The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany

Volumn 77, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 582-598

  Ronse Decraene, L P ^a   Smets, E F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Adenia; Calcium oxalate packages; Caricaceae; Floral structure; Moringa anatomy; Nectaries; Ontogeny; Pollination; Systematic relationships

Indexed keywords

ADENIA; ANTHER; DIMORPHISM; FLOWER MORPHOLOGY; FLOWERING; GYNOECIUM; NECTARY; OVARY; OVULE; PISTIL; POLLINATION; STAMEN;

ADENIA; CARICA PAPAYA; CARICACEAE; MORINGA; MORINGACEAE; PASSIFLORA EDULIS; PASSIFLORACEAE;

EID: 0033493729     PISSN: 00084026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/cjb-77-4-582     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Allan, P. 1963. Pollination of papaws. Farming S. Afr. 38: 13-15.
2. Arkle Jr., T.D., and Nakasone, H.Y. 1984. Floral differentiation in the hermaphrodite papaya. HortScience, 19: 832-834.
3. Badillo, V.M. 1971. Monografia de la familia Caricaceae. Publicada por la Asociacion de Profesores. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Agronomia, Maracay, Venezuela.
4. Baillon, H. 1878. Traité du développement de la fleur et du fruit 14: papayées. Adansonia, 12: 342-351.
5. Baker, H.G. 1976. "Mistake" pollination as a reproductive system with special reference to the Caricaceae. In Tropical trees. Variation, breeding and conservation Edited by J. Burley and B.T. Styles. Academic Press, London, U.K. pp. 161-169.
6. Bawa, K.S. 1980. Mimicry of male by female flowers and intrasexual competition for pollinators in Jacaratia dolichaula (D. Smith) Woodson (Caricaceae). Evolution, 34: 467-474.
7. Bernhard, A., and Endress, P.K. 1999. Androecial development and systematics in Flacourtiaceae s.l. Plant Syst. Evol. 215: 141-155.
8. Carlquist, S. 1998. Wood and bark anatomy of Caricaceae: correlations with systematics and habit. IAWA J. 19: 191-206.
9. Chadefaud, M. 1955. L'obdiplostémonie contortéenne du Papayer. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 240(3): 340-343.
10. Chase, M.W, Soltis, D.E., Olmstead, R.G., Morgan, D., Les, D.H., Mishler, B.D., Duvall, M.R., et al. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants: an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 80: 528-580.
11. Chateau, R. 1955. Note sur l'anatomie florale et la répartition des sexes sur les pieds du Papayer commun (Carica papaya L.). Rev. Gen. Bot. 62: 136-142.
12. Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of dicotyledons. 2 vols. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
13. Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
14. Dahlgren, G. 1989. The last Dahlgrenogram. System of classification of the dicotyledons. In The Davis and Hedge Festschrift. Edited by K. Tan. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, U.K. pp. 249-261.
15. D'Arcy, WG., Keating, R.C., and Buchman, S.L. 1996. The calcium oxalate package or so-called resorption tissue in some angiosperm anthers. In The anther. Form, function and phylogeny. Edited by WG. D'Arcy and R.C. Keating. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. pp. 159-191.
16. Devi, S., 1952. Studies in the order Parietales. III. Vascular anatomy of the flower of Carica papaya L., with special reference to the structure of the gynoecium. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 36B: 59-69.
17. Fisher, J.B. 1980. The vegetative and reproductive structure of papaya (Carica papaya). Lyonia, 1,4: 191-208.
18. Free, J.B. 1975. Observations on the pollination of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Jamaica. Trop. Agric. 52: 275-279.
19. Hallier, H. 1908. Über Juliania, eine Terebinthaceen-Gattung mit Cupula, und die wahren Stammeltern der Kätzchenblütler. C. Heinrich Verlag, Dresden, Germany.
20. Hallier, H. 1912. L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes exposés à l'aide de leur arbre généalogique. Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. Nat. Ser. 3B1: 146-234.
21. Harms, H. 1925. Caricaceae. In Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed. Vol. 21. Edited by A. Engler and K. Prantl. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany. pp. 510-522.
22. Hutchinson, J. 1967. The genera of flowering plants. Vol. 2. Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.
23. Lassoudière, A. 1969. Le papayer (quatrième partie). Description des inflorescences et fleurs des papayers 'Solo'. Fruits, 24(3): 143-151.
24. Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
25. Miller, N.G. 1982. The Caricaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. Harv. Univ. 63: 411-427.
26. Moncur, M.W. 1988. Floral development of tropical and subtropical fruit and nut species. An atlas of scanning electron micrographs. CSIRO, Melbourne, Aust. Nat. Resour. Ser. No. 8.
27. Nandi, O.I., Chase, M.W., and Endress, P.K. 1998. A combined cladistic analysis of angiosperms using rbcL and non-molecular data sets. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 85: 137-212.
28. Nielsen, V. 1998. The reproductive biology of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) in Ecuador. Nord. J. Bot. In press.
29. Pouvreau, A. 1984. Pollinisation du Cocotier, du Papayer et du Caféier. In Pollinisation et productions végétales. Edited by P. Pesson and J. Louveaux, J. Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France, pp. 195-208.
30. Prest, R.L., 1955. Unfruitfulness in papaws. Queensl. Agr. J. 81: 144-148.
31. Purseglove, J.W. 1968. Tropical crops. Dicotyledons. Longman, Harlow, U.K.
32. Rodman, J.E. 1991a. A taxonomic analysis of glucosinolate-producing plants. Part 1. Phenetics. Syst. Bot. 16: 598-618.
33. Rodman, J.E. 1991b. A taxonomic analysis of glucosinolate-producing plants. Part 2. Cladistics. Syst. Bot. 16: 619-629.
34. Rodman, J.E., Price, R.A., Karol, K.G., Conti, E., Sytsma, K.J., and Palmer J.D. 1993. Nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene indicate monophyly of mustard oil plants. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 80: 686-699.
35. Rodman, J.E., Karol, K.G., Price, R.A., Conti, E., and Sytsma, K.J. 1994. Nucleotide sequences of rbcL confirm the Capparalean affinity of the Australian endemic Gyrostemonaceae. Aust. Syst. Bot. 7: 57-69.
36. Rodman, J.E., Karol, K.G., Price, R.A., and Sytsma, K.J. 1996. Molecules, morphology, and Dahlgren's expanded order Capparales. Syst. Bot. 21: 289-307.
37. Rodman, J., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Sytsma, K., and Karol, K. 1997. Plastid rbcL shouts and nuclear 18S-ribosomal DNA whispers, but the message is the same: Dahlgren cuts the mustard. Am. J. Bot. 84(Suppl.): 226. (Abstr.)
38. Rodman, J.E., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., Sytsma, K.J., and Karol, K.G. 1998. Parallel evolution of glucosinolate biosynthesis inferred from congruent nuclear and plastid gene phylogenies. Am. J. Bot. 85: 997-1006.
39. Rohweder, O., and Endress, P.K. 1983. Samenpflanzen: Morphologie und Systematik der Angiospermen und Gymnospermen. Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany.
40. Ronse Decraene, L.P., and Smets, E.F. 1995. The distribution and systematic relevance of the androecial character oligomery. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 118: 193-247.
41. Ronse Decraene, L.P., and Smets, E.F. 1997. A floral ontogenetic study of some species of Capparis and Boscia, with special emphasis on the androecium. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 119: 231-255.
42. Ronse Decraene, L.P., De Laet, J., and Smets, E.F. 1998a. Floral development and systematic position of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). Ann. Bot. (London), 82: 273-284.
43. Ronse Decraene, L.P., Roels, P., Smets, E.F., and Backlund, A. 1998b The floral development and floral anatomy of Chrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusual member of the Saxifragaceae. J. Plant Res. 111: 573-580.
44. Sippel, A.D., Claassens, N.J.F., and Holtzhausen, L.C. 1989: Floral differentiation and development in Carica papaya cultivar "Sunrise Solo." Sci. Hortic. (Amst.), 40: 23-33.
45. Spencer, K.C., and Seigler, D.S. 1984. Cyanogenic glycosides of Carica papaya and its phylogenetic position with respect to the Violales and Capparales. Am. J. Bot. 71: 1444-1447.
46. Sprecher, A. 1943. Beitrag zur Morphologie von Carica papaya L. Bull. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 53A: 517-543.
47. Storey, W.B. 1958. Modifications of sex expression in papaya. Hortic. Adv. 2: 49-60.
48. Storey, W.B. 1969. Pistillate papaya flower: a morphological anomaly. Science (Washington, D.C.), 163: 401-405.
49. Takhtajan, A. 1980: Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). Bot. Rev. 46: 225-359.
50. Takhtajan, A. 1997. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
51. Thomas, V. 1991. Structural, functional and phylogenetic aspects of the colleter. Ann. Bot. (London), 68: 287-305.
52. Thorne, R.F. 1992. An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants. Aliso, 13: 365-389.
53. Thury, M. 1897. Observations sur la morphologie et l'organogénie florales des Passiflores. Bull. Herb. Boissier, 5: 494-503.
54. Tucker, S.C., and Douglas, A.W. 1994. Ontogenetic evidence and phylogenetic relationships among basal taxa of legumes. In Advances in legume systematics. Vol. 6. Structural botany. Edited by I.K. Ferguson and S.C. Tucker. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, U.K. pp. 11-32.
55. Tucker, S.C., Douglas, A.W., and Liang, H.-X. 1993. Utility of ontogenetic and conventional characters in determining phylogenetic relationships of Saururaceae and Piperaceae (Piperales). Syst. Bot. 18: 614-641.
56. Usteri, A. 1907. Studien über Carica papaya L. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 25: 485-495.
57. van Heel, W.A. 1966. Morphology of the androecium in Malvales. Blumea, 13: 177-394.
58. van Tieghem, P. 1903. Structure de l'ovule des Caricacées et place de cette famille dans la classification. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. No. 8, 17: 373-381.
59. Wester, P.J. 1908. The correlation of flower-and fruit-structure in Carica papaya. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 35: 141-146.
60. Whitmore, T.C. 1978. Caricaceae. In Flowering plants of the world. Edited by VH. Heywood. Croom Helm, London, U.K.
61. Willis, J.C. 1966. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. 8th. ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.