The impact of predation on burrow use by Arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 266, Issue 1433, 1999, Pages 2117-2123

  Karels, Tim J ^a   Boonstra, Rudy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Arctic ground squirrels; Boreal forest; Burrow; Discriminant function analysis; Habitat use; Predation

Indexed keywords

BURROW; HABITAT USE; PREDATION RISK; RODENT;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARCTIC; ARTICLE; CANADA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HARE; MALE; NONHUMAN; PREDATION; PREDATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SQUIRREL; SURVIVAL;

ARCTIC;

ANIMALIA; LEPUS; LEPUS AMERICANUS; RODENTIA; SCIURIDAE; SPERMOPHILUS; SPERMOPHILUS PARRYII; SPERMOPHILUS PARRYII PLESIUS;

EID: 0033595713     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0896     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Areese, P. & Smith, J. N. M. 1988 Effects of population density and supplemental food on reproduction in song sparrows. J. Anim. Ecol. 57, 119-136.
2. Armitage, K. B. 1982 Marmots and coyotes: behavior of prey and predator. J. Mamm. 63, 503-505.
3. Bachman, G. C. 1993 The effect of body condition on the trade-off between vigilance and foraging in Belding's ground squirrels. Anim. Behav. 46, 233-244.
4. Balph, D. M. & Balph, D. F. 1966 Sound communication of Uinta ground squirrels. J. Mamm. 47, 440-450.
5. Batzli, G. O. & Sobaski, S. T. 1980 Distribution, abundance, and foraging patterns of ground squirrels near Atkasook, Alaska. Arctic & Alpine Res. 12, 501-510.
6. Bekoff, M. & Wells, M. C. 1986 Social ecology and behavior of coyotes. Adv. Study Behav. 16, 251-338.
7. Boutin, S. (and 21 others) 1995 Population changes of the vertebrate community during a snowshoe. hare cycle in Canada's borcal forest. Oikos 74,69-80.
8. Brown, J. S., Kotler, B. P., Smith, R. J. & Wirtz, W. O. 1988 The effects of owl predation on the foraging behavior of heteromyid rodents. Oecologia 76, 408-415.
9. Buchner, A., Faul, F. & Erdfelder, E. 1997 G•Power: a priori, post-hoc, and compromise power analyses for the Macintosh. Trier, Germany: University of Trier.
10. Byrom, A. E. 1997 Population ecology of Arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest during the decline and low phases of a snowshoe hare cycle. PhD thesis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
11. Carey, H. V & Moore, P. 1986 Foraging and predation risk in yellow-bellied marmots. Am. Midl. Nat. 116, 267-275.
12. Carl, E. A. 1971 Population control in arctic ground squirrels. Ecology 52, 395-413.
13. Carpenter, S. R., Chisholm, S. W., Krebs, C. J., Schindler, D. W. & Wright, R. F. 1995 Ecosystem experiments. Science 269, 324-327.
14. Cassini, M. H. 1991 Foraging under predation risk in the wild guinea pig Cavia aperea. Oikos 62, 20-24.
15. Cassini, M. H. & Galante, M. L. 1992 Foraging under predation risk in the wild guinea pig: the effect of vegetation height on habitat utilization. Ann. Zool. Fennici 29, 285-290.
16. Cody M. L. 1985 An introduction to habitat selection in birds. In Habitat selection in birds (ed. M. L. Cody), pp. 3-56. New York: Academic Press.
17. Comrey, A. L. 1973 A first course in factor analysis. New York: Academic Press.
18. Dobson, F. S. & Kjelgaard, J. D. 1985 The influence of food resources on life history in Columbian ground squirrels. Can. J. Zool. 63, 2105-2109.
19. Dobson, F. S. & Murie, J. O. 1987 Interpretation intraspecific life history patterns: evidence from Columbian ground squirrels. Am. Nat. 129, 382-397.
20. Doncaster, P. 1992 Testing the role of intraguild predation in regulating hedgehog populations. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B249, 113-117.
21. Gagnon, J., Roth, J., Finzer, B., Hofmann, R., Haycock, K., Simpson, J. & Feldman, D. 1991 SuperANOVA. Berkeley, California: Abacus Concepts. Inc.
22. Hik, D. S. 1995 Does risk of predation influence population dynamics? Evidence from the cyclic decline of snowshoe hares. Wildl. Res. 22, 115-129.
23. Holmes, W. G. 1984 Predation risk and foraging behavior of the hoary marmot in Alaska. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 15, 293-301.
24. Holomuzki, J. R. & Hoyle, J. D. 1990 Effect of predatory fish presence on habitat use and diet movement of the stream amphipod, Gammarus minus. Freshw. Biol. 24, 509-517.
25. Howell, A. H. 1938 Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridac: United States Department of Agriculture. No. 56.
26. Hubbs, A. H. & Boonstra, R. 1997 Population limitation in Arctic ground squirrels: effects of food and predation. J. Anim. Ecol. 66, 527-541.
27. Hubbs, A. H., Karels, T. & Byrom, A. 1996 Tree-climbing by Arctic ground squirrels, Spermophilus parryii, in the south-western Yukon Territory. Can. Field-Nat. 110, 533-534.
28. Karels, T. J., Byrom, A., Boonstra, R. & Krebs, C. J. 1999 The interactive effects of food and predators on reproduction and overwinter survival of Arctic ground squirrels. J. Anim. Ecol. 68. (In the press.)
29. Kotler, B. P., Brown. J. S. & Hasson. O. 1991 Factors affecting gerbil foraging behavior and rates of owl predation. Ecology 72. 2249-2260.
30. Krebs, C. J., Boutin, S., Boonstra, R., Sinclair, A. R. E., Smith, J. N. M., Dale, M. R. T., Martin, K. & Turkington, R. 1995 Impact of food and predation on the snowshoe hare cycle. Science 269, 1112-1115.
31. Lacey, E. A. 1991 Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
32. Lawton, J. H. & Woodroffe, G. L. 1991 Habitat and the distribution of water voles: why are there gaps in a species' range? J. Anim. Ecol. 60, 79-91.
33. Lima, S. L. 1987 Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation. J. Theor. Biol. 124, 303-316.
34. MacHutchon, A. G. & Harestad, A. S. 1990 Vigilance behaviour and use of rocks by Columbian ground squirrels. Gan. J. Zool. 68, 428-1432.
35. McInvaille, W. B. J. & Keith, L. B. 1974 Predator prey relations and breeding biology of the great horned owl and red-failed hawk in central Alberta. Can. Field-Nat. 88, 1-20.
36. Murray, D. L., Boutin, S., O'Donoghue, M. & Nams, V.O. 1995 Hunting behaviour of a sympatric felid and canid in relation to vegetative cover. Anim. Behav. 50, 1203-1210.
37. O'Donoghue, M., Boutin, S., Krebs, C. J., Murray, D. L. & Hofer, E. J. 1998 Behavioural responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle. Oikos 82, 169-183.
38. Ortega, J. C. 1987 Den site selection by the rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) in southeastern Arizona. J. Mamm. 68, 792-798.
39. Rhodes, D. H. & Richmond, M. E. 1985 Influence of soil texture, moisture and temperature on nest-site selection and burrowing by the pine vole. Microtus pinetorum. Am. Midl. Nat. 113, 102-108.
40. Rodenhouse, N. L., Sherry, T. W. & Holmes, R. T. 1997 Site-dependent regulation of population size: a new synthesis. Ecology 78; 2025-2042.
41. Rohner, C. & Krebs, C. J. 1996 Owl predation on snowshoe hares: consequences of antipredator behaviour. Oecologia 108, 303-310.
42. Roth, J., Haycock, K., Gagnon, J., Soper, C. & Caldaroda, J. 1994 Statview. Berkeley, CA: Abacus Concepts, Inc.
43. Schooley, R. L., Sharpe, P. B. & Van Horne. B. 1995 Can shrub cover increase predation risk for a desert rodent? Can. J. Zool. 74,157-163.
44. Sharpe, P. B. & VanHorne, B. 1998 Influence of habitat on behavior of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii). J. Mamm. 79, 906-918.
45. Shaw. W. T. 1925 The seasonal differences of North and South slopes in controlling the activities of the Columbian ground squirrel. Ecology 6, 157-162.
46. Shaw, W. T. 1926 Age of the animal and slope of the ground surface, factors modifying the structure of hibernation dens of ground squirrels. J. Mamm. 7, 91-96.
47. Sherman, P. W. 1985. Alarm calls of Belding's ground squirrels to aerial predators; nepotism or self-preservation? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 17, 313-323.
48. Slade, N. A. & Balph, D. F. 1074 Population ecology of Uinta ground squirrels. Ecology 55, 989-1003.
49. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 1995 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman & Co.
50. Statsoft 1994 Statistica™ for the Macintosh. Tulsa, OK: Statsoft.
51. Svendsen, G. E. 1976 Structure and location of burrows of yellow-bellied marmot. The Southwest. Nat. 20, 487-494.
52. Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. 1996 Using multivariate statistics, 3rd edn. New York: HarperCollins.
53. Travis. S. E. & Armitage, K. B. 1972 Some quantitative aspects of the behavior of marmots. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 75, 308-321.
54. Tyser, R. W. 1980 Use of substrate for surveillance behaviors in a community of talus slope mammals. Am. Midl. Nat. 104, 33-38.
55. Wecker, S. C. 1963 The role of early experience in habitat selection by the prairie deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi. Ecol. Monogr. 4, 13-25.
56. Wiehn, J. & Korpimäki, E. 1997 Food limitation on brood size: experimental evidence in the Eurasian kestrel. Ecology 78, 2043-2050.
57. Yoccoz, N. G. 1990 Use, overuse, and misuse of significant tests in evolutionary biology and ecology. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 72, 106-111.
58. Zar, J. H. 1984 Biostatistical analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.