Differential employment rates in the journalism and mass communication labor force based on gender, race, and ethnicity: Exploring the impact of affirmative action

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 631-645

  Becker, Lee B ^a   Lauf, Edmund ^a   Lowrey, Wilson ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033474957     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909907600402     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barbara F. Reskin, The Realities of Affirmative Action in Employment (Washington, DC: The American Sociological Association, 1998), 6-7.
2. Susan Vernon-Gerstenfeld and Edmund Burke, "Affirmative Action in Nine Large Companies: A Field Study," Personnel 62 (April 1985): 54-60.
3. M.V. Lee Badgett and Heidi Hartmann, "The Effectiveness of Equal Employment Opportunity Policies," in Economic Perspectives on Affirmative Action, ed. M.C. Simms (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, 1995), 55-97; Lauren B. Edelman, "Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law," American Journal of Sociology 97 (May 1992): 1531-76.
4. M.V. Lee Badgett and Heidi Hartmann, "The Effectiveness of Equal Employment Opportunity Policies," in Economic Perspectives on Affirmative Action, ed. M.C. Simms (Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, 1995), 55-97; Lauren B. Edelman, "Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law," American Journal of Sociology 97 (May 1992): 1531-76.
5. Edelman, "Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law."
6. Harry J. Holtzer, "Are Affirmative Action Hires Less Qualified? Evidence from Employer-Employee Data on New Hires," Journal of Labor Economics 17 (July 1999): 534-69.
7. Joanne Miller, Corporate Responses to Diversity: A Benchmark Study (New York: Center for the New American Workforce, Queens College, City University of New York, 1994).
8. James A. Davis and Tom W. Smith, General Social Survey [MRDF] (Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center, 1994).
9. The American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1998, acknowledging that newspapes would fall short of achieving racial parity in newsrooms with the population by 2000, modified its mission statement on newsroom diversity to say newsrooms must reflect racial diversity of American society by 2025 or sooner. See "ASNE Sets New Vision for Newsroom Diversity Beyond 2000," News Release, American Society of Newspaper Editors, 20 October 1998.
10. Conrad C. Fink, Strategic Newspaper Management (New York: Random House, Inc., 1988).
11. Barry L. Sherman, Telecommunications Management: The Broadcast and Cable Industries (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987).
12. Reskin, The Realities of Affirmative Action in Employment, 25.
13. Reskin, The Realities of Affirmative Action in Employment.
14. William G. Bowen and Derek Bok, The Shape of the River: Long-term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998).
15. David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist in the 1990s: U.S. News People at the End of an Era (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996).
16. American Society of Newspaper Editors, ASNE's 1999 Newsroom Census: Minority Employment Inches Up in Daily Newspapers (Reston, VA: American Society of Newspaper Editors, 1999).
17. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998, 118th edition (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998).
18. Mark Granovetter, Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1995).
19. George Stigler, "The Economics of Information," Journal of Political Economy 69 (June 1961): 213-25.
20. Granovetter, Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, 39.
21. Karen Campbell and Rachel Rosenfeld, "Job Search and Job Mobility: Sex and Race Differences," Research in the Sociology of Work 3 (1985): 147-74; Susan Hanson and Geraldine Pratt, "Job Search and the Occupational Segregation of Women," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 81 (June 1991): 229-53.
22. Karen Campbell and Rachel Rosenfeld, "Job Search and Job Mobility: Sex and Race Differences," Research in the Sociology of Work 3 (1985): 147-74; Susan Hanson and Geraldine Pratt, "Job Search and the Occupational Segregation of Women," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 81 (June 1991): 229-53.
23. Granovetter, Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers.
24. Peter V. Marsden and Karen E. Campbell, "Recruitment and selection processes: the organizational side of job searches," in Social Mobility and Social Structure, ed. Ronald L. Breiger (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 59-79.
25. James E. Coverdill and William Finlay, "Fit and Skill in Employee selection: Insights from a Study of Headhunters," Qualitative Sociology 21 (summer 1998): 105-27.
26. Peter V. Marsden, "The Staffing Process," in Organizations in America, ed. Arne L. Kalleberg, David Knoke, Peter V. Marsden, and Joe L. Spaeth (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1996), 133-56.
27. John M. Barron and John Bishop, "Extensive Search, Intensive Search and Hiring Costs: New Evidence on Employer Hiring Activity," Economic Inquiry 23 (July 1985): 363-82.
28. Jeffrey Pfeffer and Yinon Cohen, "Determinants of Internal Labor Markets in Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 29 (December 1984): 550-72.
29. Barron and Bishop, "Extensive Search, Intensive Search and Hiring Costs: New Evidence on Employer Hiring Activity."
30. Lee B. Becker, Jeffrey W. Fruit, and Susan L. Caudill, The Training and Hiring of Journalists (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp., 1987).
31. Lee B. Becker, Gerald M. Kosicki, Thomas Engleman, and K. Viswanath, "Finding Work and Getting Paid: Predictors of Success in the Mass communications Job Market," Journalism Quarterly 70 (winter 1993): 919-33.
32. Dane Claussen, Wilson Lowrey, William B. Anderson, and Lee B. Becker, "Newsroom Structure: Why Does the Beat Go On?" (paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Colloquium of AEJMC, Lexington, KY, 1999).
33. James N. Baron, Alison Davis-Blake, and William T. Bielby, "The Structure of Opportunity: How Promotion Ladders Vary within and among Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 31 (June 1986): 248-73.
34. We found no systematic differences in the characteristics of minorities and nonminorities who do not seek communication employment.
35. The standardized logistic regression coefficient can be interpreted as roughly equivalent to a partial correlation coefficient.