Climate forcing due to tropospheric and stratospheric ozone

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D24, 1999, Pages 31239-31254

  Kiehl, J T ^a   Schneider, T L ^a,b   Portmann, R W ^b   Solomon, S ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; CLIMATE; CLIMATE MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; MODEL; OZONE; SEASONALITY; STRATOSPHERE; SULFATE; TROPOSPHERE;

CLIMATE FORCING; OZONE; RADIATIVE FORCING; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0033611347     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900991     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Barth, M. C., P. J. Rasch, J. T. Kiehl, C. M. Benkowitz, and S. E. Schwartz, Sulfur chemistry in the NCAR CCM: Description, evaluation, features and sensitivity to aqueous chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1999.
2. Berntsen, T. K., I. S. A. Isaksen, G. Myhre, J. S. Fuglestvedt, F. Stordal, T. A. Larsen, R. S. Freckleton, and K. P. Shine, Effects of anthropogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,101-28,126, 1997.
3. Brasseur, G. P., J. T. Kiehl, J.-F. Muller, T. Schneider, C. Granier, X. X. Tie, and D. Huaglustaine, Past and future changes in global tropospheric ozone: Impact on radiative forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3807-3810, 1998.
4. Briegleb, B. P., Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612, 1992.
5. Chalita, S., D. A. Hauglustaine, H. Le Treut, and J.-F. Muller, Radiative forcing due to increased tropospheric ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1641-1646, 1996.
6. Fishman, J., and J. C. Larsen, Distribution of total ozone and stratospheric ozone in the tropics: Implications for the distribution of tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6627-6634, 1987.
7. Fishman, J., and V. G. Brackett, The climatological distribution of tropospheric ozone derived from satellite measurements using version 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment data sets, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,275-19,278, 1997.
8. Forster, P. M. de, and K. P. Shine, Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,841-10,855, 1997.
9. Forster, P. M. de, C. E. Johnson, K. S. Law, J. A. Pyle, and K. P. Shine, Further estimates of radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone changes; Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3321-3324, 1996.
10. Forster, P. M. de, R. S. Freckleton, and K. P. Shine, On aspects of the concept of radiative forcing, Clim. Dyn., 13, 547-560, 1997.
11. Garcia, R. R., and S. Solomon, A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere, 2, Ozone and related species, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,937-12,951, 1994.
12. Haywood, J. M., M. D. Schwarzkopf, and V. Ramaswamy, Estimates of radiative forcing due to modeled increases in tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,999-17,007, 1998.
13. Hudson, R. D., and A. M. Thompson, Tropical tropospheric ozone from total ozone mapping spectrometer by a modified residual method, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,129-22,146, 1998.
14. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, 339 pp., edited by J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, H. Lee, B. A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris, and K. Maskell, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1995.
15. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change, 1995: The Science of Climate Change, 572 pp., edited by J. T. Houghton, L. G. M. Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
16. Kiehl, J. T., B. A. Boville, The radiative-dynamical response of a stratospheric-tropospheric general circulation model to changes in ozone, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1798-1817, 1988.
17. Kiehl, J. T., and B. P. Briegleb, The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing, Science, 260, 311-314, 1993.
18. Kiehl, J. T., B. A. Boville, and B. P. Briegleb, Response of a general circulation model to a prescribed Antarctic ozone hole, Nature, 332, 501-504, 1988.
19. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, B. P. Briegleb, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3), NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-420+STR, Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1996.
20. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3, J. Clim., 11, 1131-1149, 1998a.
21. Kiehl, J. T., T. L. Schneider, P. J. Rasch, M. C. Barth, and J. Wong, Radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosols from simulations with the NCAR Community Climate Model, Version 3, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1999.
22. Lacis, A. A., D. J. Wuebbles, and J. A. Logan, Radiative forcing of climate by chances in the vertical distribution of ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9971-9981, 1990.
23. Marenco, A., H. Gouget, P. Nedelec, J.-P. Pages, and R. Karcher, Evidence of a long-term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series consequences: Positive radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,617-16,632, 1994.
24. McPeters, R. D., S. M. Hollandsworth, L. E. Flynn, J. R. Herman, and C. J. Seftor, Long-term ozone trends derived from the 16-year combined Nimbus 7/Meteor 3 TOMS version 7 record, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3699-3702, 1996.
25. Miller, A. J., et al., Comparisons of observed ozone trends in the stratosphere through examination of Umkehr and balloon ozone-sonde data, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,209-11,217, 1995.
26. Portmann, R. W., S. Solomon, J. Fishman, J. R. Olson, J. T. Kiehl, and B. Briegleb, Radiative forcing of the Earth's climate system due to tropical tropospheric ozone production, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9409-9417, 1997.
27. Rasch, P. J., M. C. Barth, J. T. Kiehl, S. E. Schwartz, and C. M. Benkowitz, A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the NCAR CCM3, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1999.
28. Roelefs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld, and R. van Dorland, A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,389-23,401, 1997.
29. Shine, K., B. P. Briegleb, A. S. Grossman, D. Hauglustaine, H. Mao, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwanzkopf, R. van Dorland, and W.-C. Wang, Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone: A comparison of different codes, in Atmospheric Ozone As a Climate Gas, NATO ASI Ser., edited by W.-C. Wang and I. S. A. Isaksen, pp. 373-396, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.
30. Stevenson, D. S., C. E. Johnson, W. J. Collins, R. G. Derwent, K. P. Shine, and J. M. Edwards, Evolution of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3819-3822, 1998.
31. Tarasick, D. W., D. I., Wardle, J. B. Kerr, J. J. Bellefleur, and J. Davies, Tropospheric ozone trends over Canada: 1980-1993, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 409-412, 1995.
32. Van Dorland, R., F. J. Dentener, and J. Lelieveld, Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,097-28,100, 1997.
33. Wang, H. J., D. M. Cunnold, and X. Bao, A critical analysis of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment ozone trends, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,495-12,514, 1996.
34. Wang, Y., and D. J. Jacob, Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,123-31,135, 1998.
35. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, WMO Rep. 37, Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Program, Geneva, 1995.
36. World Meteorological Organization/United Nations Environment Programme (WMO/UNEP), Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998, Geneva, in press, 1998.