A three-dimensional synthesis study of δ18O in atmospheric CO2 1. Surface fluxes

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 5857-5872

  Ciais, Philippe ^a,j   Denning, A Scott ^b   Tans, Pieter P ^c   Berry, Joseph A ^d   Randall, David A ^b   Collatz, G James ^e   Sellers, Piers J ^e   White, James W C ^f   Trolier, Michael ^c,f   Meijer, Harro A J ^g   Francey, Roger J ^h   Monfray, Patrick ^a,k   Heimann, Martin ⁱ  

^a LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DU CLIMAT ET DE L ENVIRONNEMENT   (France)

^b Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^c EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^e NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^h CSIRO   (Australia)

ⁱ MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

^j DIF   (France)

^k Centre des Faibles Radioactivites   (France)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CANOPY EXCHANGE; CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN-18; SIB2 BIOSPHERE MODEL; SOIL; SURFACE FLUX;

EID: 0031466676     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jd02360     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. 2 gas, in References and Intercomparison Materials for Stable Isotopes of Light Elements, Proceedings of a Consultants Meeting held in Vienna, 1-3 December 1993 IAEA-TECDOC-825, pp. 155-162, Int. At. Energy Agency, Vienna, 1995.
2. Arakawa, A., and V. R. Lamb, Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model, Methods Comput. Phys., 17, 173-265, 1977.
3. Arakawa, A., and V. R. Lamb, A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shallow water equations, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 18-36, 1981.
4. 18O content of standard mean ocean water, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 31, 341-344, 1965.
5. Ball, J. T., An analysis of stomatal conductance, Ph.D. thesis, 89 pp., Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif., 1988.
6. 2H) au sein des organes des plantes aériennes, 1, Approche en conditions contrôlées, Chem. Geol., 115, 307-315, 1994a.
7. 2H) dans le continuum sol-plante-atmosphère, 2, Approche en conditions naturelles, Chem. Geol., 115, 317-333, 1994b.
8. 2O, Isotope Geosci., 1, 181-190, 1983.
9. 13C measurements from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory global air sampling network, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5051-5070, 1995.
10. 2, 2, Simulations with the TM2 transport model, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
11. Collatz, G. J., J. T. Ball, C. Grivet, and J. A. Berry, Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and transpiration: A model that includes a laminar boundary layer, Agric. For. Meteorol., 54, 107-136, 1991.
12. Collatz, G. J., M. Ribas-Carbo, and J. A. Berry, Coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model for leaves of C4 plants, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 19, 519-538, 1992.
13. Conway, T. J., P. P. Tans, L. S. Waterman, K. W. Thoning, D. R. Kitzis, K. A. Masarie, and N. Zhang, Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory Global air sampling network, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,831-22,855, 1994.
14. Craig, H., and A. Gordon, Deuterium and oxygen-18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere, in Stable Isotopes in Oceanic Studies and Paleotemperatures, Lab. Geol. and Nuclear Sci., Pisa, Italy, 1965.
15. 2 using a general circulation model, Atmos. Sci. Pap. 564, Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, 1994.
16. 2 concentrations, Tellus, in press, 1996.
17. 2 in a general circulation model, 1, Surface carbon fluxes, Tellus, in press, 1996.
18. Dörr, H., and K. O. Munnich, Annual variation in soil respiration in selected areas of the temperate zone, Tellus, Ser. B, 39, 114-121, 1987.
19. 2 using the GISS tracer transport model, Div. Atmos. Res. Tech. Pap. Aust. C.S.I.R.O., 29, 1-44, 1993.
20. 2, Tellus, Ser. B, 47, 35-52, 1995.
21. Erickson, D. J., III., A stability dependent theory for air-sea exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8471-8488, 1993.
22. 2 assimilation in C3 plants. Planta, 149, 78-90, 1980.
23. Farquhar, G. D., K. T. Hubick, A. G. Condon, and R. A. Richards, Carbon isotope fractionation and plant water-use efficiency, in Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, edited by P. W. Rundel et al., pp. 21-40, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
24. 2, Nature, 363, 439-443, 1993.
25. Förstel, H., A. Putral, G. Schleser, and H. Leith, The world pattern of oxygen-18 in rainwater and its importance in understanding the biogeochemical oxygen cycle, in Isotope Ratios as Pollutant Source and Behavior Indicators, pp. 323-344, Int. At. Energy Agency, Vienna, 1975.
26. Fowler, L. A., and D. A. Randall, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, II, Impact on cloudiness, the Earth's radiation budget, and the general circulation of the atmosphere, J. Clim., 9, 530-560, 1995a.
27. Fowler, L. A., and D. A. Randall, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, III, Sensitivity to modeling assumptions, J. Clim., 9, 561-586, 1995b.
28. Fowler, L. A., D. A. Randall, and S. A. Rutledge, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, I, Model description and simulated microphysical processes, J. Clim., 9, 486-529, 1995.
29. 2, Nature, 495-497, 1987.
30. Francey, R. J., C. E. Allison, I. G. Enting, J. W. C. White, M. Trolier, and P. P. Tans, Changes in the oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982, Nature, 373, 326-330, 1995.
31. Friedman, I., and J. R. O'Neill, Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 440-KK, 1977.
32. 2, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2999-3013, 1987.
33. Hao, W.-M., and M.-H. Liu, Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 495-503, 1994.
34. Harshvardhan, R., D. A. Davies, D. Randall, and T. G. Corsetti, A fast radiation parameterization for general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1009-1016, 1987.
35. 2 in a soil near Bern, Switzerland, Tellus, Ser. B, 43, 197-205, 1991.
36. Houghton, R. A., et al., The flux of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in 1980 due to changes in land use: Geographic distribution of the global flux, Tellus, Ser. B, 39, 122-139, 1987.
37. Hut, G., Report to the Director General on the consultants' group meeting on stable isotope reference samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations, report, 41 pp., Int. Atomic Energ. Assoc., Vienna, 1987.
38. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Statistical treatment of environmental isotope data in precipitation, Tech. Rep. Ser. I.A.E.A., 206, 1-256, 1981.
39. 18O in atmospheric water vapor and precipitation at Heidelberg, Germany, Tellus, Ser. B, 43, 291-300, 1991.
40. 18O atmospheric cycles using the NASA/GISS general circulation model: The seasonal cycle for present-day conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,739-14,760, 1987.
41. Keeling, C. D., T. P. Whorf, M. Wahlen, and J. Van der Plicht, Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980, Nature, 375, 666-670, 1995.
42. 2 ratio, U.S. Natl. Rep. Int. Union Geod. Geophys. 1991-1994, Rev. Geophys., 33, 1253-1262, 1995.
43. Kroopnick, P., and H. Craig, Atmospheric oxygen: Isotopic composition and solubility fractionation, Science, 175, 54-55, 1972.
44. Levitus, S., Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, Prof. Pap., 173, U.S. Gov. Print. Off., 1982.
45. Maier-Reimer, E., Geochemical cycles in an ocean general circulation model: Preindustrial tracer distribution, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 645-677, 1993.
46. 2 from fossil fuel burning: Global distribution of emissions, Tellus, Ser. B, 37, 243-258, 1985.
47. 18O in gases, J. Chem. Phys., 69, 1864-2871, 1978.
48. Raich, J. W., E. B. Rastetter, J. M. Melillo, D. W. Kicklighter, P. A. Steudler, and B. J. Peterson, Potential net primary productivity of South America: Application of a global model, Ecol. Appl., 1, 399-429, 1991.
49. Randall, D. A., and D.-M. Pan, Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert parameterization with a prognostic closure, in The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, edited by K. Emanuel and D. Raymond, pp. 137-144, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1993.
50. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, D. A. Dazlich, and T. G. Corsetti, Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1943-1970, 1989.
51. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, and D. A. Dazlich, Diurnal variability of the hydrologic cycle in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 40-62, 1991.
52. Randall, D. A., Q. Shao, and C.-H. Moeng, A second-order bulk boundary-layer model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1903-1923, 1992.
53. Randall, D. R., et al., A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for GCMs, 3, The greening of the Colorado State University general circulation model, J. Clim., 9, 738-763, 1996.
54. Sellers, P. J., Y. Mintz, Y. C. Sud, and A. Dalcher, A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 505-531, 1986.
55. Sellers, P. J., J. A. Berry, G. J. Collatz, C. B. Field, and F. G. Hall, Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis, and transpiration, III, A reanalysis using enzyme kinetics - Electron transfer models of leaf physiology, Remote Sens. Environ., 42, 1-20, 1992a.
56. 2) length scales, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,033-19,059, 1992b.
57. Sellers, P. J., D. R. Randall, J. A. Collatz, J. A. Berry, C. B. Field, D. A. Dazlich, C. Zhang, and L. Bounoua, A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs, 1, Model formulation, J. Clim., 9, 676-705, 1996a.
58. Sellers, P. J., S. O. Los, C. J. Tucker, C. O. Justice, D. A. Dazlich, G. J. Collatz, and D. A. Randall, A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs, 2, The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from satellite data, J. Clim., 9, 706-737, 1996b.
59. Silverman, D. N., Carbonic Anhydrase: Oxygen-18 exchange catalyzed by an enzyme with rate-contributing proton transfer steps, Methods Enzymol., 87, 733-753, 1982.
60. Suarez, M. J., A. Arakawa, and D. A. Randall, Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results. Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 2224-2243, 1983.
61. 2, in Baseline 1983-1984, edited by R. J. Francey and B. W. Morgan, Dep. of Sci., Bur. of Meteorol./CSIRO Div. of Atmos. Res., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1986.
62. 2 uptake by the oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 353-368, 1993.
63. Vogel, J. C., P. M. Grootes, and W. G. Mook, Isotopic fractionation between gaseous and dissolved carbon dioxide, Z. Phys., 230, 225-238, 1970.
64. White, J. W. C., The climatic significance of D/H ratios in white pine in the northeastern united states, 331 pp., Ph.D. thesis, Columbia Univ., New York, 1983.
65. White, J. W. C. and S. D. Gedzelman, The isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapor and the concurrent meteorological conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4937-4939, 1984.
66. 2, Plant Cell Environ., 7, 73-80, 1994.