Instabitity of magma flow from volatile-dependent viscosity

Science

Volumn 285, Issue 5435, 1999, Pages 1883-1885

  Wylie, Jonathan J ^a   Voight, Barry ^b,c   Whitehead, J A ^a  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLOW PATTERN; MAGMA CHEMISTRY; VISCOSITY; VOLATILE ELEMENT;

AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ARTICLE; FLOW RATE; FORECASTING; NONBIOLOGICAL MODEL; OSCILLATION; PARAMETER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEADY STATE; TIME; VISCOELASTICITY; VISCOSITY; VOLCANO; YOUNG MODULUS;

EID: 0033578672     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5435.1883     Document Type: Article

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19. A time derivative is required in the equation for volatiles, because volatiles require time to diffuse to a bubble nucleation site (14). Our model does not explicitly include the pressure dependence of volatiles, because we have aimed at the simplest possible model; pressure dependence could be added to a model of increased complexity.
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22. Equations 6 to 36 of D. L. Turcotte and G. Schubert [Geodynamics Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems (Wiley, New York, 1982)].
23. The pressure inside a thick-walled cylinder is given by combining Eqs. 16-8 and 16-11 of E. P. Popov [Mechanics of Materials (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1952)]. These relations reduce to Eq. 3.
24. 0 is the viscosity of the magma with its initial volatile content.
25. 1)/dv. In table 19 of (13), three models have β ranging from 3.8 to 7.5; their average, β = 5.6, is used here.
26. The extrusion rate on Montserrat was estimated from repeated surveys of lava dome and fragmented deposit volumes. Measurement frequency did not enable short-term discrimination of flow rates [R. S. J. Sparks et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3421 (1998)].
27. We thank two anonymous referees for comments. B.V. thanks colleagues at Montserrat Volcano Observatory and U.S. Geological Survey for assistance in field operations. We acknowledge support from NSF.