메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue D8, 1999, Pages 9121-9133

Modification of the relaxed eddy accumulation technique to maximize measured scalar mixing ratio differences in updrafts and downdrafts

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MIXING RATIO; UPDRAFT; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 0033608916     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0025170250 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of turbulence statistics within three boreal forest canopies
    • Amiro, B. D., Comparison of turbulence statistics within three boreal forest canopies, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 51, 99-121, 1990.
    • (1990) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.51 , pp. 99-121
    • Amiro, B.D.1
  • 3
    • 0000701665 scopus 로고
    • Conditional sampling in turbulence measurements
    • Antonia, R. A., Conditional sampling in turbulence measurements, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 13, 131-156, 1981.
    • (1981) Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. , vol.13 , pp. 131-156
    • Antonia, R.A.1
  • 5
    • 0027039647 scopus 로고
    • Field-scale application of flux measurement by conditional sampling
    • Baker, J. M., J. M. Norman, and W. L. Bland, Field-scale application of flux measurement by conditional sampling, Agric. For. Meteorol., 62, 31-52, 1992.
    • (1992) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.62 , pp. 31-52
    • Baker, J.M.1    Norman, J.M.2    Bland, W.L.3
  • 6
    • 79959272544 scopus 로고
    • Scaling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange from leaf to canopy in a deciduous forest, II, Model testing and application
    • Baldocchi, D. D., and P. C. Harley, Scaling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange from leaf to canopy in a deciduous forest, II, Model testing and application, Plant Cell Environ., 18, 1157-1173, 1995.
    • (1995) Plant Cell Environ. , vol.18 , pp. 1157-1173
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Harley, P.C.2
  • 7
    • 0024164725 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence structure in a deciduous forest
    • Baldocchi, D. D., and T. P. Meyers, Turbulence structure in a deciduous forest, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 43, 345-364, 1988.
    • (1988) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.43 , pp. 345-364
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Meyers, T.P.2
  • 9
    • 0032712521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling isoprene fluxes from leaves to canopies: Test cases over a boreal aspen and a mixed-species temperate forest
    • in press
    • Baldocchi, D. D., J. D. Fuentes, D. R. Bowling, A. A. Turnipseed, and R. K. Monson, Scaling isoprene fluxes from leaves to canopies: Test cases over a boreal aspen and a mixed-species temperate forest, J. Appl. Meteorol., in press, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteorol.
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Fuentes, J.D.2    Bowling, D.R.3    Turnipseed, A.A.4    Monson, R.K.5
  • 10
    • 0024783417 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent exchange above a pine forest, II, Organized structures
    • Bergstrom, H., and U. Hogstrom, Turbulent exchange above a pine forest, II, Organized structures, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 49, 231-263, 1989.
    • (1989) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.49 , pp. 231-263
    • Bergstrom, H.1    Hogstrom, U.2
  • 11
    • 0031690127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of relaxed eddy accumulation to measure biosphere-atmosphere exchange of isoprene and other biological trace gases
    • Bowling, D. R., A. A. Turnipseed, A. C. Delany, D. D. Baldocchi, J. P. Greenberg, and R. K. Monson, The use of relaxed eddy accumulation to measure biosphere-atmosphere exchange of isoprene and other biological trace gases, Oecologia, 116, 306-315, 1998.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 306-315
    • Bowling, D.R.1    Turnipseed, A.A.2    Delany, A.C.3    Baldocchi, D.D.4    Greenberg, J.P.5    Monson, R.K.6
  • 12
    • 0030934775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 concentrations, isotopic composition, and carbon dynamics in an Amazonian rainforest (French Guiana)
    • 2 concentrations, isotopic composition, and carbon dynamics in an Amazonian rainforest (French Guiana), Oecologia, 110, 120-131, 1997.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 120-131
    • Buchmann, N.1    Guehl, J.-M.2    Barigah, T.S.3    Ehleringer, J.R.4
  • 14
    • 0026447576 scopus 로고
    • Flux-gradient relationships above tall plant canopies
    • Cellier, P., and Y. Brunet, Flux-gradient relationships above tall plant canopies, Agric. For. Meteorol., 58, 93-117, 1992.
    • (1992) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.58 , pp. 93-117
    • Cellier, P.1    Brunet, Y.2
  • 15
    • 0031466676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, 1, Surface fluxes
    • 2, 1, Surface fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5857-5872, 1997a.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 5857-5872
    • Ciais, P.1
  • 16
    • 0031456179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, 2, Simulations with the TM2 transport model
    • 2, 2, Simulations with the TM2 transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5873-5883, 1997b.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 5873-5883
    • Ciais, P.1
  • 17
    • 0013764365 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on scalar dispersion within a model plant canopy, II, An elevated plane source
    • Coppin, P. A., M. R. Raupach, and B. J. Legg, Experiments on scalar dispersion within a model plant canopy, II, An elevated plane source, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 35, 167-191, 1986.
    • (1986) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.35 , pp. 167-191
    • Coppin, P.A.1    Raupach, M.R.2    Legg, B.J.3
  • 18
    • 0027068840 scopus 로고
    • A method to delineate extreme structures within airborne flux traces over the FIFE site
    • Duncan, M. R., and P. H. Schuepp, A method to delineate extreme structures within airborne flux traces over the FIFE site, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18,487-18,498, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Duncan, M.R.1    Schuepp, P.H.2
  • 25
    • 0030426558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: Methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy
    • Goulden, M. L., J. W. Munger, S.-M. Fan, B. C. Daube, and S. C. Wofsy, Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: Methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy, Global Change Biol., 2, 169-182, 1996.
    • (1996) Global Change Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 169-182
    • Goulden, M.L.1    Munger, J.W.2    Fan, S.-M.3    Daube, B.C.4    Wofsy, S.C.5
  • 26
    • 0032551091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eddy covariance measurement of isoprene fluxes
    • Guenther, A. B., and A. J. Hills, Eddy covariance measurement of isoprene fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,145-13,152, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Guenther, A.B.1    Hills, A.J.2
  • 27
    • 0030422442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniques
    • Guenther, A. B., et al., Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,555-18,567, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Guenther, A.B.1
  • 31
    • 0030407447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the conditional sampling method used to estimate fluxes of active, reactive, and passive scalars
    • Katul, G. G., P. L. Finkelstein, J. F. Clarke, and T. G. Ellestad, An investigation of the conditional sampling method used to estimate fluxes of active, reactive, and passive scalars, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 1835-1845, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.35 , pp. 1835-1845
    • Katul, G.G.1    Finkelstein, P.L.2    Clarke, J.F.3    Ellestad, T.G.4
  • 33
    • 0031408503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ejection-sweep character of scalar fluxes in the unstable surface layer
    • Katul, G., G. Kuhn, J. Schieldge, and C.-I. Hsieh, The ejection-sweep character of scalar fluxes in the unstable surface layer, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 83, 1-26, 1997b.
    • (1997) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.83 , pp. 1-26
    • Katul, G.1    Kuhn, G.2    Schieldge, J.3    Hsieh, C.-I.4
  • 34
    • 49749211375 scopus 로고
    • The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas
    • Keeling, C. D., The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 13, 322-334, 1958.
    • (1958) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.13 , pp. 322-334
    • Keeling, C.D.1
  • 35
    • 0001233121 scopus 로고
    • The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural and marine air
    • Keeling, C. D., The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural and marine air, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 24, 277-298, 1961.
    • (1961) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.24 , pp. 277-298
    • Keeling, C.D.1
  • 38
    • 0001205628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 at local and regional scales: Theoretical aspects and a comparison between rain forest in Amazonia and a boreal forest in Siberia
    • 2 at local and regional scales: Theoretical aspects and a comparison between rain forest in Amazonia and a boreal forest in Siberia, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 23, 371-399, 1996.
    • (1996) Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , vol.23 , pp. 371-399
    • Lloyd, J.1
  • 39
    • 0025584193 scopus 로고
    • Joint probability analysis of momentum and heat fluxes at a deciduous forest
    • Maitani, T., and R. H. Shaw, Joint probability analysis of momentum and heat fluxes at a deciduous forest, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 52, 283-300, 1990.
    • (1990) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.52 , pp. 283-300
    • Maitani, T.1    Shaw, R.H.2
  • 40
    • 0023823518 scopus 로고
    • An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain
    • McMillen, R. T., An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 43, 231-245, 1988.
    • (1988) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.43 , pp. 231-245
    • McMillen, R.T.1
  • 41
    • 84972344183 scopus 로고
    • Statistical characteristics of wall turbulence with a passive scalar
    • Nagano, Y., and M. Tagawa, Statistical characteristics of wall turbulence with a passive scalar, J. Fluid Mech., 196, 157-185, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.196 , pp. 157-185
    • Nagano, Y.1    Tagawa, M.2
  • 42
    • 0017766764 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the contributions to the Reynolds stress from bursting events in open-channel flows
    • Nakagawa, H., and I. Nezu, Prediction of the contributions to the Reynolds stress from bursting events in open-channel flows, J. Fluid Mech., 80, 99-128, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.80 , pp. 99-128
    • Nakagawa, H.1    Nezu, I.2
  • 44
    • 0027332156 scopus 로고
    • Verification of flux measurement using relaxed eddy accumulation
    • Oncley, S. P., A. C. Delany, T. W. Horst, and P. P. Tans, Verification of flux measurement using relaxed eddy accumulation, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2417-2426, 1993.
    • (1993) Atmos. Environ. , vol.27 A , pp. 2417-2426
    • Oncley, S.P.1    Delany, A.C.2    Horst, T.W.3    Tans, P.P.4
  • 45
    • 0026474270 scopus 로고
    • Impact of density fluctuations on flux measurements of trace gases: Implications for the relaxed eddy accumulation technique
    • Pattey, E., R. L. Desjardins, F. Boudreau, and P. Rochette, Impact of density fluctuations on flux measurements of trace gases: Implications for the relaxed eddy accumulation technique, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 59, 195-203, 1992.
    • (1992) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.59 , pp. 195-203
    • Pattey, E.1    Desjardins, R.L.2    Boudreau, F.3    Rochette, P.4
  • 47
    • 0030439139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: The mixing-layer analogy
    • Raupach, M. R., J. J. Finnigan, and Y. Brunet, Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: The mixing-layer analogy, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 78, 351-382, 1996.
    • (1996) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.78 , pp. 351-382
    • Raupach, M.R.1    Finnigan, J.J.2    Brunet, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0028667869 scopus 로고
    • Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes
    • Schmid, H. P., Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 67, 293-318, 1994.
    • (1994) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.67 , pp. 293-318
    • Schmid, H.P.1
  • 50
    • 0020969228 scopus 로고
    • Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes
    • Schotanus, P., F. T. M. Nieuwstadt, and H. A. R. De Bruin, Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 26, 81-93, 1983.
    • (1983) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.26 , pp. 81-93
    • Schotanus, P.1    Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.2    De Bruin, H.A.R.3
  • 51
    • 0038581158 scopus 로고
    • On diffusive and dispersive fluxes in forest canopies
    • edited by B. A. Hutchinson and B. B. Hicks, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
    • Shaw, R. H., On diffusive and dispersive fluxes in forest canopies, in The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction, edited by B. A. Hutchinson and B. B. Hicks, pp. 407-419, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1985.
    • (1985) The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction , pp. 407-419
    • Shaw, R.H.1
  • 52
    • 0020968360 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Reynolds stress in a canopy layer
    • Shaw, R. H., J. Tavangar, and D. P. Ward, Structure of the Reynolds stress in a canopy layer, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1922-1931, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.22 , pp. 1922-1931
    • Shaw, R.H.1    Tavangar, J.2    Ward, D.P.3
  • 53
    • 0021561272 scopus 로고
    • Eddy correlation measurements of energy partition for Amazonian forest
    • Shuttleworth, W., et al., Eddy correlation measurements of energy partition for Amazonian forest, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 110, 1143-1162, 1984.
    • (1984) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.110 , pp. 1143-1162
    • Shuttleworth, W.1
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0024879847 scopus 로고
    • Ecological interpretation of leaf carbon isotope ratios: Influence of respired carbon dioxide
    • Sternberg, L. S. L., S. S. Mulkey, and S. J. Wright, Ecological interpretation of leaf carbon isotope ratios: Influence of respired carbon dioxide, Ecology, 70, 1317-1324, 1989.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1317-1324
    • Sternberg, L.S.L.1    Mulkey, S.S.2    Wright, S.J.3
  • 57
    • 0027867680 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of carbon dynamics in tropical and temperate soils using radiocarbon measurements
    • Trumbore, S. E., Comparison of carbon dynamics in tropical and temperate soils using radiocarbon measurements, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 275-290, 1993.
    • (1993) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.7 , pp. 275-290
    • Trumbore, S.E.1
  • 58
    • 0018923326 scopus 로고
    • Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
    • Webb, E. K., G. I. Pearman, and R. Leuning, Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 85-100, 1980.
    • (1980) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 85-100
    • Webb, E.K.1    Pearman, G.I.2    Leuning, R.3
  • 59
    • 0029729923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and water between terrestrial vegetation and the atmosphere estimated from isotope measurements
    • 2 and water between terrestrial vegetation and the atmosphere estimated from isotope measurements, Nature, 380, 515-517, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 515-517
    • Yakir, D.1    Wang, X.-F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.