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For a review, see: (a) Danishefsky, S. J. Chemtracts 1989, 273. For improved catalysis, see: (b) Schaus, S. E.; Branalt, J.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 403-405.
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Danishefsky, S.J.1
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4
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For a review, see: (a) Danishefsky, S. J. Chemtracts 1989, 273. For improved catalysis, see: (b) Schaus, S. E.; Branalt, J.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 403-405.
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(b) Hudlicky, T.; Pitzer, K. K.; Stabile, M. R.; Thorpe, A. J.; Whited, G. M. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4151-4153.
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Henderson, I.; Sharpless, K. B.; Wong, C.-H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 558-561.
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Henderson, I.1
Sharpless, K.B.2
Wong, C.-H.3
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8
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2642642035
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Recently Wong has developed a route to a mixture of glucose and fructose using an enzymatic process: Gijsen, H. J. M.; Qiao, L.; Fitz, W.; Wong, C.-H. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 443-73.
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Gijsen, H.J.M.1
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Riccio, R.; Kinnel, R. B.; Bifulco, G.; Scheur, P. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1979.
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Riccio, R.1
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Scheur, P.J.4
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10
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0028109186
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For a recent total synthesis of bleomycin, see: (a) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5647-5656. (b) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T.; Menezes, R. F.; Colletti, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5631-5646. (c) Boger, D. L.; Teramoto, S.; Zhou, J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7344- 7356.
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Boger, D.L.1
Honda, T.2
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11
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0028050439
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For a recent total synthesis of bleomycin, see: (a) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5647-5656. (b) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T.; Menezes, R. F.; Colletti, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5631-5646. (c) Boger, D. L.; Teramoto, S.; Zhou, J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7344- 7356.
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Boger, D.L.1
Honda, T.2
Menezes, R.F.3
Colletti, S.L.4
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12
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0029111403
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-
For a recent total synthesis of bleomycin, see: (a) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5647-5656. (b) Boger, D. L.; Honda, T.; Menezes, R. F.; Colletti, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5631-5646. (c) Boger, D. L.; Teramoto, S.; Zhou, J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7344-7356.
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Boger, D.L.1
Teramoto, S.2
Zhou, J.C.3
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13
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0344215430
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note
-
According to the Aldrich catalog, on a per gram basis D-mannose cost 35 times more than furfural and for L-mannose the cost ratio is 4000.
-
-
-
-
14
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-
79957866128
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-
Wiley: New York, Collect.
-
Furfural is commercially produced by Great Lakes Chemical. For a convenient laboratory procedure, see: Adams, R.; Voorhees, V. Organic Syntheses; Wiley: New York, 1921; Collect. Vol. I, p 280.
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Organic Syntheses
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Adams, R.1
Voorhees, V.2
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16
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0001471763
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K.
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(b) Grapsas, I.; K.; Couladouros, E. A.; Georgiadis, M. P. Pol. J. Chem. 1990, 64, 823.
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Pol. J. Chem.
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Grapsas, I.1
Couladouros, E.A.2
Georgiadis, M.P.3
-
17
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1842427481
-
-
Ogasawara has previously demonstrated the asymmetric dihydroxy-lation of vinylfuran and applied it toward the synthesis of D- and L-levoglucosenone: (a) Taniguchi, T.; Nakamura, K.; Ogasawara, K. Synlett 1996, 971. (b) Taniguchi, T.; Ohnishi, H.; Ogasawara, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1477-1478.
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(1996)
Synlett
, pp. 971
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-
Taniguchi, T.1
Nakamura, K.2
Ogasawara, K.3
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18
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-
0002298160
-
-
Ogasawara has previously demonstrated the asymmetric dihydroxy- lation of vinylfuran and applied it toward the synthesis of D- and L- levoglucosenone: (a) Taniguchi, T.; Nakamura, K.; Ogasawara, K. Synlett 1996, 971. (b) Taniguchi, T.; Ohnishi, H.; Ogasawara, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1477-1478.
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Chem. Commun.
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Taniguchi, T.1
Ohnishi, H.2
Ogasawara, K.3
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19
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0000460802
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For a good review, see: Hudlicky, T.; Entwistle, D. A.; Thorpe, A. J. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1195.
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Chem. Rev.
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Hudlicky, T.1
Entwistle, D.A.2
Thorpe, A.J.3
-
20
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0022895093
-
-
This in situ use of vinylfuran allows for much higher yields of diol 7. Wittig technology provides vinylfuran in yields on the order of 10%. Previous practical approaches to vinylfuran involve a four-step sequence from furfural that involves a stoichiometric Cu-promoted decarboxylation of 3-furylpropanoic acid, see: Schmidt, U.; Werner, J. Synthesis 1986, 986.
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Synthesis
, pp. 986
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Schmidt, U.1
Werner, J.2
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21
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4444276636
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Kolb, H. C.; VanNieuwenhze, M. S.; Sharpless, K. B. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2483-2547.
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Kolb, H.C.1
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Sharpless, K.B.3
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22
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0345509218
-
-
note
-
2O; see ref 12a.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
0345509219
-
-
note
-
The (R) diol 7 has been prepared on a half mole scale with no reduction of enantioselectivity. Similarly the (S) diol 7 has been prepared on a quarter mole scale.
-
-
-
-
24
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33947086629
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(a) Sullivan, G. R.; Dale, J. A.; Mosher, H. S. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 38, 2143.
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Sullivan, G.R.1
Dale, J.A.2
Mosher, H.S.3
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25
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0001384141
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(b) Yamaguchi, S.; Yasuhara, F.; Kabuto, K. T. Tetrahedron 1976, 32, 1363.
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Tetrahedron
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Yamaguchi, S.1
Yasuhara, F.2
Kabuto, K.T.3
-
27
-
-
0345077688
-
-
note
-
3N gave a 1:1 mixture. Achmatowicz has previously shown that molecules related to 6a gave a 1:1 mixture of methoxy anomers with MeOH/ acid; see ref 11a.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
0345509217
-
-
note
-
Mosher ester analysis of 7a showed that recrystallized enone 6b had significantly increased enantioexcess (>96% ee).
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
11944249437
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For a review of diastereoselection in the osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation reaction, see: Cha, J. K.; Kim, N.-S. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 1761.
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Chem. Rev.
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Cha, J.K.1
Kim, N.-S.2
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31
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0345077687
-
-
note
-
1H NMR.
-
-
-
-
35
-
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0000373613
-
-
Dondoni appraises L-gulose at $2000/g
-
For a recent eight-step synthesis of gulose from L-xylose, see: Dondoni, A.; Marra, A.; Massi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 6261. Dondoni appraises L-gulose at $2000/g.
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J. Org. Chem.
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, pp. 6261
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-
Dondoni, A.1
Marra, A.2
Massi, A.3
-
36
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0030842941
-
-
Less than 5% of the gulose isomer was formed. These conditions were chosen for the hydroxy-directed delivery of a ris diol. See: Donohoe, T. J.; Moore, P. R.; Waring, M. J.; Newcombe, N. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 5027.
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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Donohoe, T.J.1
Moore, P.R.2
Waring, M.J.3
Newcombe, N.J.4
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