Acquired protein S deficiency caused by estrogen treatment of tall stature

Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 135, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 477-481

  Van Ommen, C Heleen ^a,b   Fijnvandraat, Karin ^a,b   Vulsma, Tom ^a,b   Delemarre Van De Waal, Henriëtte A ^a,b   Peters, Marjolein ^a,b,c  

^a EMMA CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ANTIPLASMIN; ANTITHROMBIN; ESTROGEN; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; FIBRINOPEPTIDE A; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PLASMIN; PLASMINOGEN; PROTEIN C; PROTEIN S; PROTHROMBIN;

ARTICLE; BLOOD CLOTTING; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; TALL STATURE; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THROMBOGENICITY; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0033510638     PISSN: 00223476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70171-X     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. 1. Goldzieher MA. Treatment of excessive growth in the adolescent female. J Clin Endocrinol 1956;16:249-52.
2. 2. Hermanussen M, Geiger-Benoit K, Burmeister J. Differential effects of oestrogen treatment on the proportionality of growth in tall girls. Eur J Pediatr 1989;149:14-7.
3. 3. de Waal WJ, Greyn-Fokker MH, Stijnen Th, Gurp EAFJ van, Toolens AMP, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SMPF, et al. Accuracy of final height prediction and effect of growth-reductive therapy in 362 constitutionally tall children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1206-16.
4. 4. Weimann E, Bergmann S, Böhles HJ. Oestrogen treatment of constitutional tall stature: a risk-benefit ratio. Arch Dis Child 1998;78:148-51.
5. 5. Grüters A, Heidemann P, Schlüter H, Stubbe P, Weber B, Helge H. Effect of different oestrogen doses on final height reduction in girls with constitutional tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 1989; 149:11-3.
6. 6. Normann EK, Trygstad O, Larsen S, Dahl-Jørgensen K. Height reduction in 539 tall girls with three different dosages of ethinyloestradiol. Arch Dis Child 1991;66:1275-8.
7. 7. Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Estrogen use in children and adolescents: a survey. Pediatrics 1978;62:1091-7.
8. 8. Trygstad O. Oestrogen treatment of adolescent tall girls: short term side effects. Acta Endocrinol 1986;279 (suppl):170-3.
9. 9. de Waal WJ, Torn M, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SMPF, Aarsen RSR, Drop SLS. Long term sequelae of sex steroid treatment in the management of constitutionally tall stature. Arch Dis Child 1995;73:311-5.
10. 10. Helmrich SP, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Strom B, Shapiro S. Venous thromboembolism in relation to oral contraceptive use. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:91-5.
11. 11. Stadel BV. Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 1981;305:612-8.
12. 12. World Health Organisation. Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. World Health Organisation Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 1995;346:1575-82.
13. 13. Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briët E, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM, Rosendaal FR. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 1994;344:1453-7.
14. 14. Helmerhorst FM, Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP. Oral contraceptives and thrombotic disease: risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78:327-33.
15. 15. Gerstman BB, Piper JM, Tomita DK, Ferguson WJ, Stadel BV, Lundin FE. Oral contraceptive estrogen dose and the risk of deep venous thromboembolic disease. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:32-7.
16. 16. Inman WH, Vessey MP, Westerholm B, Engelund A. Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives. A report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs. Br Med J 1970;2:203-9.
17. 17. Werder EA, Waibel P, Sege D, Flury R. Severe thrombosis during oestrogen treatment for tall stature. Eur J Pediatr 1990;149:389-90.
18. 18. Weimann E, Brack C. Severe thrombosis during treatment with ethinylestradiol for tall stature. Horm Res 1996;45:261-3.
19. 19. Wettenhall HNB, Cahill C, Roche AF. Tall girls: a survey of 15 years of management and treatment. Adolesc Med 1975;86:602-10.
20. 20. Andrew M, Vegh P, Johnston M, Bowker J, Ofosu F, Mitchell L. Maturation of the hemostatic system during childhood. Blood 1992;80:1998-2005.
21. 21. van Teunenbroek A, Peters M, Sturk A, Borm JJJ, Breederveld C. Protein C activity and antigen levels in childhood. Eur J Pediatr 1990;149:774-8.
22. 22. Blombäck M, Hall K, Ritzén EM. Estrogen treatment of tall girls: Risk of thrombosis? Pediatrics 1983;72:416-9.
23. 23. Muntean W, Borkenstein M. Haemostatic changes in tall girls treated with high doses of ethinyloestradiol. Eur J Pediatr 1980;134:245-8.
24. 24. Quehenberger P, Loner U, Kapiotis S, Handler S, Schneider B, Huber J, et al. Increased levels of activated factor VII and decreased plasma protein S activity and circulating thrombomodulin during use of oral contraceptives. Thromb Haemost 1996;76:729-34.
25. 25. Winkler UH, Schindler AE, Endrikat J, Düsterberg B. A comparative study of the effects of the hemostatic system of two monophasic gestodene oral contraceptives containing 20 μg and 30 μg ethinylestradiol. Contraception 1996; 53:75-84.
26. 26. Melissari E, Kakkar VV. The effects of oestrogen administration on the plasma free protein S and C4b-binding protein. Thromb Res 1988;49:489-95.
27. 27. Boerger LM, Morris PC, Thurnau GR, Esmon CT, Comp PC. Oral contraceptives and gender affect protein S status. Blood 1987;69:692-4.
28. 28. Engesser L, Broekmans AW, Briët E, Brommer EJP, Bertina RM. Hereditary protein S deficiency: clinical manifestations. Ann Intern Med 1987;106: 677-82.
29. 29. Comp PC, Esmon CT. Recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with a partial deficiency of protein S. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1525-8.
30. 30. Friederich PW, Sanson BJ, Simioni P, Zanardi S, Huisman MV, Kindt I, et al. Frequency of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism in anticoagulant factor-deficient women: implications for prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:955-60.
31. 31. Belt A van den, Sanson BJ, Simioni P, Prandoni P, Büller HR, Girolami A, et al. Recurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients with familial thrombophilia. Arch Intern Med 1997;157: 2227-32.
32. 32. Joist JH. Hypercoagulability: introduction and perspective. Semin Thromb Hemost 1990;16:151-7.
33. 33. Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD. The pathophysiology of the prethrombotic state in humans: insights gained from studies using markers of hemostatic system activation. Blood 1987;70:343-50.
34. 34. Mannucci PM, Tripodi A, Bottasso B, Baudo F, Finazzi G, De Stefano V, et al. Markers of procoagulant imbalance in patients with inherited thrombophilic syndromes. Thromb Haemost 1992;67:200-2.
35. 35. Hennis BC, Boomsma DI, Fijnvandraat K, Gevers Leuven JA, Peters M, Kluft C. Estrogens reduce plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) levels in a dose dependent way. Thromb Haemost 1995;73:484-7.
36. 36. Rosendaal FR. Thrombosis in the young: epidemiology and risk factors. A focus on venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1997;78:1-6.
37. 37. Andrew M, David M, Adams M, Ali K, Anderson R, Barnard D, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: first analysis of the Canadian registry of VTE. Blood 1994;83:1251-7.