The role of the Indonesian Throughflow in equatorial Pacific thermocline ventilation

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 104, Issue C9, 1999, Pages 20551-20570

  Rodgers, Keith B ^a,c   Cane, Mark A ^a   Naik, Naomi H ^a   Schrag, Daniel P ^b  

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION MODELING; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE; THROUGHFLOW;

(EQUATORIAL); INDONESIA; PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033567598     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900094     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Blanke, B., and S. Raynaud, Kinematics of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent: An Eulerian and Lagrangian approach from GCM results, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1038-1053, 1997.
2. Broecker, W.S., S. Sutherland, W. Smethie, T.-H. Peng, and G. Ostlund, Oceanic radiocarbon: separation of the natural and bomb components, Global Biogeoch. Cycles, 9, 263-288, 1995.
3. Clement, A.C., R. Seager, M.A. Cane, and S.E. Zebiak, An ocean dynamical thermostat, J. Clim., 9, 2190-2196, 1996.
4. daSilva, A., C. Young, and S. Levitus, Atlas of surface marine data 1994, vol. 1, Algorithms and procedures, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, U.S. Dep. of Commer., Washington, D.C., 1994.
5. Deser, C., M.A. Alexander, and M.S. Timlin, Upper-ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991, J. Clim., 9, 1840-1855, 1996.
6. Druffel, E., Radiocarbon in annual coral rings from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 59-62, 1981.
7. Druffel, E., Bomb radiocarbon in the Pacific, J. Mar. Res., 19, 35-46, 1987.
8. Ffield, A., and A.L. Gordon, Vertical mixing in the Indonesian thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 184-195, 1992.
9. Fieux, M., C. Andrie, P. Delacluse, A.G. Ilahude, A. Kartavseff, F. Mantisi, R. Molcard, and J.C. Swallow, Measurements within the Pacific-Indian Oceans Throughflow region, Deep Sea Res., Part 1, 41, 1091-1130, 1994.
10. Fieux, M., R. Molcard, and A.G. Ilahude, Geostrophic transport of the Pacific-Indian Oceans throughflow, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,421-12,432, 1996.
11. Fine, R.A., Direct evidence using Tritium data for throughflow from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean, Nature, 315, 478-480, 1985.
12. Gent, P. R., and M. A. Cane, A reduced gravity, primitive equation model of the upper equatorial ocean, J. Comput. Phys., 81, 444-480, 1989.
13. Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155, 1990.
14. Gouriou, Y., and J. M. Toole, Mean circulation of the upper layers of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,495-22,520, 1993.
15. Godfrey, J.S., A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the World Ocean allowing for Island Circulations, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 45, 89-112, 1989.
16. Godfrey, J.S., The effect of the Indonesian throughflow on ocean circulation and heat exchange with the atmosphere: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,217-12,237, 1996.
17. Gordon, A.L., Interocean exchange of thermocline water, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5037-5046, 1986.
18. Gordon, A.L., When is appearance reality? A comment on Why Does the Indonesian Throughflow Appear to Originate from the North Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1560-1570, 1995.
19. Griffies, S.M., The Gent-McWilliams skew-flux, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 831-841, 1998.
20. Griffies, S.M., A. Gnanadesikan, R.C. Pacanowski, V.D. Larichev, J.K. Dukowicz, and R.D. Smith, Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 805-830, 1998.
21. Gu, D., and S.G.H. Philander, Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and the extratropics, Science, 275, 805-807, 1997.
22. Han, Y., A numerical world ocean general circulation model, II, A Baroclinic Experiment, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 8, 141-172, 1984.
23. Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, Normal monthly wind stress over the World Ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1104, 1983.
24. Hirst, A. C., and J. S. Godfrey, The role of Indonesian throughflow in a global Ocean GCM, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1057-1086, 1993.
25. Jenkins, W.J., The exchange and upwelling of subtropical waters in the Tropical Pacific (abstract), EOS Trans AGU, 77(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., 359, 1996.
26. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 3, Salinity, 99 pp., U.S. Dep. of Commer., Washington, D. C., 1994.
27. Levitus, S., and T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 4, Temperature, 117 pp., U.S. Dep. of Commer., Washington, D. C., 1994.
28. Liu, Z., and B. Huang, Why is there a tritium maximum in the Central Equatorial Pacific thermocline?, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1527-1533, 1998.
29. Liu, Z., and S. G. H. Philander, How different wind stress patterns affect the tropical-subtropical circulations in the upper ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 449-462, 1995.
30. Liu, Z., S. G. H. Philander, and R. C. Pacanowski, A GCM study of tropical-subtropical upper-ocean water exchange, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2606-2623, 1994.
31. Lu, P., and J.P. McCreary, Influence of the ITCZ on the flow of thermocline water from the subtropical to the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 3076-3088, 1995.
32. Lu, P., J.P. McCreary, and B.A. Klinger, Meridional circulation cells and the source waters of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 62-84, 1998.
33. McCreary, J.P., and P. Lu. Interaction between the subtropical and the equatorial ocean circulations: The subtropical cell, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 466-497, 1994.
34. Murray, S.P., S.P., E. Lindstrom, J. Kindle, and E. Weeks, Transport through Vitiaz Strait, WOCE Notes, 7(1), 21-23, 1995.
35. Naik, N., M. A. Cane, S. Basin, and M. Israeli, A solver for the barotropic mode in the presence of variable topography and islands, Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 817-832, 1995.
36. Pacanowski, R.C., and S.G. Philander, Parameterization of vertical mixing in numerical models of the tropical oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1531, 1981.
37. 14C distribution, J. Mar. Res., 41, 769-793, 1983.
38. Redi, M.H., Oceanic isopycnal mixing by coordinate rotation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1154-1158, 1982.
39. Rothstein, L.M., R.H. Zhang, A.J. Busalacchi, and D. Chen, A numerical simulation of the mean water pathways in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 322-343, 1998.
40. Seager, R., B. Blumenthal, and Y. Kushnir, An advective atmospheric mixed layer model for ocean modeling purposes: Global simulation of surface heat fluxes, J. Clim., 8, 1951-1964, 1995.
41. Shriver, J.F., and H.E. Hurlburt, The contribution of the global thermohaline circulation to the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow via Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5491-5511, 1997.
42. Toggweiler, J. R., K. Dixon, and W. S. Broecker, The Peru upwelling and the ventilation of the South Pacific thermocline, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,467-20,497, 1991.
43. Tsuchiya, M., R. Lukas, R. A. Fine, E. Firing, and E. Lindstrom, Source waters of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 101-147, 1989.
44. Warner, M., J. Bullister, D. Wisegarves, R. Gammon, and R. Weiss, Basin-wide distributions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the North Pacific: 1985-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,525-22,542, 1996.
45. Wyrtki, K., An estimate of equatorial upwelling in the Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1205-1214, 1981.
46. Zebiak, S.E., and M.A. Cane, Natural climate variability in a coupled model, in Workshop on Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations, edited by M.E. Schlesinger, pp. 457-470, Elsevier, New York, 1991.
47. Zhang, R.-H., L.M. Rothstein, and A.J. Busalacchi, Origin of upper-ocean warming and El Nino changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Nature, 391, 879-883, 1998.