Sensitivity of an oceanic general circulation model forced by satellite wind stress fields

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 104, Issue C4, 1999, Pages 7967-7989

  Grima, Nicolas ^a,c,e   Bentamy, Abderrahim ^a   Katsaros, Kristina ^a,d   Quilfen, Yves ^a   Delecluse, Pascale ^b,e   Levy, Claire ^b,e  

^a IFREMER   (France)

^b CNRS   (France)

^c Lab d'Oceanogr Dynamique C   (France)

^d NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^e SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; ERS-1; ERS-2; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WIND STRESS;

EID: 0033560570     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900007     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ando, K., and M. J. McPhaden, Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23063-23078, 1997.
2. Arakawa, A., Design of the UCLA general circulation model: Numerical simulation of weather and climate, Tech. Rep. 7, 34 pp., Dep. of Meteorol., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, 1972.
3. Barnett, T. P., The principal time and space scales of the Pacific trade wind fields, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 221-236, 1977.
4. Barnett, T. P., Interaction of the monsoon and Pacific trade wind system at interannual times scales, I, The equatorial zone, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 756-773, 1983.
5. Barnett, T. P., N. Graham, M. Cane, S. Zebiac, S. Dolan, J. O'Brien, and Legler, On the prediction of the El-Niño of 1986-1987, Science, 241 (4862), 192-196, 1988.
6. Barnier, B., L. Siedfridt, and P. Marchesiello, Thermal forcing for a global ocean circulation model using a three-year climatology of ECMWF analyses, J. Mar. Syst., 6, 363-380, 1995.
7. Bentamy, A., Y. Quilfen, P. Queffeulou, and A. Cavanié, Calibration of the ERS-1 Scatterometer C-band Model, IFREMER Tech. Rep. DRO/OS-94-01, 72 pp., IFREMER/Brest, Plouzané, France, 1994.
8. Bentamy, A., Y. Quilfen, F. Gohin, N. Grima, M. Lenaour, and J. Servain, Determination and validation of average wind field from ERS-1 scatterometer measurements, Global Atmos. Ocean Syst., 4, 1-29, 1996.
9. Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse, Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed-layer physics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388, 1993.
10. Blanke, B., and S. Raynaud, Kinematics of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent: An Eulerian and Lagrangian approach from GCM results, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1038-1053, 1997.
11. Braconnot, P., and C. Frankignoul, An intercomparison between four tropical ocean models. Thermocline variability, Tellus, 47A, 351-364, 1994.
12. nd ed., John Wiley, New York, 1980.
13. Dandin, P., Variabilité basse fréquence simulée dans l'océan Pacifique tropical, thèse de doctorat, Univ. Paris VI, 1993.
14. Delcroix, T., G. Eldin, M. McPhaden, and A. Morlière, Effects of westerly wind bursts upon the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,379-16,385, 1993.
15. Delecluse, P., G. Madec, M. Imbard, and C. Levy, OPA version 7 ocean general circulation model reference manual, Rapp. Interne LODYC 93/05, 111 pp., Lab. d'Océanogr. Dyn. et de Clim., Paris, France, 1993.
16. Déqué, M., and J. P. Piedelièvre, High resolution climate simulation over Europe, Clim. Dyn., 11, 321-339, 1995.
17. Elfouhaily, T., B. Chapron, D. Vandemark, and, J. Gourrion, Estimation of wind stress using dual-frequency TOPEX data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,101-25,108, 1997.
18. Ezraty, R., Etude de l'algorithme d'estimation de la vitesse de frottement à la surface de la mer, contrat IFREMER 85-2-42-5000, ESTEC 6155/85/NL/BI, IFREMER Brest, Plouzané, France, 1985.
19. Fairall, C.W., E.F. Bradley, D.P. Rogers, J.B. Edson, and G.S. Young, Bulk parametrization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled-Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3747-3764, 1996.
20. Goddard L., and N. E. Graham, El Niño in the 1990s, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,423-10,436, 1997.
21. Grima, N., A. Bentamy, and Y. Quilfen, Variability of the wind field in the tropical oceans as observed by satellite sensors, paper presented at Global Process Monitoring and Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice, Paris, Sep. 25-28, 1995.
22. Halpern, D., Y. Chao, C.-C. Ma, and C. R. Mechoso, Comparison of tropical Pacific temperature and current simulations with two vertical mixing schemes embedded in an ocean general circulation model and reference to observations, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2515-2522, 1995.
23. Hayes, S. P., L.J. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, and K. Takeuchi, TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 72, 339-347, 1991.
24. Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1105, 1983.
25. Hendricks, J.R., R.R. Leben, G.H. Born, and C.J. Koblinsky, Empirical orthogonal function analysis of global TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data and implications for detection of global sea level rise, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,131-14,145, 1996.
26. Hsu, S. A., A mechanism for the increase of wind stress (Drag) coefficient with wind speed over water surface: A parametric model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 144-150, 1985.
27. Kessler, W. S., and M.J. McPhaden, Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991-1993 El Niño, J. Clim., 8, 1757-1774, 1995.
28. Kessler, W. S., M. J. McPhaden, and K.M. Weickmann, Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10,613-10,631, 1995.
29. Kondo, J., Y. Fujinawa, and G. Naito, High-frequency components of ocean waves and their relation to the aerodynamic roughness, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 197-202, 1975.
30. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336, 1980.
31. Legler, D. M., Empirical orthogonal function analysis of winds vectors over the tropical Pacific region, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 64, 234-241, 1983.
32. Legler, D.M., and J.J. O'Brien, Tropical Pacific wind stress analysis for TOGA, IOC Time series of ocean measurements, IOC Tech. Ser. 33, 4, UNESCO, Paris, 1988.
33. Liu, P. C., and D. J. Schwab, A comparison of methods for estimating U* from given Uz and air-sea temperature differences, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6488-6494, 1987.
34. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, Bulk parametrization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735, 1979.
35. Liu, W. T., W. Tang, and L.-L. Fu, Recent warming in the Pacific may be an El-Niño, Eos, Trans., AGU, 76, 429-437, 1995.
36. Maden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation-A review, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 814-837, 1993.
37. Maes, C., Equilibre du Reservoir Chaud de l'Océan Pacifique Tropical Ouest, thèse de doctorat, Univ. Paris VI, 1996.
38. Maes, C., P. Delecluse, and G. Madec, Impact of westerly wind bursts on the warm pool of the TOGA-COARE domain in an OGCM, Clim. Dyn., 14, 55-70, 1998.
39. McPhaden, M. J., TOGA-TAO and the 1991-1993 El-Niño oscillation event, J. Oceanogr., 6, 36-44, 1993a.
40. McPhaden, M. J., Trade wind fetch related variations in equatorial undercurrent depth, speed, and transport, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2555-2559, 1993b.
41. McPhaden, M. J., and S. P. Hayes, On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature, and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 96, supp., 3331-3342, 1991.
42. Mitchum, G.T., trade winds fluctuations associated with El-Niño Southern Oscillation events J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9464-9468, 1987.
43. Oberhuber, J. M., An atlas based on the 'COADS' data set: The budgets of heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the surface of the global ocean, Rep., 15, Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorol., Hambourg, Germany, 1988.
44. Quilfen, Y., ERS-1 off-line wind scatterometer products, Tec. Rep. IFREMER/CERSAT, 58 pp., IFREMER, Plouzané, France, 1995.
45. Quilfen, Y., B. Chapron, T. Elfouhaily, K. Katsaros, and J. Tournadre, Observation of tropical cyclones by high-resolution scatterometry, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7767-7786, 1998.
46. Reynolds, R. W., A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 1, 75-86, 1988.
47. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation, J. Clim., 7, 929-948, 1994.
48. Reynolds, R.W., K. Arpe, C. Gordon, S. Hayes, A. Leetmaa, and M. McPhaden, A comparison of tropical Pacific surface wind analyses, J. Clim., 2, 105-111, 1989.
49. Slingo, J.M. et al., Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject, Clim. Dyn., 12, 325-357, 1995.
50. Slutz, R. J., S. J. Lubker, J. D. Hiscox, S. D. Woodruff, R. L. Jenne, D. H. Joseph, P. M. Seurer, and J. D. Elms, COADS-comprehenisve ocean-atmosphere data set, CIRES/ERL/NCAR/NCDC, Boulder, Clo., 1985.
51. Smith, S. D., Comment on "A new evaluation of the wind stress coefficient over water surfaces," J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4307, 1981.
52. Smith, S. D., Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,467-15,472, 1988.
53. Smith, W. D., D. Herbert, and J. N. Mourn, Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly wind burst, 2, Thermal and freshwater responses J. Geophys. Res., 101, 495-22,512, 1996a.
54. Smith, W. D., D. Herbert, and J. N. Moum, Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly wind burst, 1, Dynamic response, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,495-22,512, 1996b.
55. Stricherz, J., J. J. O'Brien, and D. M. Legler, Atlas of Florida State University Tropical Pacific Winds for TOGA 1966-1985, 250 pp., Tallahassee, Fla. State Univ., 1992.
56. Tapley, B. D., D. P. Chambers, C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, and J. C. Ries, Accuracy assessment of the large-scale dynamic ocean topography from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24,605-24,617, 1994.
57. Trenberth, K.E., Short-term climate variations: Recent accomplishments and isses for future progress, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 1081-1096, 1997.
58. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse, An OGCM study for the TOGA decade, I, Role of salinity in the physics of the western Pacific fresh pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1071-1088, 1997a.
59. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse, An OGCM Study for the TOGA decade, II, Barrier layer formation and variability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1089-1106, 1997b.
60. Waliser, D. E., and R. C. J. Somerville, Preferred latitudes of the intertropical convergence zone, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1619-1639, 1994.
61. Wyrtki, K., and B. Kilonsky, Mean water and current structure during the Hawaii- to-Tahiti shuttle experiment, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 242-254, 1984.
62. Wyrtki, K., and G. Meyers, The trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean, I, The mean field and mean annual variation, Tech. Rep. HIG-75-1, 26 pp., Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1975.
63. Yelland, M., and P. K. Taylor, Wind stress measurements from the open ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 541-558, 1996.