The role of brain cytokines in mediating the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of intracerebral Mycoplasma fermentans

Brain Research

Volumn 829, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 28-38

  Yirmiya, Raz ^a   Weidenfeld, Joseph ^b   Barak, Ohr ^a   Avitsur, Ronit ^a   Pollak, Yehuda ^a   Gallily, Ruth ^c   Wohlman, Avital ^b   Ovadia, Haim ^b   Ben Hur, Tamir ^b  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^b HADASSAH HEBREW UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

AIDS; Brain; Corticosterone; Cytokine; IL 1ra; Interleukin 1; Mycoplasma fermentans; Pentoxifylline; Rolipram; Sickness behavior; TNF

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADRENAL CORTEX; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS; NEUROENDOCRINE DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT;

ADRENAL CORTEX; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BRAIN; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; INTERLEUKIN-1; MALE; MYCOPLASMA FERMENTANS; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS; PYRROLIDINONES; RATS; RATS, INBRED F344; ROLIPRAM; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 0033594742     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01274-3     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Angel J.B., Saget B.M., Walsh S.P., Greten T.F., Dinarello C.A., Skolnik P.R., Endres S. Rolipram, a specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. AIDS. 9:1995;1137-1144.
2. Atkinson J.H., Grant I. Natural history of neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV disease. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 17:1994;17-33.
3. Aukrust P., Liabakk N.B., Muller F., Lien E., Espevil T., Froland S.S. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and soluble TNF receptors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection - correlations to clinical, immunologic, and virologic parameters. J. Infect. Dis. 169:1994;420-424.
4. Avitsur R., Pollak Y., Yirmiya R. Different receptor mechanisms mediate the effects of endotoxin and interleukin-1 on female sexual behavior. Brain Res. 773:1997;149-161.
5. Azar S.T., Melby J.C. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in non-AIDS patients with advanced HIV infection. Am. J. Med. Sci. 305:1993;321-325.
6. Besedovsky H.O., del-Rey A. Immune-neuroendocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses. Endocr. Rev. 17:1996;64-102.
7. Biglino A., Limone P., Forno B., Pollono A., Cariti G., Molinatti G.M., Gioannini P. Altered adrenocorticotropin and cortisol response to corticotropin-releasing hormone in HIV-infection. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 133:1995;173-179.
8. Blanchard A., Montagnier L. AIDS-associated mycoplasmas. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48:1994;687-712.
9. Bluthe R.M., Dantzer R., Kelley K.W. Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in rats. Brain Res. 573:1992;318-320.
10. Bluthe R.M., Beaudu C., Kelley K.W., Dantzer R. Differential effects of IL-1ra on sickness behavior and weight loss induced by IL-1 in rats. Brain Res. 677:1995;171-176.
11. Bluthe R.M., Pawlowski M., Suarez S., Parnet P., Pittman Q., Kelley K.W., Dantzer R. Synergy between tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in the induction of sickness behavior in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 19:1994;197-207.
12. Breder C.D., Hazuka C., Ghayur T., Klug C., Huginin M., Yasuda K., Teng M., Saper C. Regional induction of tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the mouse brain after systemic lipopolysaccharide administration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;11393-11397.
13. Brenner T., Yamin A., Abramsky O., Gallily R. Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-α production by mycoplasmas and inhibition by dexamethasone in cultured astrocytes. Brain Res. 608:1993;273-279.
14. Breuille D., Farge M.C., Rose F., Arnel M., Attaix D., Obled C. Pentoxifylline decreases body weight loss and muscle protein wasting characteristics of sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. 265:1993;E660-E666.
15. Chirgwin J.M., Pryzbyla A.E., McDonald R.S., Rutter W.S. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonucleases. Biochemistry. 18:1979;5294-5299.
16. Cole B.C., Atkin C.L. The Mycoplasma arthritidis T-cell mitogen, MAM: a model superantigen. Immunol. Today. 12:1991;271-276.
17. R. Dantzer, R.M. Bluthe, A. Auber, G. Goodall, J.L. Bret-Dibat, S. Kent, E. Goujon, S. Laye, P. Parnet, K.W. Kelley, Cytokine actions on behavior, in: N.J. Rothwell (Ed.), Cytokines in the Nervous System, R.G. Landes and Chapman & Hall, New York, 1996, pp. 117-144.
18. Dunn A.J. The role of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the neurochemical and neuroendocrine responses to endotoxin. Brain Res. Bull. 29(6):1992;807-812.
19. Dunn A.J., Chapman Y., Antoon M. Endotoxin-induced behavioral changes of mice in the multicompartment chamber are distinct from those of interleukin-1. Neurosci. Res. Commun. 10:1992;63-69.
20. Ebisui O., Fukata J., Murakami N., Kobayashi H., Segawa H., Muro S., Hanaoka I., Naito Y., Masui Y., Ohmoto Y., Imura H., Nakao K. Effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist and antiserum to TNF-alpha on LPS-induced plasma ACTH and corticosterone rise in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 266:1994;E986-E992.
21. Fantuzzi G., Sacco S., Ghezzi P., Dinarello C.A. Physiological and cytokine responses in IL-1 beta-deficient mice after zymosan-induced inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. 273:1997;R400-R406.
22. Fazely F., Dezube B.J., Allen-Ryan J., Pardee A.B., Rupercht R.M. Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cultured T-cells. Blood. 77:1991;1653-1656.
23. Gahring L.C., Carlson N.G., Kulmer R.A., Rogers S.W. Neuronal expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the murine brain. Neuroimmunomodulation. 3:1996;289-303.
24. Gallily R., Salman M., Tarshish M., Rottem S. Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) induces TNFα and IL-1 production by human monocytes and murine macrophages. Immunol Lett. 34:1992;27-30.
25. Gatti S., Bartfai T. Induction of tumor necrosis factor-α in the brain after peripheral endotoxin treatment: comparison with interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. Brain Res. 624:1993;291-294.
26. Goujon E., Parnet P., Laye S., Combe C., Kelley K.W., Damtzer R. Stress downregulates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the spleen, pituitary and brain of mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 9:1995;292-303.
27. Hart B.L. Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 12:1988;123-137.
28. Haslett P., Hampstead M., Seidman C., Diakun J., Vasquez D., Freedman V.H., Kaplan G. The metabolic and immunologic effects of short term thalidomide treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 13:1997;1047-1054.
29. Hopkins S.J., Rothwell N.J. Cytokines and the nervous system: I. Expression and recognition. Trends Neurosci. 18:1995;83-88.
30. Imeri L., Opp M.R., Krueger J.M. An IL-1 receptor and an IL-1 receptor antagonist attenuate muramyl dipeptide- and IL-1-induced sleep and fever. Am. J. Physiol. 265:1993;R907-R913.
31. Johnson J.G., Williams J.B.W., Rabkin J.G., Goetz R.R., Remien R.H. Axis I psychiatric symptoms associated with HIV infection and personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 152:1995;551-554.
32. Kent S., Bluthe R.M., Kelley K.W., Dantzer R. Sickness behavior as a new target for drug development. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13:1992;24-28.
33. Klausner J.D., Makonkawkeyoon S., Akarasewi P., Nakata K., Kasinrerk W., Corral L., Dewar R.L., Lane H.C., Freedman V.H., Kaplan G. The effect of thalidomide on the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and M. tuberculosis infection. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 11:1996;247-257.
34. Kimble R.B., Matayoshi A.B., Vannice J.L., Kung V.T., Willioams C., Pacifici R. Simultaneous block of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor is required to completely prevent bone loss in the early post-ovariectomy period. Endocrinology. 136:1995;3054-3061.
35. Lang C.H., Cooney R., Vary T.C. Central interleukin-1 partially mediates endotoxin-induced changes in glucose metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. 271:1996;E309-E316.
36. Laviano A., Renvuyle T., Meguid M.M., Cangiano C., Rossi-Fanelli F. Relationship between interleukin-1 and cancer anorexia. Nutrition. 11:1995;680-683.
37. Laye S., Parnet P., Goujon E., Dantzer R. Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of cytokine transcripts in the brain and the pituitary of mice. Mol. Brain Res. 27:1994;157-162.
38. Lo S.C., Dawson M.S., Wong D.M., Newton P.B., Sonoda M.A., Engler W., Wang R.Y.H., Shih J.W.K., Alter H.J., Wear D.J. Identification of Mycoplasma incognitus infection in patients with AIDS: an immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization and ultrastructural study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 41:1989;601-616.
39. Lo S.C., Wear D.J., Shih J.W., Wang R.Y., Newton P.B., Rodriguez J.F. Fatal systemic infections of non-human primates by Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain). Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:1993;S283-S288.
40. Lortholary O., Christeff N., Casassus P., Thobie N., Veyssier P., Trogoff B., Torri O., Brauner M., Nunez E.A., Guillevin L. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function in human immunodeficiency virus infected men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:1996;791-796.
41. Maier S.F., Watkins L.R. Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bi-directional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychiatry Rev. 1501(1):1998;83-107.
42. Maier S.F., Wiertelak E.P., Martin D., Watkins L.R. Interleukin-1 mediates the behavioral hyperalgesia produced by lithium chloride and endotoxin. Brain Res. 623:1993;321-324.
43. Morrow L.E., McClellan J.L., Conn C.A., Kluger M.J. Glucocorticoids alter fever and IL-6 responses to psychological stress and to lipopolysaccharide. Am. J. Physiol. 264:1993;R1010-R1016.
44. Muhlradt P.F., Frisch M. Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a Mycoplasma fermentans-derived substance that activates macrophages to release nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6. Infect. Immun. 62:1994;3801-3807.
45. Muhlradt P.F., Schade U. MDHM, a macrophage-stimulatory product of Mycoplasma fermentans, leads to in vitro interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin production and is pyrogenic in rabbits. Infect. Immun. 59:1991;3969-3974.
46. Nathanson N., Cook D.G., Kolson D.L., Gonzalez-Scarano F. Pathogenesis of HIV encephalopathy. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 724:1994;87-106.
47. Navia B.A., Jordan B.D., Price R.W. The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann. Neurol. 19:1986;525-535.
48. Poli G., Kinter A., Justement J.S.et al. Tumor necrosis factor a functions in an autocrine manner in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;782-785.
49. Ruuth E., Praz F. Interactions between mycoplasmas and the immune system. Immun. Rev. 112:1989;133-160.
50. Schobitz B., de Kloet E.R., Holsboer F. Gene expression and function of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 44:1994;397-432.
51. Schotanus K., Tilders F.J., Berkenbosch F. Human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents adrenocorticotropin, but not interleukin-6 responses to bacterial endotoxin in rats. Endocrinology. 133:1993;2461-2468.
52. Seilhean D., Kobayashi K., He Y., Uchihara T., Rosenblum O., Katlama C., Bricaire F., Duyckaerts C., Hauw J.J. Tumor necrosis factor-α, microglia and astrocytes in AIDS dementia complex. Acta Neuropathol. 93:1997;508-517.
53. Smith B.K., Kluger M.J. Anti-TNF-alpha antibodies normalized body temperature and enhanced food intake in tumor-bearing rats. Am. J. Physiol. 265:1993;R615-R619.
54. Swain M.G., Aplleyard C.B., Wallace J.L., Maric M. TNF-alpha facilitates inflammation-induced glucocorticoid secretion in rats with biliary obstruction. J. Hepatol. 26:1997;361-368.
55. Thomas P.S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 71:1980;5201-5205.
56. Tilders F.J.H., DeRijk R.H., Van Dam A.M., Vincent V.A.M., Schotanus K., Persoons J.H.A. Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by bacterial endotoxins: routes and intermediate signals. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 19:1994;209-232.
57. Turnbull A.V., Pitossi F.J., Lebrun J.J., Lee S., Meltzer J.C., Nance D.M., del-Rey A., Besedovsky H.O., Rivier C. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha action within the CNS markedly reduces the plasma adrenocorticotropin response to peripheral local inflammation in rats. J. Neurosci. 17(9):1997;3262-3273.
58. Van der Meer M.J.M., Fred Sweep C.G.J., Pesman G.J., Borm G.F., Hermus A.R.M.M. Synergism between IL-1β and TNF-α on the activity of the pituitary-adrenal axis and on food intake in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 268:1995;E551-E557.
59. Verghese M.W., McConnell R.T., Strickland A.B., Gooding R.C., Stimpson S.A., Yarnall D.P., Taylor D., Furdon P.J. Differential regulation of human monocyte-derived TNFα and IL-1β by type IV cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibitors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 272:1995;1313-1320.
60. Watkins L.R., Maier S.F., Goehler L.E. Cytokine-to-brain communication: a review and analysis of alternative mechanisms. Life Sci. 57:1995;1011-1026.
61. Weidenfeld J., Corcos A.P., Wohlman A., Feldman S. Characterization of the 2-deoxyglucose effect on the adrenocortical axis. Endocrinology. 134:1994;1924-1931.
62. Weidenfeld J., Wohlman A., Gallily R. Mycoplasma fermentans activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat. NeuroReport. 6:1995;910-912.
63. Weinroth S.E., Parenti D.M., Simon G.L. Wasting syndrome in AIDS: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Infect. Agents Dis. 4:1995;76-94.
64. Williams M.H., Brostoff J., Roitt I.M. Possible role of Mycoplasma fermentans in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2:1970;277-280.
65. Wohlman A., Gallily R., Yirmiya R., Weidenfeld J. Characterization of the effect of Mycoplasma fermentans on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neuroendocrinology. 66:1997;221-228.
66. Yirmiya R. Endotoxin produces a depressive-like syndrome in rats. Brain Res. 711:1996;163-174.
67. Yirmiya R. Behavioral and psychological effects of immune activation: implications for 'depression due to a general medical condition'. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 10:1997;470-476.
68. Yirmiya R., Rosen H., Donchin O., Ovadia H. Behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in rats: involvement of endogenous opioids. Brain Res. 648:1994;80-86.
69. Yirmiya R., Barak O., Avitsur R., Gallily R., Weidenfeld J. Inracerebral administration of Mycoplasma fermentans produces sickness behavior: role of prostaglandins. Brain Res. 749:1997;71-81.