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+ Pure Kit, Ambion] and subjected to Northern (RNA) blot analysis with the 3F/4R probe, which revealed two hybridizing bands: a 2,4-kb band containing the unspliced intron, and a ∼1.4-kb band containing spliced forms. RT-PCR was then performed (Superscript 2 One-Step Kit, Life Technologies) on mRNA from transfected HEK-293/aeq17 cells with the forward primer 5′ RACE1 and reverse primer 3′ RACE2 (TM5 region: 5′-CTGCCCTTTCTGTGCCTCAGCATCCTCTAC). An ∼500-bp product was cloned (TA vector pCR2.2, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), sequenced, and found to be a mixture of both spliced forms. Assembly of the complete open reading frame for GPR38-A without intronic sequence was performed by ligation of an exon 1 fragment (Not I digestion of a MTL-R1A plasmid containing the intron in pCDNA-3) to pCDNA-3.1 containing a Not I-EcoR I exon 2 fragment.
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0031804035
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GenBank database [D. Benson, M. S. Boguski, D. J. Lipman, J. Ostell, B. F. Ouellette Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 1 (199B)] assession numbers are as follows: human GHS-R (HSU60179), human CPR38-A (MTL-RIA) (O43193), and fish clone 75E7 (AF082210). The alignment data are available at www.sciencemag.org/ feature/data/1039909.shl
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Benson, D.1
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Ouellette, B.F.5
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28
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0344996818
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note
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2, and bovine serum albumin (BSA; 0.1 mg/ml)], transferred into ECB buffer, washed once, and suspended to 500,000 cells/ml. A 100-μl sample of cell suspension (corresponding to 5 × 104 cells) was then injected into the test ligand plate (96-well format), and the integrated light emission was recorded over 30 s, in 0.5-s units. Lysis buffer (20 μl) (0.1% final Triton X-100 concentration) was then injected and the integrated light emission recorded over 10 s, in 0.5-s units. The fractional response values for each well were calculated by taking the ratio of the integrated response to the initial challenge to the total integrated luminescence including the Triton X-100 lysis response.
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0344996817
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2-terminal FLAG epitope in frame with the GPR38-A coding sequence, we constructed a mammalian expression vector by ligating a Pme I fragment excised from the pcDNA-1.1 expression vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing GPR38 into the Eco RV site of pFLAG/CMV-2 vector (Kodak Imaging Systems, New Haven, CT). After lipofection (Life Technologies, Gaithersberg, MD) of this plasmid into HEK-293/aeq17 cells, a protein of the expected size (∼45 kD) was detected in crude cell membranes by protein immunoblot analysis with the M1 monoclonal antibody to FLAG (Kodak Imaging Systems).
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30
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0344996816
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Ligand plates were assembled from commercial sources (Research Biochemicals International Natick, MA; Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA) and contained an assortment of nonpeptide small molecules: for example, adenosines/purinerigics (theophylline, reserpine, phenyltoin, phenylbutazone), adrenergics/histaminergics (alprenolol, prazocin, phentolamine, histamine, cimetidine), cholinergics/ion channel modulators (carbachol atropine, amiloride, diltiazem, Bay K-8644), dopaminergics (ergocristine, haloperiool, clozapine bromocryptine), glutamatergics (aspartic acid, capsaicin, glutamic acid, kainic acid, quisqualic acid), opioids (levallorphan, natrexone, norcodeine, nalaxone), serotonergics (ketanserin, quipazine, mianserin, tryptophan), enzyme inhibitors/GABAergics (captopril, papaverine, badofen, allopurinol, indomethicin, erythromycin), and peptides (deltorphin, thrombin, cortistatin, amylin, neuromedin B, guanylin, neuropeptide El, enterostatin, dynorphin A, amyloid b-protein, secretin, β-MSH, endothelin-3, GLP-1, GLP-2, TRH, adrenomedullin, BNP-32, ANF, katacalcin, galanin, pancreastatin, PACAP, γ-MSH. urotensin, calcitonin, PTH, CRF, prodynorphin, vasopressin, motilin, valosin, NPY 13-16, NPY 3-36, IL-8, thymosin, C5a, RANTES, GnRH, oxytocin, substance P, VIP, somatostatin, bombesin, b-endorphin. GHRP-6, endothelin-1, ACTH, angiotensin-2, bradykinin, fMLP, neurotensin, glucagon, CGRP, [des-Arg-9]bradykinin, endothelin-2, and gastrin).
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125I-motilin, 10 μl of competing peptide, and 380 to 390 μl of HB. Bound radioligand was separated by rapid vacuum filtration through GF/C grade filters (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) that were pretreated for 1 hour with 0.5% polyethylenimine. After application of the membrane suspension to the filter, the filter was washed three times with 3 ml of ice-cold HB buffer. Radioactivity bound to the filters was quantitated by gamma counting. Specific binding was defined as the difference between total binding and nonspecific binding that occurred in the presence of 100 nM unlabeled human motilin.
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P. Miller et al., ibid. 16, 11 (1995).
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Peptides
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Miller, P.1
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In situ hybridization was performed on 8-μm-thick, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections, with a digoxigenin-labeled complementary RNA probe corresponding to the complete open reading frame of MTL-R1A with tyramide-Texas Red detection, as described [K. Petrukhin et al., Nature Genet. 19, 214 (1998)]. NOS was detected with an antibody and visualized with a fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC)-conjugated secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). Sections were counter-stained for nuclear detection with 4′,6-diamidoino-2 phenylindole (DAPI). Human tissues were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange (Philadelphia, PA).
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(1998)
Nature Genet.
, vol.19
, pp. 214
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Petrukhin, K.1
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0030730922
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A. J. Porter, D. A. Wattchow, S. J. Brookes, M. Costa, Gastroenterology 113, 1916 (1997).
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, pp. 1916
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Porter, A.J.1
Wattchow, D.A.2
Brookes, S.J.3
Costa, M.4
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0344565777
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RNA encoding MTL-R1A was detected by RNase Protection Assay (RPA) (MAXIscript and HybSpeed RPA kits; Ambion. Austin, TX). The anti-sense MTL-R1A probe corresponded to nucleotides 1234 to 1516 of the human MTL-1A with ∼60 nucleotides of vector sequence (pLitmus 28, New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA). Poly(A)+ mRNA from tissues was purchased from Clontech (Palo Alto, CA).
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0345427923
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n, n Leu.
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