메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 284, Issue 5414, 1999, Pages 647-650

Nonproteolytic neuroprotection by human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; KAINIC ACID; ZINC;

EID: 0033597411     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5414.647     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (135)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 0028783948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group, N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 1581 (1995); J. A. Zivin, Drugs 54 (suppl. 3), 83 (1997); M. J. Alberts, Am. J. Cardiol. 28, 29D (1997).
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.333 , pp. 1581
  • 2
    • 0030694565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group, N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 1581 (1995); J. A. Zivin, Drugs 54 (suppl. 3), 83 (1997); M. J. Alberts, Am. J. Cardiol. 28, 29D (1997).
    • (1997) Drugs , vol.54 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 83
    • Zivin, J.A.1
  • 3
    • 0028783948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group, N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 1581 (1995); J. A. Zivin, Drugs 54 (suppl. 3), 83 (1997); M. J. Alberts, Am. J. Cardiol. 28, 29D (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.28
    • Alberts, M.J.1
  • 4
    • 0031951510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. F. Wang et al., Nature Med. 4, 228 (1998); A. D. Rogove and S. E. Tsirka, Curr. Biol. 8, 19 (1998); S. E. Tsirka, A. D. Rogove, T. H. Bugge, J. L. Degen, S. Strickland, J. Neurosci. 17, 543 (1997); S. E. Tsirka, J. Mol. Med. 75, 341 (1997); -, A. D. Rogove, S. Strickland, Nature 384, 123 (1996).
    • (1998) Nature Med. , vol.4 , pp. 228
    • Wang, Y.F.1
  • 5
    • 0031963497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. F. Wang et al., Nature Med. 4, 228 (1998); A. D. Rogove and S. E. Tsirka, Curr. Biol. 8, 19 (1998); S. E. Tsirka, A. D. Rogove, T. H. Bugge, J. L. Degen, S. Strickland, J. Neurosci. 17, 543 (1997); S. E. Tsirka, J. Mol. Med. 75, 341 (1997); -, A. D. Rogove, S. Strickland, Nature 384, 123 (1996).
    • (1998) Curr. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 19
    • Rogove, A.D.1    Tsirka, S.E.2
  • 6
    • 0031021357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. F. Wang et al., Nature Med. 4, 228 (1998); A. D. Rogove and S. E. Tsirka, Curr. Biol. 8, 19 (1998); S. E. Tsirka, A. D. Rogove, T. H. Bugge, J. L. Degen, S. Strickland, J. Neurosci. 17, 543 (1997); S. E. Tsirka, J. Mol. Med. 75, 341 (1997); -, A. D. Rogove, S. Strickland, Nature 384, 123 (1996).
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 543
    • Tsirka, S.E.1    Rogove, A.D.2    Bugge, T.H.3    Degen, J.L.4    Strickland, S.5
  • 7
    • 0030986802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. F. Wang et al., Nature Med. 4, 228 (1998); A. D. Rogove and S. E. Tsirka, Curr. Biol. 8, 19 (1998); S. E. Tsirka, A. D. Rogove, T. H. Bugge, J. L. Degen, S. Strickland, J. Neurosci. 17, 543 (1997); S. E. Tsirka, J. Mol. Med. 75, 341 (1997); -, A. D. Rogove, S. Strickland, Nature 384, 123 (1996).
    • (1997) J. Mol. Med. , vol.75 , pp. 341
    • Tsirka, S.E.1
  • 8
    • 0031951510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. F. Wang et al., Nature Med. 4, 228 (1998); A. D. Rogove and S. E. Tsirka, Curr. Biol. 8, 19 (1998); S. E. Tsirka, A. D. Rogove, T. H. Bugge, J. L. Degen, S. Strickland, J. Neurosci. 17, 543 (1997); S. E. Tsirka, J. Mol. Med. 75, 341 (1997); -, A. D. Rogove, S. Strickland, Nature 384, 123 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.384 , pp. 123
    • Rogove, A.D.1    Strickland, S.2
  • 10
    • 0022620257 scopus 로고
    • S. M. Rothman and J. W. Olney, Ann. Neurol. 19, 105 (1986); D. W. Choi and S. M. Rothman, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 171 (1990).
    • (1986) Ann. Neurol. , vol.19 , pp. 105
    • Rothman, S.M.1    Olney, J.W.2
  • 13
  • 15
    • 0029777299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Y. Koh et al., Science 272, 1013 (1996), S. W. Suh, J. Y. Koh, D. W. Choi, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22, 2101 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1013
    • Koh, J.Y.1
  • 18
    • 0023833925 scopus 로고
    • Y. H. Kim, E. Y. Kim, B. J. Gwag, S. Sohn, J. Y. Koh, Neuroscience 89, 175 (1999); D. W. Choi, M. Yokoyama, J. Koh, ibid. 24, 67 (1988).
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.24 , pp. 67
    • Choi, D.W.1    Yokoyama, M.2    Koh, J.3
  • 19
    • 0344100517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 incubator in MEM until the next day, when the assessment for cell injury was made. Human recombinant tPA (Boehringer Ingelheim and Sigma) was dissolved in distilled water at 1 mg/ml, stored at -70°C, and diluted to final concentrations immediately before use.
  • 20
    • 0023221068 scopus 로고
    • J. Y. Koh and D. W. Choi, J. Neurosci. Methods 20, 83 (1987). In most experiments, overall cell injury was quantitatively assessed by measurement of LDH released by damaged or destroyed cells into the bathing medium 24 hours after exposure to drugs. Each LDH value was scaled to the maximal neuronal LDH release (= 100) after 24 hours of exposure to 300 μM NMDA in sister cultures, where near-complete neuronal death with no glial damage occurs. Numbers greater than 100 usually indicate additional astroglial cell injury.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.20 , pp. 83
    • Koh, J.Y.1    Choi, D.W.2
  • 21
    • 0027536881 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Weiss, D. M. Hartley, J. Y. Koh, D. W. Choi, Neuron 10, 43 (1993); J. Y. Koh and D. W. Choi, Neuroscience 60, 1049 (1994); S. L. Sensi et al., J. Neurosci. 17, 9554 (1997).
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.10 , pp. 43
    • Weiss, J.H.1    Hartley, D.M.2    Koh, J.Y.3    Choi, D.W.4
  • 22
    • 0028343364 scopus 로고
    • J. H. Weiss, D. M. Hartley, J. Y. Koh, D. W. Choi, Neuron 10, 43 (1993); J. Y. Koh and D. W. Choi, Neuroscience 60, 1049 (1994); S. L. Sensi et al., J. Neurosci. 17, 9554 (1997).
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.60 , pp. 1049
    • Koh, J.Y.1    Choi, D.W.2
  • 23
    • 0031466709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. H. Weiss, D. M. Hartley, J. Y. Koh, D. W. Choi, Neuron 10, 43 (1993); J. Y. Koh and D. W. Choi, Neuroscience 60, 1049 (1994); S. L. Sensi et al., J. Neurosci. 17, 9554 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 9554
    • Sensi, S.L.1
  • 24
    • 0023214741 scopus 로고
    • C. J. Frederickson, E. J. Kasarskis, D. Ringo, R. E. Frederickson, J. Neurosci. Methods 20, 91 (1987). After zinc exposure, cultures were washed three times with HBSS and exposed to 4.5 μM TSQ solution. After 90 s, cultures were washed and examined under a fluorescence microscope (excitation 355 to 375 nm, dichroic 380 nm, barrier 520 nm) and photographed.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.20 , pp. 91
    • Frederickson, C.J.1    Kasarskis, E.J.2    Ringo, D.3    Frederickson, R.E.4
  • 26
    • 0029549628 scopus 로고
    • H. S. Chow, J. J. Lynch III, K. Rose, D. W. Choi, Brain Res. 639, 102 (1994); B. J. Gwag et al., Neuroreport 7, 93 (1995).
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 93
    • Gwag, B.J.1
  • 27
    • 0028824798 scopus 로고
    • J. Y. Koh et al., Exp. Neurol. 135, 153 (1995); Y. H. Ahn, Y. H. Kim, S. H. Hong, J. Y. Koh, ibid. 154, 47 (1998).
    • (1995) Exp. Neurol. , vol.135 , pp. 153
    • Koh, J.Y.1
  • 29
    • 0018384650 scopus 로고
    • H. Ohkawa, N. Ohishi, K. Yagi, Anal. Biochem. 95, 351 (1979); L. J. S. Greenlund, T. L. Deckwerth, E. M. Johnson Jr., Neuron 14, 303 (1995). The extent of intracellutar free radical generation was visualized using the fluorescent probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF, Molecular Probes). Cells were incubated for 30 min in the presence of DCF (4 μg/ml) and washed three times with Eagle's MEM (Earle's salts, supplied glutamine-free). Cultured cells were observed and photographed under the fluorescence microscope.
    • (1979) Anal. Biochem. , vol.95 , pp. 351
    • Ohkawa, H.1    Ohishi, N.2    Yagi, K.3
  • 30
    • 0028893492 scopus 로고
    • H. Ohkawa, N. Ohishi, K. Yagi, Anal. Biochem. 95, 351 (1979); L. J. S. Greenlund, T. L. Deckwerth, E. M. Johnson Jr., Neuron 14, 303 (1995). The extent of intracellutar free radical generation was visualized using the fluorescent probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF, Molecular Probes). Cells were incubated for 30 min in the presence of DCF (4 μg/ml) and washed three times with Eagle's MEM (Earle's salts, supplied glutamine-free). Cultured cells were observed and photographed under the fluorescence microscope.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.14 , pp. 303
    • Greenlund, L.J.S.1    Deckwerth, T.L.2    Johnson E.M., Jr.3
  • 33
    • 0025321061 scopus 로고
    • D. Lawrence, L. Strandberg, T. Grundstrom, T. Ny, Eur. J. Biochem. 186, 533 (1989); E. L. Madison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 3530 (1990).
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.87 , pp. 3530
    • Madison, E.L.1
  • 36
    • 0344962829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (250 to 300 g) were used for experiments. The Animal Welfare Guidelines of University of Ulsan College of Medicine were followed. Under stereotactic guidance and halothane anesthesia, one group was injected into lateral ventricles with 3 μl of saline alone (icv saline group, n = 3), and another group with 3 μl of tPA (1 mg/ml) in saline (icv tPA group, n = 3). The final group received injection of tPA (3 mg/kg) into the tail veins (iv tPA group, n = 3). Anesthesia was discontinued immediately after the injections. After 30 min, rats were intraperitoneally injected with kainate (10 mg/kg). Three hours after the kainate injection, seizures were halted by intraperitoneally injecting sodium diphenylhydantoin (50 mg/kg).
  • 39
    • 85088603901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X. Zhang, D. L. Gelowitz, C. T. Lai, A. A. Boulton, P. H. Yu, Eur. J. Neurosci. 9, 760 (1997). Severity of seizures was scored for 3 hours after kainate injection. Staring, freezing, and mouth/facial twitchings were scored as 1, wet dog shakes as 2, forelimb clonus and head nodding as 3, rearing as 4, rearing and falling as 5, and jumping and circling as 6. Scores at various time points after the kainate injections were averaged and compared with one another by two-tailed t tests. No difference in seizure severity was seen between conditions (p > 0.1) (Fig. 4A).
    • (1997) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 760
    • Zhang, X.1    Gelowitz, D.L.2    Lai, C.T.3    Boulton, A.A.4    Yu, P.H.5
  • 40
    • 0345394242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Twenty-four hours after kainate injection, brains were harvested, stained with cresyl violet or acid fuchsin (7), and examined under the microscope. No hemorrhage was seen in any specimen. Neuronal cell death in the hippocampus (CA1-4) was quantified by counting acid fuchsin-positive neurons in three brain sections, 10 μm thick and 800 μm apart, starting at 3.5 mm from bregma. Numbers obtained by two independent evaluators, who were blind to the experimental conditions, were averaged and statistically compared with one another using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test.
  • 42
    • 0344531922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Supported by Creative Research Initiatives of the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology (J.Y.K.).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.