메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 285, Issue 5429, 1999, Pages 870-874

Galileo imaging of atmospheric emissions from Io

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPACE FLIGHT;

EID: 0033529583     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5429.870     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0030295108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a comprehensive review, see E. Lellouch, Icarus 124, 1 (1996).
    • (1996) Icarus , vol.124 , pp. 1
    • Lellouch, E.1
  • 3
    • 0000169079 scopus 로고
    • September 5-8, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands
    • R. A. Brown, in Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland, September 5-8, 1973, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1974), pp. 527-531; L. M. Trafton, Nature 258, 690 (1975); J. T. Trauger et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 8, 468 (1976); R. A. Brown, Astrophys. J. 244, 1072 (1981); S. T. Durrance, P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, Astrophys. J. Lett. 267, L125 (1983).
    • (1973) Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland , pp. 527-531
    • Brown, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 0000217623 scopus 로고
    • R. A. Brown, in Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland, September 5-8, 1973, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1974), pp. 527- 531; L. M. Trafton, Nature 258, 690 (1975); J. T. Trauger et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 8, 468 (1976); R. A. Brown, Astrophys. J. 244, 1072 (1981); S. T. Durrance, P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, Astrophys. J. Lett. 267, L125 (1983).
    • (1975) Nature , vol.258 , pp. 690
    • Trafton, L.M.1
  • 5
    • 0345434954 scopus 로고
    • R. A. Brown, in Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland, September 5-8, 1973, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1974), pp. 527- 531; L. M. Trafton, Nature 258, 690 (1975); J. T. Trauger et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 8, 468 (1976); R. A. Brown, Astrophys. J. 244, 1072 (1981); S. T. Durrance, P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, Astrophys. J. Lett. 267, L125 (1983).
    • (1976) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.8 , pp. 468
    • Trauger, J.T.1
  • 6
    • 0012285118 scopus 로고
    • R. A. Brown, in Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland, September 5-8, 1973, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1974), pp. 527- 531; L. M. Trafton, Nature 258, 690 (1975); J. T. Trauger et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 8, 468 (1976); R. A. Brown, Astrophys. J. 244, 1072 (1981); S. T. Durrance, P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, Astrophys. J. Lett. 267, L125 (1983).
    • (1981) Astrophys. J. , vol.244 , pp. 1072
    • Brown, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0001668303 scopus 로고
    • R. A. Brown, in Exploration of the Planetary System, Proceedings of the Symposium, Torun, Poland, September 5-8, 1973, A. Woszczyk and C. Iwaniszewska, Eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1974), pp. 527- 531; L. M. Trafton, Nature 258, 690 (1975); J. T. Trauger et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 8, 468 (1976); R. A. Brown, Astrophys. J. 244, 1072 (1981); S. T. Durrance, P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, Astrophys. J. Lett. 267, L125 (1983).
    • (1983) Astrophys. J. Lett. , vol.267
    • Durrance, S.T.1    Feldman, P.D.2    Weaver, H.A.3
  • 8
    • 0033555851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F. L. Roesler et al., Science 283, 353 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 353
    • Roesler, F.L.1
  • 9
    • 0000004334 scopus 로고
    • A. F. Cook et al., ibid. 211, 1419 (1981).
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1419
    • Cook, A.F.1
  • 13
    • 0344141303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. E. Brown et al., in preparation
    • M. E. Brown et al., in preparation.
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0345003816 scopus 로고
    • Report D-5880 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
    • Bandpasses listed are the wavelengths over which the system response to white light is at least 1% of the peak value for each filter, to 5-nm precision [H. Breneman and K. Klaasen, Report D-5880 (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1993)].
    • (1993)
    • Breneman, H.1    Klaasen, K.2
  • 17
    • 0344141304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The E15 color data were recorded with exposure times (25.6 s) longer than those used In previous attempts and were telemetered with lossless compression. An earlier color sequence from orbit G7 was degraded by accidental multiple exposures.
  • 18
    • 0000154578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K. P. Klaasen et al., Opt. Eng. 36, 3001 (1997). We have subtracted an empirically determined background component, which was calculated as the average brightness of the region surrounding Io's disk. Brightness estimates are based on the average system response to white light over the entire bandpass of each filter. Hence, line emissions may be underestimated if they occur at wavelengths near the limits of the filters' sensitivity.
    • (1997) Opt. Eng. , vol.36 , pp. 3001
    • Klaasen, K.P.1
  • 19
    • 0345003811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Total optical power is defined as 4πJA, where A is the area of the emission in square centimeters (in the image plane at the distance of the source) and J is the average measured radiance in watts per square centimeter per steradian. Power estimates assume emission at the following wavelengths: violet, 404 nm; green, 560 nm; red, 630 nm; and clear, 560 nm. Depending on the actual spectrum, the sum of the power emitted in the red, green, and violet filters may not necessarily equal that in the clear filter [see also (14)].
  • 20
  • 22
    • 0009129210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. T. Clark, J. Ajello, J. Luhmann, N. Schneider, I. Kanik, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 6387 (1994); G. E. Ballester et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 29, 980 (1997).
    • (1997) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.29 , pp. 980
    • Ballester, G.E.1
  • 23
    • 0001471362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. S. McEwen et al., Icarus 135, 181 (1998).
    • (1998) Icarus , vol.135 , pp. 181
    • McEwen, A.S.1
  • 24
    • 0344141297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Jupiter is surrounded by a torus-shaped cloud of trapped charged particles that rotate with the planet's magnetic field. The plasma torus is mainly made up of S and O ions and electrons that are continually being replenished by Io. The centrifugal equator of the plasma torus is inclined by ∼7° to Jupiter's equatorial plane, so the torus wobbles with respect to Io's position every 13 hours as Jupiter rotates. Io is at maximum north and south magnetic latitudes (that is, farthest from the plasma torus center) for System III magnetic longitudes of ∼200° and 20°, respectively, and is in the magnetic equator (the densest part of the plasma torus) at ∼110° and 290°, respectively. Embedded within the torus is a narrow vertical band of concentrated plasma known as the "ribbon." The origin of this curious feature is as yet poorly known.
  • 25
    • 0344572753 scopus 로고
    • D. Morrison, Ed. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, chap. 16.
    • See also R. G. Strom and N. M. Schneider, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1982), chap. 16. More realistic hydrodynamic simulations [for example, J. V. Austin and D. B. Goldstein, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30, 1121 (1998)] produce plumes that are somewhat flatter than those shown here, owing to shock pressure and horizontal flow.
    • (1982) Satellites of Jupiter
    • Strom, R.G.1    Schneider, N.M.2
  • 26
    • 0001086831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also R. G. Strom and N. M. Schneider, in Satellites of Jupiter, D. Morrison, Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1982), chap. 16. More realistic hydrodynamic simulations [for example, J. V. Austin and D. B. Goldstein, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30, 1121 (1998)] produce plumes that are somewhat flatter than those shown here, owing to shock pressure and horizontal flow.
    • (1998) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. , vol.30 , pp. 1121
    • Austin, J.V.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 28
    • 0032581838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Linker, K. Khurana, M. Kivelson, K. Walker, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 19867 (1998); M. Combi, K. Kabin, T. Gombosi, D. Dezeeuw, K. Powell, ibid., p. 9071; J. Saur, F. M. Neubauer, D. F. Strobel, M. E. Summers, ibid., in press.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 19867
    • Linker, J.1    Khurana, K.2    Kivelson, M.3    Walker, K.4
  • 31
    • 0344141292 scopus 로고
    • Possible effects of current flow through Io were described by T. Gold [Science 206, 1071 (1979) ] and A. Peratt and A. Dessler [Astrophys. Space Sci. 144, 451 (1988)].
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 1071
    • Gold, T.1
  • 32
    • 0345003805 scopus 로고
    • Possible effects of current flow through Io were described by T. Gold [Science 206, 1071 (1979) ] and A. Peratt and A. Dessler [Astrophys. Space Sci. 144, 451 (1988)].
    • (1988) Astrophys. Space Sci. , vol.144 , pp. 451
    • Peratt, A.1    Dessler, A.2
  • 33
    • 0001658973 scopus 로고
    • J. Pearl et al., Nature 280, 757 (1979); P. Sartoretti et al., Icarus 122, 273 (1996).
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 757
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 34
    • 0030211230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Pearl et al., Nature 280, 757 (1979); P. Sartoretti et al., Icarus 122, 273 (1996).
    • (1996) Icarus , vol.122 , pp. 273
    • Sartoretti, P.1
  • 40
    • 0029804183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -3 measured in the plasma torus near Io [D. A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, A. Roux, S. J. Bolton, C. F. Kennel, Science 274, 391 (1996); L. A. Frank et al., ibid., p. 394].
    • Science , pp. 394
    • Frank, L.A.1
  • 43
    • 0345003803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We are grateful for informative discussions with many patient colleagues before and during the Madison, Wisconsin, meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society. Particular thanks are due to C. Alexander, F. Bagenal, F. Crary, A. Dessler, F. Herbert, W. Hubbard, D. Hunten, K. Klaasen, L. Lane, M. McGrath, K. Rages, and N. Schneider.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.