Assessment of land-surface energy budgets from regional and global models

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D16, 1999, Pages 19329-19348

  Berbery, Ernesto Hugo ^a   Mitchell, Kenneth E ^b,c   Benjamin, Stanley ^c   Smirnova, Tatiana ^c   Ritchie, Harold ^d   Hogue, Richard ^d   Radeva, Ekaterina ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER   (United States)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; ENERGY BUDGET; LAND SURFACE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 0033609585     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900128     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Avissar, R., and T. Schmidt, An evaluation of the scale at which ground-surface heat flux patchiness affects the convective Boundary Layer using large-eddy simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2666-2689, 1998.
2. Benjamin, S. G., J. M. Brown, K. J. Brundage, B. E. Schwartz, T. G. Smirnova, and T. L. Smith, The operational RUC-2, paper presented at Sixteenth Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Phoenix, Ariz., 1998.
3. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, A. C. J. Beljaars, M. J. Miller, and P. Viterbo, The land surface-atmosphere interaction: A review based on observational and global modeling perspectives, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D3), 7209-7225, 1996.
4. Betts, A. K., F. Chen, K. E. Mitchell, and Z. I. Janjić, Assessment of the land surface and boundary layer models in the two operational versions of the NCEP Eta model using FIFE data, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 2896-2916, 1997.
5. Black, T., et al., Changes to the Eta forecast systems, Tech. Procedures Bull. 441, Off. of Meteorol., Nat. Weather Serv., Silver Spring, Md., 1997.
6. Bleck, R., and S. G. Benjamin, Regional weather prediction with a model combining terrain-following and isentropic coordinates. Part I: Model description, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 1770-1785, 1993.
7. Brown, J. M., T. G. Smirnova, and S. G. Benjamin, Introduction of MM5 level 4 microphysics into the RUC-2, paper presented at Twelfth Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Phoenix, Ariz., 1998.
8. Chen, F., K. Mitchell, J. Schaake, Y. Xue, H. Pan, V. Koren, Q. Duan, and A. Betts, Modeling of land-surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7521-7268, 1996.
9. Chen, F., Z. Janjić, and K. Mitchell, Impact of the atmospheric surface-layer parameterizations in the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP mesoscale Eta model, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 85, 391-421, 1997.
10. Climate Prediction Center, August weather and crop summary, Weekly Weather Crop Bull., vol. 84, No. 36, Washington, D.C., 1997.
11. Climate Prediction Center, January precipitation and temperature maps, Weekly Weather Crop Bull., vol. 85, No. 6, Washington, D.C., 1998.
12. Côté, J., S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch, and A. Staniford, The operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model. Part I: Design considerations and formulation, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1373-1395, 1998a.
13. Côté, J.-G. Desmarais, S. Gravel, A. Méthot, A. Patoine, M. Roch, and A. Staniford, The operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model. Part II: Results, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1397-1418, 1998b.
14. Dey, C. H., GRIB (Edition 1): The WMO format for the storage of weather product information and the exchange of weather product messages in gridded binary form, Off. Note 388, Natl. Cent, for Environ. Predict., Camp Springs, Md., 1998.
15. Garratt, J. R., P. B. Krummel, and E. A. Kowalczyk, The surface energy balance at local and regional scales - A comparison of general circulation model results with observations, J. Clim., 6, 1090-1109, 1993.
16. Garratt, J. R., A. J. Prata, L. D. Rotstayn, B. J. McAvaney, and S. Cusack, The surface radiation budget over oceans and continents, J. Clim., 11, 1951-1968, 1998.
17. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN 398 +STR, 138 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1994.
18. Gutman, G., and A. Ignatov, The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models, Int. J. Remote Sens., 19(8) 1533-1543, 1998.
19. Gutowski, W. J., Jr., D. S. Gutzler, and W.-C. Wang, Surface energy balances of three general circulation models: Implications for simulating regional climate change, J. Clim., 4, 121-134, 1991.
20. Hinkelman, L. M., T. P. Ackerman, and R. T. Marchand, An evaluation of NCEP Eta model predictions of surface energy budget and cloud properties by comparison to measured ARM data, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
21. Huang, J., H. M. van den Dool, and K. P. Georgakakos, Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts, J. Clim., 9, 1350-1362, 1996.
22. Janjić, Z. I., The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1429-1443, 1990.
23. Janjić, Z. I., The step mountain Eta coordinate model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer and turbulence closure schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 927-945, 1994.
24. Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year Reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, 1996.
25. Kiehl, J. T., and K. E. Trenberth, Earth's annual global mean energy budget, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 197-208, 1997.
26. Leese, J. A., Major activities plan for 1998, 1999 and outlook for 2000 for the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP), IGPO Publ. Ser. 26, Int. GEWEX Proj. Off., Silver Spring, Md., 1997.
27. Mailhot, J., R. Sarrazin, B. Bilodeau, N. Brunei, and G. Pellerin, Development of the 35-km version of the Canadian regional forecast system, Atmos. Ocean, 35, 1-28, 1997.
28. Mesinger, F., Z. I. Janjić, S. Ničković, D. Gavrilov, and D. G. Deaven, The step-mountain coordinate: Model description and performance for cases of Alpine lee cyclogenesis and for a case of Appalachian redevelopment, Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 1493-1518, 1988.
29. Pinker, R. T., and I. Laszlo, Modeling surface solar irradiance for satellite applications on a global scale, J. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 389-401, 1992.
30. Pinker, R. T., J. D. Tarpley, I. Laszlo, and K. Mitchell, Operational GOES-8 surface radiation budget products for GCIP, GEWEX News, 9(1), Int. GEWEX Proj. Off., Silver Spring, Md., 1999.
31. Reisner, J., R. M. Rasmussen, and R. T. Bruintjes, Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 142, 1071-1107, 1998.
32. Roads, J., S. Chen, M. Kanamitsu, and H. Juang, GDAS's GCIP energy budgets, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1776-1794, 1997.
33. Rogers, E., T. L. Black, D. G. Deaven, and G. J. DiMego, Changes to the operational "early" Eta analysis/forecast system at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Weather Forecasting, 11, 391-413, 1996.
34. Smirnova, T. G., J. M. Brown, and S. G. Benjamin, Performance of different soil model configurations in simulating ground surface temperature and surface fluxes, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 1870-1884, 1997.
35. Smirnova, T. G., J. M. Brown, and S. G. Benjamin, Impact of a snow physics parameterization on short-range forecasts of skin temperature in MAPS/RUC, paper presented at Twelfth Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Phoenix, Ariz., 1998.
36. Stokes, G. M., and S. E. Schwartz, The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the Cloud and Radiation Testbed, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 1201-1221, 1994.
37. Yucel, I., W. J. Shuttleworth, J. Washburne, and F. Chen, Evaluating NCEP Eta model derived data against observations, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1977-1991, 1998.
38. Zhao, Q., T.L. Black, and M. E. Baldwin, Implementation of cloud prediction scheme in the Eta model at NCEP, Weather Forecasting, 12, 697-711, 1997.