE, Raizenne ME, et al. Effects of low ambient levels of ozone and sulfates on the frequency of respiratory admissions to Ontario hospitals. Environ Res 1994;65:172-94.
    • (1994) Environ Res , vol.65 , pp. 172-194
    • Burnett, R.T.1    Dales, R.E.2    Raizenne, M.E.3
  • 28
    • 0031018314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities
    • 28 Burnett RT, Brook JR, Yung WT, et al. Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities. Environ Res 1997;72:24-31.
    • (1997) Environ Res , vol.72 , pp. 24-31
    • Burnett, R.T.1    Brook, J.R.2    Yung, W.T.3
  • 29
    • 0029149715 scopus 로고
    • Hospital admission rates for asthma and respiratory disease in the West Midlands: Their relationship to air pollution levels
    • 29 Walters S, Phupinyokul M, Ayres J. Hospital admission rates for asthma and respiratory disease in the West Midlands: their relationship to air pollution levels. Thorax 1995;50: 948-54.
    • (1995) Thorax , vol.50 , pp. 948-954
    • Walters, S.1    Phupinyokul, M.2    Ayres, J.3
  • 30
    • 0029928152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in London between 1987-88 and 1991-2
    • 30 Ponce de Leon A, Anderson HR, Bland JM, et al. Effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in London between 1987-88 and 1991-2. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996;50(suppl 1):s63-70.
    • (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ponce De Leon, A.1    Anderson, H.R.2    Bland, J.M.3
  • 31
    • 0028268490 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Birmingham, Alabama
    • 31 Schwartz J. Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Birmingham, Alabama. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139:589-98.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 589-598
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 32
    • 0027991559 scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Detroit, Michigan
    • 32 Schwartz J. Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Detroit, Michigan. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:648-55.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , pp. 648-655
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 33
    • 0030038540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory disease
    • 33 Schwartz J. Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory disease. Epidemiology 1996;7:20-8.
    • (1996) Epidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 20-28
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 34
    • 0002014363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of air pollution from traffic: Ozone and paniculate matter
    • Fletcher T, McMichael AJ, eds. Chichester, England: John Willey
    • 34 Schwartz J. Health effects of air pollution from traffic: ozone and paniculate matter. In: Fletcher T, McMichael AJ, eds. Health at the crossroads. Transport policy and urban health. Chichester, England: John Willey 1997:61-86.
    • (1997) Health at the Crossroads. Transport Policy and Urban Health , pp. 61-86
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 35
    • 0030619718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone, suspended particulates, and daily mortality in Mexico City
    • 35 Borja Aburto VH, Loomis DP, Bangdiwala SI, et al. Ozone, suspended particulates, and daily mortality in Mexico City. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:258-68.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol , vol.145 , pp. 258-268
    • Borja Aburto, V.H.1    Loomis, D.P.2    Bangdiwala, S.I.3
  • 36
    • 0030006194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and mortality: Results from a study of Santiago, Chile
    • 36 Ostro B, Sanchez JM, Aranda C, et al. Air pollution and mortality: results from a study of Santiago, Chile. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1996;6:97-114.
    • (1996) J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol , vol.6 , pp. 97-114
    • Ostro, B.1    Sanchez, J.M.2    Aranda, C.3
  • 37
    • 18344411203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: Results of the APHEA project in Paris
    • 37 Dab W, Medina S, Quenel P, et al. Short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: results of the APHEA project in Paris. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996;50(suppl 1):s42-6.
    • (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Dab, W.1    Medina, S.2    Quenel, P.3
  • 38
    • 0029962939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short term effects of air pollution on emergency hospital admissions for respiratory disease: Results of the APHEA project in two major cities in The Netherlands, 1977-89
    • 38 Schouten JP, Vonk JM, de Graaf A. Short term effects of air pollution on emergency hospital admissions for respiratory disease: results of the APHEA project in two major cities in The Netherlands, 1977-89. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996;50(suppl 1):s22-9.
    • (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Schouten, J.P.1    Vonk, J.M.2    De Graaf, A.3
  • 39
    • 0028974307 scopus 로고
    • Effects of urban air pollutants on emergency visits for childhood asthma in Mexico City
    • 39 Romieu I, Meneses F, Sienra Monge JJ, et al. Effects of urban air pollutants on emergency visits for childhood asthma in Mexico City. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:546-53.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.141 , pp. 546-553
    • Romieu, I.1    Meneses, F.2    Sienra Monge, J.J.3
  • 40
    • 0029919529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between air pollution and acute childhood wheezy episodes: Prospective observational study
    • 40 Buchdahl R, Parker A, Stebbings T, et al. Association between air pollution and acute childhood wheezy episodes: prospective observational study. BMJ 1996;312: 661-5.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 661-665
    • Buchdahl, R.1    Parker, A.2    Stebbings, T.3
  • 41
    • 0027394237 scopus 로고
    • Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle
    • 41 Schwartz J, Slater D, Larson TV, et al. Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:826-31.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.147 , pp. 826-831
    • Schwartz, J.1    Slater, D.2    Larson, T.V.3
  • 42
    • 9044245702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm associated asthma: A detailed analysis of environmental factors
    • 42 Celenza A, Fothergill J, Kupek E, et al. Thunderstorm associated asthma: a detailed analysis of environmental factors. BMJ 1996;312:604-7.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 604-607
    • Celenza, A.1    Fothergill, J.2    Kupek, E.3
  • 43
    • 9044223282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major outbreak of asthma associated with a thunderstorm: Experience of accident and emergency departments and patients' characteristics
    • Thames Regions Accident and Emergency Trainees Association
    • 43 Davidson AC, Emberlin J, Cook AD, et al. A major outbreak of asthma associated with a thunderstorm: experience of accident and emergency departments and patients' characteristics. Thames Regions Accident and Emergency Trainees Association. BMJ 1996;312:601-1.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 601-611
    • Davidson, A.C.1    Emberlin, J.2    Cook, A.D.3
  • 44
    • 0029875186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma associated with thunderstorms
    • 44 Bauman A. Asthma associated with thunderstorms. BMJ 1996;312:590-1.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 590-591
    • Bauman, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.