메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 14, 1999, Pages 5875-5888

Supralinear summation of synaptic inputs by an invertebrate neuron: Dendritic gain is mediated by an 'inward rectifier' K+ current

Author keywords

Dendritic processing; Inward rectifier; Leech; Model; Supralinear summation; Synaptic inputs

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMIC ACID; POTASSIUM ION;

EID: 0033565716     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-14-05875.1999     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0032554831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dendrites in auditory coincidence detection
    • Agmon-Snir H, Carr CE, Rinzel J (1998) The role of dendrites in auditory coincidence detection. Nature 393:268-272.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 268-272
    • Agmon-Snir, H.1    Carr, C.E.2    Rinzel, J.3
  • 3
    • 0020364322 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiology of isolated hippocampal pyramidal dendrites
    • Benardo LS, Masukawa LM, Prince DA (1982) Electrophysiology of isolated hippocampal pyramidal dendrites. J Neurosci 2:1614-1622.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1614-1622
    • Benardo, L.S.1    Masukawa, L.M.2    Prince, D.A.3
  • 5
    • 0028214093 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic processing of synaptic information by sensory interneurons
    • Borst A, Egelhaaf M (1994) Dendritic processing of synaptic information by sensory interneurons. Trends Neurosci 17:257-263.
    • (1994) Trends Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 257-263
    • Borst, A.1    Egelhaaf, M.2
  • 6
    • 0014127891 scopus 로고
    • Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential
    • Burke EE (1967) Composite nature of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential. J Neurophysiol 30:1114-1137.
    • (1967) J Neurophysiol , vol.30 , pp. 1114-1137
    • Burke, E.E.1
  • 7
    • 0029042624 scopus 로고
    • Heartbeat control in the medicinal leech: A model system for understanding the origin, coordination, and modulation of rhythmic motor patterns
    • Calabrese RL, Nadim F, Olsen OH (1995) Heartbeat control in the medicinal leech: a model system for understanding the origin, coordination, and modulation of rhythmic motor patterns. J Neurobiol 27:390-402.
    • (1995) J Neurobiol , vol.27 , pp. 390-402
    • Calabrese, R.L.1    Nadim, F.2    Olsen, O.H.3
  • 8
    • 0031974082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Input summation by cultured pyramidal neurons is linear and position-independent
    • Cash S, Yuste R (1998) Input summation by cultured pyramidal neurons is linear and position-independent. J Neurosci 18:10-15.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 10-15
    • Cash, S.1    Yuste, R.2
  • 9
    • 0017854614 scopus 로고
    • Motor control of buccal muscles in Aplysia
    • Cohen JL, Weiss K, Kupfermann I (1978) Motor control of buccal muscles in Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 41:157-180.
    • (1978) J Neurophysiol , vol.41 , pp. 157-180
    • Cohen, J.L.1    Weiss, K.2    Kupfermann, I.3
  • 10
    • 0020647563 scopus 로고
    • Fast inward-rectifying current accounts for anomalous rectification in olfactory cortex neurons
    • Constanti A, Galvan M (1983) Fast inward-rectifying current accounts for anomalous rectification in olfactory cortex neurons. J Physiol (Lond) 385:153-178.
    • (1983) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.385 , pp. 153-178
    • Constanti, A.1    Galvan, M.2
  • 11
    • 0025972416 scopus 로고
    • Voltage dependence of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in rat neocortical neurons
    • Deisz RA, Fortin G, Zieglgaensberger W (1991) Voltage dependence of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in rat neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol 65:371-382.
    • (1991) J Neurophysiol , vol.65 , pp. 371-382
    • Deisz, R.A.1    Fortin, G.2    Zieglgaensberger, W.3
  • 12
    • 0002297274 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of the intracellular potassium activity of Retzius cells in the leech central nervous system
    • Deitmer JW, Schlue WR (1981) Measurements of the intracellular potassium activity of Retzius cells in the leech central nervous system. J Exp Biol 91:87-101.
    • (1981) J Exp Biol , vol.91 , pp. 87-101
    • Deitmer, J.W.1    Schlue, W.R.2
  • 14
    • 0029584906 scopus 로고
    • Inwardly rectifying potassium conductance can accelerate the hyperpolarizing response in retinal horizontal cells
    • Dong CJ, Werblin FS (1995) Inwardly rectifying potassium conductance can accelerate the hyperpolarizing response in retinal horizontal cells. J Neurophysiol 74:2258-2265.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.74 , pp. 2258-2265
    • Dong, C.J.1    Werblin, F.S.2
  • 16
    • 0023001568 scopus 로고
    • Instantaneous inward rectification in the Mauthner cell: A postsynaptic booster for excitatory inputs
    • Faber DS, Korn H (1986) Instantaneous inward rectification in the Mauthner cell: a postsynaptic booster for excitatory inputs. Neuroscience 19:1037-1043.
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Faber, D.S.1    Korn, H.2
  • 19
    • 0342710340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Submillisecond AMPA receptor mediated signaling at a principal neuroninterneuron synapse
    • Geiger JRP, Lubke J, Roth A, Frotscher M, Jonas P (1997) Submillisecond AMPA receptor mediated signaling at a principal neuroninterneuron synapse. Neuron 18:1009-1023.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.18 , pp. 1009-1023
    • Geiger, J.R.P.1    Lubke, J.2    Roth, A.3    Frotscher, M.4    Jonas, P.5
  • 20
    • 0019499663 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of pattern generation underlying swimming in Tritonia. I. Neural network formed by monosynaptic connections
    • Getting PA (1981) Mechanisms of pattern generation underlying swimming in Tritonia. I. Neural network formed by monosynaptic connections. J Neurophysiol 46:65-79.
    • (1981) J Neurophysiol , vol.46 , pp. 65-79
    • Getting, P.A.1
  • 21
    • 0030938142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of EPSPs by low Ni2+-and amiloride-sensitive Ca2+ channels in apical dendrites of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons
    • Gillessen T, Alzheimer C (1997) Amplification of EPSPs by low Ni2+-and amiloride-sensitive Ca2+ channels in apical dendrites of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 77:1639-1643.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 1639-1643
    • Gillessen, T.1    Alzheimer, C.2
  • 22
    • 0026640851 scopus 로고
    • Membrane currents of horizontal cells isolated from turtle retina
    • Golard A, Witkovsky P, Tranchina D (1992) Membrane currents of horizontal cells isolated from turtle retina. J Neurophysiol 68:351-361.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 351-361
    • Golard, A.1    Witkovsky, P.2    Tranchina, D.3
  • 23
    • 0029985169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic interactions due to convergent input from gustatory afferent fibers in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract
    • Grabauskas G, Bradley RM (1996) Synaptic interactions due to convergent input from gustatory afferent fibers in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. J Neurophysiol 76:2919-2927.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 2919-2927
    • Grabauskas, G.1    Bradley, R.M.2
  • 24
    • 0025883128 scopus 로고
    • Effect of conduction block at axon bifurcations on synaptic transmission to different postsynaptic neurons in the leech
    • Gu X (1991) Effect of conduction block at axon bifurcations on synaptic transmission to different postsynaptic neurons in the leech. J Physiol (Lond) 441:755-778.
    • (1991) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.441 , pp. 755-778
    • Gu, X.1
  • 25
    • 0030034076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of high-frequency synaptic inputs by active dendritic membrane processes
    • Haag J, Borst A (1996) Amplification of high-frequency synaptic inputs by active dendritic membrane processes. Nature 379:639-641.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 639-641
    • Haag, J.1    Borst, A.2
  • 26
    • 0026749328 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic integration of motion information in visual interneurons of the blowfly
    • Haag J, Egelhaaf M, Borst A (1992) Dendritic integration of motion information in visual interneurons of the blowfly. Neurosci Lett 140:173-176.
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.140 , pp. 173-176
    • Haag, J.1    Egelhaaf, M.2    Borst, A.3
  • 27
    • 0029257187 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of dendritic integration underlying gain control in fly motion-sensitive interneurons
    • Haag J, Borst A, Egelhaaf M (1995) Mechanisms of dendritic integration underlying gain control in fly motion-sensitive interneurons. J Comput Neurosci 2:5-18.
    • (1995) J Comput Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 5-18
    • Haag, J.1    Borst, A.2    Egelhaaf, M.3
  • 29
    • 0018337085 scopus 로고
    • Electrical properties of egg cell membranes
    • Hagiwara S, Jaffe LA (1979) Electrical properties of egg cell membranes. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 8:385-416.
    • (1979) Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng , vol.8 , pp. 385-416
    • Hagiwara, S.1    Jaffe, L.A.2
  • 30
    • 0016168623 scopus 로고
    • The anomalous rectification and cation selectivity of the membrane of a starfish egg cell
    • Hagiwara S, Takahashi K (1974) The anomalous rectification and cation selectivity of the membrane of a starfish egg cell. J Membr Biol 18:61-80.
    • (1974) J Membr Biol , vol.18 , pp. 61-80
    • Hagiwara, S.1    Takahashi, K.2
  • 31
    • 0018333180 scopus 로고
    • Effects of internal potassium and sodium on the anomalous rectification of the starfish egg as examined by internal perfusion
    • Hagiwara S, Yoshii M (1979) Effects of internal potassium and sodium on the anomalous rectification of the starfish egg as examined by internal perfusion. J Physiol (Lond) 292:251-265.
    • (1979) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.292 , pp. 251-265
    • Hagiwara, S.1    Yoshii, M.2
  • 32
    • 0017111969 scopus 로고
    • Potassium current and the effect of cesium on this current during anomalous rectification of the egg cell membrane of a starfish
    • Hagiwara S, Miyazaki S, Rosenthal NP (1976) Potassium current and the effect of cesium on this current during anomalous rectification of the egg cell membrane of a starfish. J Gen Physiol 67:621-638.
    • (1976) J Gen Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 621-638
    • Hagiwara, S.1    Miyazaki, S.2    Rosenthal, N.P.3
  • 33
    • 0017903050 scopus 로고
    • Blocking effect of barium and hydrogen ions on the potassium current during anomalous rectification in the starfish egg
    • Hagiwara S, Miyazaki S, Moody W, Patalk J (1978) Blocking effect of barium and hydrogen ions on the potassium current during anomalous rectification in the starfish egg. J Physiol (Lond) 279:167-185.
    • (1978) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.279 , pp. 167-185
    • Hagiwara, S.1    Miyazaki, S.2    Moody, W.3    Patalk, J.4
  • 35
    • 0026044708 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic physiology of horizontal connections in the cat's visual cortex
    • Hirsch JA, Gilbert CD (1991) Synaptic physiology of horizontal connections in the cat's visual cortex. J Neurosci 11:1800-1809.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1800-1809
    • Hirsch, J.A.1    Gilbert, C.D.2
  • 36
    • 0028940982 scopus 로고
    • Inwardly rectifying currents of saccular hair cells from the leopard frog
    • Holt JR, Eatock RA (1995) Inwardly rectifying currents of saccular hair cells from the leopard frog. J Neurophysiol 73:1484-1502.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1484-1502
    • Holt, J.R.1    Eatock, R.A.2
  • 37
    • 0030975901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: Their molecular heterogeneity and function
    • Isomoto S, Kondo C, Kurachi Y (1997) Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their molecular heterogeneity and function. Jpn J Physiol 47:11-39.
    • (1997) Jpn J Physiol , vol.47 , pp. 11-39
    • Isomoto, S.1    Kondo, C.2    Kurachi, Y.3
  • 38
    • 0018628420 scopus 로고
    • The ionic mechanism responsible for the L-glutamate excitation of leech Retzius cells
    • James VA, Walker RJ (1979) The ionic mechanism responsible for the L-glutamate excitation of leech Retzius cells. Comp Biochem Physiol 64C:261-265.
    • (1979) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.64 C , pp. 261-265
    • James, V.A.1    Walker, R.J.2
  • 39
    • 0026533513 scopus 로고
    • The integrative properties of spiny distal dendrites
    • Jaslove S (1992) The integrative properties of spiny distal dendrites. Neuroscience 47:495-519.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.47 , pp. 495-519
    • Jaslove, S.1
  • 42
    • 0013890273 scopus 로고
    • Anomalous rectification in the metacerebral giant cells and its consequences for synaptic transmission
    • Kandel ER, Tauc L (1966) Anomalous rectification in the metacerebral giant cells and its consequences for synaptic transmission. J Physiol (Lond) 183:287-304.
    • (1966) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.183 , pp. 287-304
    • Kandel, E.R.1    Tauc, L.2
  • 43
    • 0025136929 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and block of potassium channel currents in the heart: Importance of channel type
    • Kass RS, Arena JP, Walsh KB (1990) Measurement and block of potassium channel currents in the heart: importance of channel type. Drug Dev Res 19:115-127.
    • (1990) Drug Dev Res , vol.19 , pp. 115-127
    • Kass, R.S.1    Arena, J.P.2    Walsh, K.B.3
  • 44
    • 0024459191 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular recording of identified neostriatal patch and matrix spiny cells in a slice preparation preserving cortical inputs
    • Kawaguchi Y, Wilson CJ, Emson PC (1989) Intracellular recording of identified neostriatal patch and matrix spiny cells in a slice preparation preserving cortical inputs. J Neurophysiol 62:1052-1068.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.62 , pp. 1052-1068
    • Kawaguchi, Y.1    Wilson, C.J.2    Emson, P.C.3
  • 45
    • 0029000857 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and modulation of ionic conductances in leech neurons
    • Kleinhaus AL, Angstadt JD (1995) Diversity and modulation of ionic conductances in leech neurons. J Neurobiol 27:419-433.
    • (1995) J Neurobiol , vol.27 , pp. 419-433
    • Kleinhaus, A.L.1    Angstadt, J.D.2
  • 46
    • 0014321810 scopus 로고
    • Generation of slow postsynaptic potentials without increases in ionic conductances
    • Kobayashi H, Libet B (1968) Generation of slow postsynaptic potentials without increases in ionic conductances. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 60:1304-1311.
    • (1968) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.60 , pp. 1304-1311
    • Kobayashi, H.1    Libet, B.2
  • 48
    • 0038356691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron revisited
    • Koenig P, Engel AK, Singer W (1996) Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron revisited. Trends Neurosci 19:130-137.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 130-137
    • Koenig, P.1    Engel, A.K.2    Singer, W.3
  • 50
    • 0015056632 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of excitation by acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
    • Krnjevic K, Pumain R, Renaud L (1971) The mechanism of excitation by acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 215:247-268.
    • (1971) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.215 , pp. 247-268
    • Krnjevic, K.1    Pumain, R.2    Renaud, L.3
  • 51
    • 0017056258 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells
    • Kuba K, Koketsu K (1976) Analysis of the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells, Jpn J Physiol 26:651-669.
    • (1976) Jpn J Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 651-669
    • Kuba, K.1    Koketsu, K.2
  • 52
    • 0027403280 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel
    • Kubo Y, Baldwin TJ, Jan YN, Jan LY (1993) Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel. Nature 362:127-133.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 127-133
    • Kubo, Y.1    Baldwin, T.J.2    Jan, Y.N.3    Jan, L.Y.4
  • 53
    • 0014496901 scopus 로고
    • Non-linear summation of unit synaptic potentials in spinal motorneurons of the cat
    • Kuno M, Miyahara JT (1969) Non-linear summation of unit synaptic potentials in spinal motorneurons of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 201:465-477.
    • (1969) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.201 , pp. 465-477
    • Kuno, M.1    Miyahara, J.T.2
  • 54
    • 0021022466 scopus 로고
    • Summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
    • Langmoen IA, Andersen P (1983) Summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 50:1320-1329.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.50 , pp. 1320-1329
    • Langmoen, I.A.1    Andersen, P.2
  • 55
    • 0022548986 scopus 로고
    • Ionic currents of cultured horizontal cells isolated from white perch retina
    • Lasater EM (1986) Ionic currents of cultured horizontal cells isolated from white perch retina. J Neurophysiol 55:499-513.
    • (1986) J Neurophysiol , vol.55 , pp. 499-513
    • Lasater, E.M.1
  • 56
    • 0019393868 scopus 로고
    • Inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence on membrane potential and external potassium
    • Leech CA, Stanfield PR (1981) Inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence on membrane potential and external potassium. J Physiol (Lond) 319:295-309.
    • (1981) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.319 , pp. 295-309
    • Leech, C.A.1    Stanfield, P.R.2
  • 58
    • 0029738418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +] dependence of open-channel conductance in cloned inward rectifier potassium channels (IRK1, Kir2.1)
    • +] dependence of open-channel conductance in cloned inward rectifier potassium channels (IRK1, Kir2.1). Biophys J 71:682-694.
    • (1996) Biophys J , vol.71 , pp. 682-694
    • Lopatin, A.N.1    Nichols, C.G.2
  • 59
    • 0029832741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +] dependence of polyamine-induced rectification in inward rectifier potassium channels (IRK1, Kir2.1)
    • +] dependence of polyamine-induced rectification in inward rectifier potassium channels (IRK1, Kir2.1). J Gen Physiol 108:105-113.
    • (1996) J Gen Physiol , vol.108 , pp. 105-113
    • Lopatin, A.N.1    Nichols, C.G.2
  • 60
    • 0027984375 scopus 로고
    • Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification
    • Lopatin AN, Makhina EN, Nichols CG (1994) Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification. Nature 373:366-369.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 366-369
    • Lopatin, A.N.1    Makhina, E.N.2    Nichols, C.G.3
  • 61
    • 0032190309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
    • Magee JC (1998) Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 18:7613-7624.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 7613-7624
    • Magee, J.C.1
  • 62
    • 0031918739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical and calcium signalling in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
    • Magee J, Hoffman D, Colbert C, Johnston D (1998) Electrical and calcium signalling in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Annu Rev Physiol 60:327-346.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.60 , pp. 327-346
    • Magee, J.1    Hoffman, D.2    Colbert, C.3    Johnston, D.4
  • 63
    • 0031840893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal integration can readily switch between sublinear and supralinear summation
    • Margulis M, Tang CM (1998) Temporal integration can readily switch between sublinear and supralinear summation. J Neurophysiol 79:2809-2813.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.79 , pp. 2809-2813
    • Margulis, M.1    Tang, C.M.2
  • 64
    • 0020514923 scopus 로고
    • The ionic mechanism associated with the biphasic glutamate response on leech Retzius cells
    • Mat Jais AM, Kerkut GA, Walker RJ (1983) The ionic mechanism associated with the biphasic glutamate response on leech Retzius cells. Comp Biochem Physiol 74C:425-432.
    • (1983) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.74 C , pp. 425-432
    • Mat Jais, A.M.1    Kerkut, G.A.2    Walker, R.J.3
  • 65
    • 0000898841 scopus 로고
    • Information processing in dendritic trees
    • Mel B (1994) Information processing in dendritic trees. Neural Comput 6:1031-1085.
    • (1994) Neural Comput , vol.6 , pp. 1031-1085
    • Mel, B.1
  • 66
    • 0029989476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential initiation site depends on neuronal excitation
    • Melinek R, Muller KJ (1996) Action potential initiation site depends on neuronal excitation. J Neurosci 16:2585-2591.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 2585-2591
    • Melinek, R.1    Muller, K.J.2
  • 67
    • 0032171196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inwardly rectifying potassium (IRK) currents are correlated with IRK subunit expression in rat nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons
    • Mermelstein PG, Song WJ, Tkatch T, Yan Z, Surmeier DJ (1998) Inwardly rectifying potassium (IRK) currents are correlated with IRK subunit expression in rat nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons. J Neurosci 18:6650-6661.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6650-6661
    • Mermelstein, P.G.1    Song, W.J.2    Tkatch, T.3    Yan, Z.4    Surmeier, D.J.5
  • 68
    • 0028353866 scopus 로고
    • Processing of information from different sources: Spatial synaptic integration in the dendrites of vertebrate CNS neurons
    • Midtgaard J (1994) Processing of information from different sources: spatial synaptic integration in the dendrites of vertebrate CNS neurons. Trends Neurosci 17:166-173.
    • (1994) Trends Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 166-173
    • Midtgaard, J.1
  • 69
    • 0017149537 scopus 로고
    • The shapes of sensory and motor neurones and the distribution of their synapses in ganglia of the leech: A study using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxide
    • Muller KJ, McMahan UJ (1976) The shapes of sensory and motor neurones and the distribution of their synapses in ganglia of the leech: a study using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxide. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 194:481-499.
    • (1976) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.194 , pp. 481-499
    • Muller, K.J.1    McMahan, U.J.2
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0014330880 scopus 로고
    • Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in the CNS of the leech
    • Nicholls JG, Baylor DA (1968) Specific modalities and receptive fields of sensory neurons in the CNS of the leech. J Neurophysiof 31:740-756.
    • (1968) J Neurophysiof , vol.31 , pp. 740-756
    • Nicholls, J.G.1    Baylor, D.A.2
  • 73
    • 0001012516 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular space as a pathway for exchange between blood and neurons in the central nervous system of the leech: Ionic composition of glial cells and neurons
    • Nicholls JG, Kuffler SW (1964) Extracellular space as a pathway for exchange between blood and neurons in the central nervous system of the leech: ionic composition of glial cells and neurons. J Neurophysiol 27:645-671.
    • (1964) J Neurophysiol , vol.27 , pp. 645-671
    • Nicholls, J.G.1    Kuffler, S.W.2
  • 74
    • 0011812509 scopus 로고
    • Na and K content of glial cells and neurons determined by flame photometry in the central nervous system of the leech
    • Nicholls JG, Kuffler SW (1965) Na and K content of glial cells and neurons determined by flame photometry in the central nervous system of the leech. J Neurophysiol 28:519-525.
    • (1965) J Neurophysiol , vol.28 , pp. 519-525
    • Nicholls, J.G.1    Kuffler, S.W.2
  • 75
    • 0014828345 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic chemical and electrical connections between sensory and motor cells in the central nervous system of the leech
    • Nicholls JG, Purves D (1970) Monosynaptic chemical and electrical connections between sensory and motor cells in the central nervous system of the leech. J Physiol (Lond) 209:647-667.
    • (1970) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.209 , pp. 647-667
    • Nicholls, J.G.1    Purves, D.2
  • 76
    • 0029057962 scopus 로고
    • Potassium currents responsible for inward and outward rectification in rat neostriatal spiny projection neurons
    • Nisenbaum ES, Wilson CJ (1995) Potassium currents responsible for inward and outward rectification in rat neostriatal spiny projection neurons. J Neurosci 15:4449-4463.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 4449-4463
    • Nisenbaum, E.S.1    Wilson, C.J.2
  • 77
  • 78
    • 0029875901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro analysis of optimal stimuli for phase-locking and time-delayed modulation of firing in avian nucleus laminaris neurons
    • Reyes AD, Rubel EW, Spain WJ (1996) In vitro analysis of optimal stimuli for phase-locking and time-delayed modulation of firing in avian nucleus laminaris neurons. J Neurosci 16:993-1007.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 993-1007
    • Reyes, A.D.1    Rubel, E.W.2    Spain, W.J.3
  • 79
    • 0024709982 scopus 로고
    • Signal sorting and amplification through G protein coupled receptors
    • Ross EM (1989) Signal sorting and amplification through G protein coupled receptors. Neuron 3:141-152.
    • (1989) Neuron , vol.3 , pp. 141-152
    • Ross, E.M.1
  • 80
    • 0021322150 scopus 로고
    • Potassium distribution and membrane potential of sensory neurons in the leech nervous system
    • Schlue WR, Deitmer JW (1984) Potassium distribution and membrane potential of sensory neurons in the leech nervous system. J Neurophysiol 51:689-704.
    • (1984) J Neurophysiol , vol.51 , pp. 689-704
    • Schlue, W.R.1    Deitmer, J.W.2
  • 81
    • 0028871387 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of synaptic current by persistent sodium conductance in apical dendrite of neocortical neurons
    • Schwindt PC, Crill WE (1995) Amplification of synaptic current by persistent sodium conductance in apical dendrite of neocortical neurons. J Neurophysiol 74:2220-2224.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.74 , pp. 2220-2224
    • Schwindt, P.C.1    Crill, W.E.2
  • 82
    • 0030793115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels in the proximal versus distal dendrites to synaptic integration in prefrontal cortical neurons
    • Seamans JK, Gorelova NA, Yang CR (1997) Contributions of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels in the proximal versus distal dendrites to synaptic integration in prefrontal cortical neurons. J Neurosci 17:5936-5948.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 5936-5948
    • Seamans, J.K.1    Gorelova, N.A.2    Yang, C.R.3
  • 83
    • 0028024043 scopus 로고
    • Noise, neural codes, and cortical organization
    • Shadlen MN, Newsome WT (1994) Noise, neural codes, and cortical organization. Curr Opin Neurobiol 4:569-579.
    • (1994) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.4 , pp. 569-579
    • Shadlen, M.N.1    Newsome, W.T.2
  • 85
    • 0022534272 scopus 로고
    • Excitable properties and voltage-sensitive ion conductances of horizontal cells isolated from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) retina
    • Shingai R, Christensen BN (1986) Excitable properties and voltage-sensitive ion conductances of horizontal cells isolated from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) retina. J Neurophysiol 56:32-49.
    • (1986) J Neurophysiol , vol.56 , pp. 32-49
    • Shingai, R.1    Christensen, B.N.2
  • 86
    • 0026565254 scopus 로고
    • Modulatory effects of FMRF-NH2 on outward currents and oscillatory activity in heart interneurons of the medicinal leech
    • Simon TW, Opdyke CA, Calabrese RL (1992) Modulatory effects of FMRF-NH2 on outward currents and oscillatory activity in heart interneurons of the medicinal leech. J Neurosci 12:525-537.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 525-537
    • Simon, T.W.1    Opdyke, C.A.2    Calabrese, R.L.3
  • 87
    • 0028016256 scopus 로고
    • Spatial integration of local transmitter responses in motoneurons of the turtle spinal cord in vitro
    • Skydsgaard M, Hounsgaard J (1994) Spatial integration of local transmitter responses in motoneurons of the turtle spinal cord in vitro. J Physiol (Lond) 479:233-246.
    • (1994) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.479 , pp. 233-246
    • Skydsgaard, M.1    Hounsgaard, J.2
  • 88
    • 0028011965 scopus 로고
    • Sub-millisecond coincidence detection in active dendritic trees
    • Softky W (1994) Sub-millisecond coincidence detection in active dendritic trees. Neuroscience 58:13-41.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.58 , pp. 13-41
    • Softky, W.1
  • 89
    • 0028958991 scopus 로고
    • Simple codes versus efficient codes
    • Softky W (1995) Simple codes versus efficient codes. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5:239-247.
    • (1995) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.5 , pp. 239-247
    • Softky, W.1
  • 90
    • 0027498486 scopus 로고
    • The highly irregular firing of cortical cells is inconsistent with temporal integration of random EPSPs
    • Softky W, Koch C (1993) The highly irregular firing of cortical cells is inconsistent with temporal integration of random EPSPs. J Neurosci 13:334-350.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 334-350
    • Softky, W.1    Koch, C.2
  • 91
    • 0022416123 scopus 로고
    • Substance P raises neuronal membrane excitability by reducing inward rectification
    • Stanfield PR, Nakajima Y, Yamaguchi K (1985) Substance P raises neuronal membrane excitability by reducing inward rectification. Nature 315:498-501.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.315 , pp. 498-501
    • Stanfield, P.R.1    Nakajima, Y.2    Yamaguchi, K.3
  • 93
    • 0028867739 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of EPSPs by axosomatic sodium channels in neocortical pyramidal neurons
    • Stuart G, Sakmann B (1995) Amplification of EPSPs by axosomatic sodium channels in neocortical pyramidal neurons. Neuron 15:1065-1076.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.15 , pp. 1065-1076
    • Stuart, G.1    Sakmann, B.2
  • 94
    • 0032525113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites
    • Stuart G, Spruston N (1998) Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites. J Neurosci 18:3501-3510.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 3501-3510
    • Stuart, G.1    Spruston, N.2
  • 95
    • 0020974252 scopus 로고
    • Ionic currents of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina
    • Tachibana M (1983) Ionic currents of solitary horizontal cells isolated from goldfish retina. J Physiol (Lond) 345:329-351.
    • (1983) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.345 , pp. 329-351
    • Tachibana, M.1
  • 96
    • 0029420835 scopus 로고
    • The role of glutamate in swim initiation in the medicinal leech
    • Thorogood MS, Brodfuehrer P (1995) The role of glutamate in swim initiation in the medicinal leech. Invert Neurosci 1:223-233.
    • (1995) Invert Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 223-233
    • Thorogood, M.S.1    Brodfuehrer, P.2
  • 98
    • 0024841341 scopus 로고
    • Inward rectification in rat nucleus accumbens neurons
    • Uchimura N, Cherubini E, North RA (1989) Inward rectification in rat nucleus accumbens neurons. J Neurophysiol 62:1280-1286.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.62 , pp. 1280-1286
    • Uchimura, N.1    Cherubini, E.2    North, R.A.3
  • 99
    • 0026495948 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-dependent ionic currents in solitary horizontal cells isolated from cat retina
    • Ueda Y, Kaneko A, Kaneda M (1992) Voltage-dependent ionic currents in solitary horizontal cells isolated from cat retina. J Neurophysiol 68:1143-1150.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 1143-1150
    • Ueda, Y.1    Kaneko, A.2    Kaneda, M.3
  • 100
    • 0342576800 scopus 로고
    • Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions
    • Vandenberg CA (1987) Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2560-2564.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 2560-2564
    • Vandenberg, C.A.1
  • 101
    • 0014944128 scopus 로고
    • Slow synaptic excitation in sympathetic ganglion cells: Evidence for synaptic inactivation of potassium conductance
    • Weight F, Votava J (1970) Slow synaptic excitation in sympathetic ganglion cells: evidence for synaptic inactivation of potassium conductance. Science 170:755-758.
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 755-758
    • Weight, F.1    Votava, J.2
  • 102
    • 0024208163 scopus 로고
    • Inward rectification of resting and opiate-activated potassium currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons
    • Williams JT, North RA, Tokimasa T (1988) Inward rectification of resting and opiate-activated potassium currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons. J Neurosci 8:4299-4306.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 4299-4306
    • Williams, J.T.1    North, R.A.2    Tokimasa, T.3
  • 103
    • 0000346496 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic morphology, inward rectification, and the functional properties of neostriatal neurons
    • (McKenna T, Davis J, Zornetzer SF, eds). San Diego: Academic
    • Wilson CJ (1992) Dendritic morphology, inward rectification, and the functional properties of neostriatal neurons In: Single neuron computation (McKenna T, Davis J, Zornetzer SF, eds), pp 141-171. San Diego: Academic.
    • (1992) Single Neuron Computation , pp. 141-171
    • Wilson, C.J.1
  • 104
    • 0028952440 scopus 로고
    • Interaction during a critical period inhibit bilateral projections in embryonic neurons
    • Wolszon LR, Passani MB, Macagno ER (1995) Interaction during a critical period inhibit bilateral projections in embryonic neurons. J Neurosci 15:1506-1515.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 1506-1515
    • Wolszon, L.R.1    Passani, M.B.2    Macagno, E.R.3
  • 105
    • 0029975851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic integration in mammalian neurons, a century after Cajal
    • Yuste R, Tank DW (1996) Dendritic integration in mammalian neurons, a century after Cajal. Neuron 16:701-716.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 701-716
    • Yuste, R.1    Tank, D.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.