The formation of Uranus and Neptune in the Jupiter-Saturn region of the Solar System

Nature

Volumn 402, Issue 6762, 1999, Pages 635-638

  Thommes, Edward W ^a   Duncan, Martin J ^a   Levison, Harold F ^b  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLANETARY EVOLUTION;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; COSMOS; GAS ANALYSIS; MODEL; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EVOLUTION, PLANETARY; JUPITER; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NEPTUNE; SATURN; SOLAR SYSTEM; URANUS;

EID: 0033540028     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/45185     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Safronov, V. S. Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and the Formation of the Earth and Planets (Nauka, Moscow, 1969).
2. Wetherill, G. W. An alternative model for the formation of the asteroids. Icarus 100, 307-325 (1992).
3. Chambers, J. E. & Wetherill, G. W. Making the terrestrial planets: N-body integrations of planetary embryos in three dimensions. Icarus 136, 304-327 (1999).
4. Agnor, C. B., Canup, R. & Levison, H. On the character and consequences of large impacts in the late stage of terrestrial planet formation. Icarus 142, 219-237 (1999).
5. Bodenheimer, P. & Pollack, J. B. Calculations of the accretion and evolution of giant planets: the effects of solid cores. Icarus 67, 391-408 (1986).
6. Pollack, J. B. et al. Formation of the giant planets by concurrent accretion of solids and gas. Icarus 124, 62-85 (1996).
7. Lissauer, J. J., Pollack, J. B., Wetherill, G. W. & Stevenson, D. J. in Neptune and Triton (ed. Cruikshank, D. P.) 37-108 (Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson, 1996).
8. Stewart, G. & Levison, H. F. On the formation of Uranus and Neptune. Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXIX, abstr. no. 1960 (1998).
9. Kokubo, E. & Ida, S. Oligarchic growth of protoplanets. Icarus 131, 171-178 (1998).
10. Morbidelli, A. in Solar System Formation and Evolution (eds. Lazzaro, D., Vieira Martins, R., Ferraz-Mello, S., Fernandez, J. & Beauge, C.) 83 (ASP Conf. Ser. 149, 1998).
11. Levison, H. & Duncan, M. From the Kuiper belt to Jupiter-family comets: the spatial distribution of ecliptic comets. Icarus 127, 13-32 (1997).
12. Duncan, M. & Levison, H. F. A scattered disk of icy objects and the origin of Jupiter-family comets. Science 276, 1670-1672 (1997).
13. Luu, J. et al. A new dynamical class of object in the outer Solar System. Nature 387, 573-575 (1997).
14. Fernandez, J. A. & Ip, W.-H. Some dynamical aspects of the accretion of Uranus and Neptune - The exchange of orbital angular momentum with planetesimals. Icarus 58, 109-120 (1984).
15. Hahn, J. & Malhotra, R. Radial migration of planets embedded in a massive planetesimal disk. Astron. J. 117, 3041-3053 (1999).
16. Rasio, F. A. & Ford, E. B. Dynamical instabilities and the formation of extrasolar planetary systems. Science 274, 954-956 (1996).
17. Weidenschilling, S. J. & Marzari, F. Gravitational scattering as a possible origin for giant planets at small stellar distances. Nature 384, 619-621 (1996).
18. Lin, D. N. C. & Ida, S. On the origin of massive eccentric planets. Astrophys. J. 477, 781-791 (1997).
19. Levison, H. F., Lissauer, J. J. & Duncan, M. J. Modeling the diversity of outer planetary systems. Astron. J. 116, 1998-2014 (1998).
20. Duncan, M., Levison, H. & Lee, M. H. A multiple timestep symplectic algorithm for integrating close encounters. Astron. J. 116, 2067-2077 (1998).
21. Malhotra, R. The origin of Pluto's orbit: implications for the Solar System beyond Neptune. Astron. J. 110, 420-429 (1995).