Population limitation in Arctic ground squirrels: Effects of food and predation

Journal of Animal Ecology

Volumn 66, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 527-541

  Hubbs, Anne H ^a,b   Boonstra, Rudy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Population cycles; Population limitation; Predator switching; Weather; Yukon

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC GROUND SQUIRREL; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION LIMITATION; PREDATOR EXCLUSION; SNOWSHOE HARE;

CANADA; YUKON;

AVES; GALLIFORMES; LEPUS; LEPUS AMERICANUS; MAMMALIA; SCIURIDAE; SPERMOPHILUS; SPERMOPHILUS PARRYII; SPERMOPHILUS PARRYII PLESIUS;

EID: 0030738866     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/5947     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abacus Concepts (1994) Survival Analysis Statistic for Statsview. Abacus Concepts Inc., Berkeley, CA.
2. Adamcik, R.S., Todd, A.W. & Keith, L.B. (1979) Demographic and dietary responses of red-tailed hawks during a snowshoe hare fluctuation, Canadian Field-Naturalist, 93, 16-27.
3. Agresti, A. (1990) Categorical Data Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
4. Angelstam, P., Lindstöm, E. & Widen, P. (1984) Role of predation in short-term population fluctuations of some birds and mammals in Fennoscandia. Oecologia, 62 199-208.
5. Banfield, A.W.F. (1974) The Mammals of Canada. National Museum of Canada and University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.
6. Batzli, G.O. & Sobaski, S.T. (1980) Distribution, abundance, and foraging patterns of ground squirrels near Atkasook, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research, 12, 501-510.
7. Blokpoel, H. & Tessier, G.D. (1984) Overhead wires and monofilament lines exclude ring-billed gulls from public places. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 12, 55-58.
8. Boonstra, R. & Craine, I.M.T. (1986) Natal nest location and small mammal tracking with a spool-and-line technique. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1034-1036.
9. Boutin, S. (1990) Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns, problems, and the future. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 203-220.
10. Boutin, S., C.J. Krebs, R. Boonstra et al. (1995) Population changes of the vertebrate community during a snowshoe hare cycle in Canada's boreal forest. Oikos, 74, 69-80.
11. Boutin, S., Krebs, C.J., Sinclair, A.R.E. & Smith, J.N.M. (1986) Proximate causes of losses in a snowshoe hare population. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 606-610.
12. Carl, E.A. (1971) Population control in arctic ground squirrels. Ecology, 52, 395-413.
13. Clutton-Brock, T.H., Albon, S.D. & Guinness, F.E. (1987) Interactions between population density and maternal characteristics affecting fecundity and juvenile survival in red deer. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, 857-871.
14. Collett, D. (1994) Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. Chapman &Hall, London.
15. Day, R.W. & Quinn, G.P. (1989) Comparisons of treatment after an analysis of variance in ecology. Ecological Monographs, 59, 433-463.
16. Desy, E.A. & Batzli, G.O. (1989) Experimental studies of vole populations: effects of food and predation on demography of prairie voles. Ecology, 70, 411-421.
17. Dobson, F.S. & Kjelgaard, J.D. (1985a) The influence of food resources on life history in Columbian ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2105-2109.
18. Dobson, F.S. & Kjelgaard, J.D. (1985b) The influence of food resources on population dynamics in Columbian ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2095-2104.
19. Erlien, D.A. & Tester, J.R. (1984) Population ecology of sciurids in northwestern Minnesota. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 98, 1-6.
20. Ford, R.G. & Pitelka, F.A. (1984) Resource limitation in populations of the California vole. Ecology, 65, 122-136.
21. Gagnon, J., Roth, J.M., Carroll, M., Hofmann, R., Haycock, K.A., Plamondon, J., Feldman Jr., D.S. & Simpson, J. (1990) SuperANOVA - Accessible General Linear Modeling. Abacus Concepts, Inc., Berkely, California.
22. Gilbert, N. (1989) Biometrical Interpretation: Making Sense of Statistics in Biology. Oxford Scientific Publications, Oxford.
23. Green, J.E. (1977) Population regulation and annual cycles in the Arctic ground squirrel. MSc thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
24. Hörnfeldt, B. (1978) Synchronous population fluctuations in voles, small game, owls, and tularemia in northern Sweden, Oecologia, 32, 145-164.
25. Keith, L.B. (1990) Dynamics of snowshoe hare populations. Current Mammalogy, 2, 119-195.
26. Keith, L.B. & Cary, J.R. (1991) Mustelid, squirrel, and porcupine population trends during a snowshoe hare cycle. Journal of Mammalogy, 72, 373-378.
27. Klenner, W. & Krebs, C.J. (1991) Red squirrel population dynamics. I. The effect of supplemental food on demography. Journal of Animal Ecology, 60, 961-978.
28. Korpimäki, E. & Norrdahl, K. (1989) Predation of Tengmalm's owls: numerical, functional responses and dampening impact on population fluctuations of microtines. Oikos, 54, 154-164.
29. Krebs, C.J. & Boonstra, R. (1984) Trappability estimates for mark-recapture data. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 2440-2444.
30. Krebs, C.J., Boonstra, R., Boutin, S.A., Dale, M.R.T., Hannon, S.J., Martin, K., Sinclair, A.R.E., Turkington, R. & Smith, J.N.M. (1992) What drives the snowshoe hare cycle in Canada's Yukon? Wildlife 2001: Populations (eds D. McCullough & R. Barren), pp. 886-896. Elsevier, London.
31. Krebs, C.J., Boutin, S.A., Boonstra, R., Sinclair, A.R.E., Smith, J.N.M, Dale, M.R.T., Martin, K. & Turkington, R. (1995) Impact of food and predation on the snowshoe hare cycle. Science, 269, 1112-1115.
32. Lacey, E.A. (1991) Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
33. Marcström, V., Engren, E. & Kenward, R.E. (1988) The impact of predation on boreal tetranoids during vole cycles: an experimental study. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57, 859-872.
34. Marcström, V. Keith, L.B., Engren, E. & Cary, J.R. (1989) Demographic responses of Arctic hares (Lepus timidus) to experimental reductions of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and martens (Martes martes). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 658-668.
35. McLean, I.G. (1981) Social ecology of the Arctic ground squirrel Spermophilus parryii, PhD thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
36. McNamara, J.M. & Houston, A.I. (1987) Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology, 68, 1515-1519.
37. Messier, F. & Crête, M. (1985) Moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations. Oecologia, 65, 503-512.
38. Mitchell, P., Arthur, W. & Farrow, M. (1992) An investigation of population regulation using factorial models. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 591-598.
39. Morton, M.L. & Sherman, P.W. (1978) Effects of a spring snowstorm on behavior, reproduction and survival of Belding's ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 2578-2590.
40. Murie, J.O. & Boag, D.A. (1984) The relationship of body weight to overwinter survival in Columbian ground squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy, 65, 688-690.
41. O'Donoghue, M. & Krebs, C.J. (1992) Effects of sup plemental food on snowshoe hare reproduction and juvenile growth at a cyclic population peak. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 631-641.
42. Otis, D.L., Burnham, K.P., White, G.C. & Anderson, D.R. (1978) Statistical inference for capture data from closed populations. Wildlife Monographs, 62, 1-135.
43. Phillips, J.A. (1984) Environmental influences on reproduction in the golden-mantled ground squirrel. The Biology of Ground-Dwelling Squirrels (eds J. O. Murie & G. Michener), pp. 108-124. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska.
44. Pollock, K.H., Winterstein, S.R., Bunck, C.M. & Curtis, P.D. (1989) Survival analysis in telemetry studies: the staggered entry design. Journal of Wildlife Management, 53, 7-15.
45. SAS Institute Inc. (1994) JMP Statistics and Graphics Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
46. Sih, A., Crowley, P., McPeek, M., Petranka, J. & Strohmeier, K. (1985) Predation, competition and prey communities: a review of field experiments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16, 269-311.
47. Sinclair, A.R.E. (1989) Population regulation in animals. Ecological Concepts (ed. J. M. Cherrett), pp. 197-241. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
48. Sinclair, A.R.E. & Pech, R.P. (1996) Density dependence, stochasticity, compensation and predator regulation. Oikos, 75, 164-173.
49. Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1981) Biometry. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
50. Statistical Sciences Inc. (1993) S-Plus. Windows Version 3·2 supplement. Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
51. Stuart-Smith, A.K. & Boutin, S. (1995) Predation on red squirrels during a snowshoe hare decline. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73, 713-722.
52. Sullivan, T.P. (1990) Responses of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)populations to supplemental food. Journal of Mammalogy, 71, 579-590.
53. Sullivan, T.P., Sullivan, D.S. & Krebs, C.J. (1983) Demographic responses of a chipmunk (Eutamias townsendii) population with supplemental food. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 743-755.
54. Taitt, M.J. & Krebs, C.J. (1981) The effect of extra food on small rodent populations. II. Voles (Microtus townsendii). Journal of Animal Ecology, 50, 125-137.
55. Taitt, M.J. & Krebs, C.J. (1983) Predation, cover, and food manipulations during a spring decline of Microtus town-sendii. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 837-848.
56. Tilman, D. (1989) Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems. Long-Term Studies in Ecology (ed. G. E. Likens), pp. 136-157. Springer-Verlag, New York.
57. Waterman, J.M. (1986) Behaviour and use of space by juvenile Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1121-1127.
58. Watson, A. & Moss, R. (1970) Dominance, spacing behavior, and aggression in relation to population limitation in vertebrates. Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources (ed. A. Watson), pp. 167-220. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
59. Wauters, L. & Dhondt, A.A. (1989) Body weight, longevity and reproductive success in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Journal of Animal Ecology, 58, 637-651.
60. Winer, B.J. (1971) Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
61. Zar, J.H. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N