Effects of study-test modality on false recognition

British Journal of Psychology

Volumn 90, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 477-493

  Maylor, Elizabeth A ^a   Mo, Andrew ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033458273     PISSN: 20448295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/000712699161567     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Avers, M. S. & Reder, L. M. (1998). A theoretical review of the misinformation effect: Predictions from an activation-based memory model. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 1-21
2. Challis B. H., Chiu, C.-Y., Kerr, S. A., Law, J., Schneider, L., Yonelinas, A. & Tulving, E. (1993). Perceptual and conceptual cueing in implicit and explicit retrieval. Memory, 1, 127-151.
3. Chase, W. G. & Calfee, R. C. (1969). Modality and similarity effects in short-term recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 510-514.
4. Conway, M. A. & Gathercole, S. E. (1987). Modality and long-term memory. Journal of Memory and Language 26, 341-361.
5. Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17-22.
6. Donaldson, W. (1996). The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Memory and Cognition, 24, 523-533.
7. Gallo D. A., Roberts, M. J. & Seamon, J. M. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 271-276.
8. Gardiner, J. M. (1983). On recency and echoic memory. Philosophal Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 302, 267-282.
9. Gardiner, J. M. (1988). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory and Cognition, 16, 309-313.
10. Gardiner, J. M. & Gregg, V. H. (1997). Recognition memory with little or no remembering: Implications for a detection model. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 474-179.
11. Gardiner, J. M., Java, R. I. & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1996). How level of processing really influences awareness in recognition memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 114-122.
12. Gathercole, S. E. & Conway, M. A. (1988). Exploring long-term modality effects: Vocalization leads to best retention. Memory and Cognition, 16, 110-119.
13. Glenberg, A. M. & Swanson, N. G. (1986). A temporal distinctiveness theory of recency and modality effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 3-15.
14. Gregg, V. H. & Gardiner, J. M. (1991). Components of conscious awareness in a long-term modality effect. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 153-162.
15. Greee, V. H. & Gardiner, J. M. (1994). Recognition memory and awareness: A large effect of study-test modalities on 'know' responses following a highly perceptual orienting task. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 6, 131-147.
16. Hashtroudi, S., Ferguson, S. A., Rappold, V. A. & Chrosniak, L. D. (1988). Data-driven and conceptually driven processes in partial-word identification and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 749-757.
17. Hirshman E. & Master, S. (1997). Modeling the conscious correlates of recognition memory: Reflections on the remember-know paradigm. Memory and Cognition, 25, 345-351.
18. Inoue, C. & Bellezza, F. (1998). The detection model of recognition using know and remember judgments. Memory and Cognition, 26, 299-308.
19. Israel, L. & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 577-581.
20. Jacoby, L. L. & Dallas, M. (1981). On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 306-340.
21. Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S. & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.
22. Kirsner, K. (1974). Modality differences in recognition memory for words and their attributes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 579-584.
23. Kirsner, K. & Craik, F. I. M. (1971). Naming and decision processes in short-term recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 88, 149-157.
24. Mather, M., Henkel, L. A. & Johnson, M. K. (1997). Evaluating characteristics of false memories: Remember/know judgments and memory characteristics questionnaire compared. Memory and Cognition, 25, 826-837.
25. McDermott, K. B. (1996). The persistence of false memories in list recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 212-230.
26. McDermott, K. B. & Roediger, H. L., III (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 508-520.
27. Norman, K. A. & Schacter, D. L. (1997). False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories. Memory and Cognition, 25, 838-848.
28. Payne, D. G., Elie, C. J., Blackwell, J. M. & Neuschatz, J. S. (1996). Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 261-285.
29. Penney, C. G. (1989). Modality effects and the structure of short-term verbal memory. Memory and Cognition, 17, 398-422.
30. Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory and Cognition, 21, 89-102.
31. Read, J. D. (1996). From a passing thought to a false memory in 2 minutes: Confusing real and illusory events. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 3, 105-111.
32. Robinson, K. J. & Roediger, H. L., III (1997). Associative processes in false recall and false recognition. Psychological Science, 8, 231-237.
33. Roediger, H. L., III (1996). Memory illusions. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 76-100.
34. Roediger, H. L., III & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814.
35. Roediger, H. L., III, McDermott, K. B. & Robinson, K. J. (1998). The role of associative processes in creating false memories. In M. A. Conway, S. E. Gathercole & Cornoldi, C. (Eds), Theories of memory, vol. II, pp. 187-245. Hove: Psychology Press.
36. Russell, W. A. & Jenkins, J. J. (1954). The complete Minnesota norms for responses to 100 words from the Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test (Technical Report No. 11, Contract N8 ONR 66216, Office of Naval Research). University of Minnesota.
37. Schacter, D. L. (1995). Memory distortion: History and current status. In D. L. Schacter, J. T. Coyle, G. D. Fischbach, M. M. Mesulam & L. E. Sullivan (Eds), Memory distortion: How minds, brains and societies reconstruct the past, pp. 1-43. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
38. Schacter, D. L., Israel, L. & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1-24.
39. Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M., Anes, M. D. & Racine, C. (1998). When true recognition suppresses false recognition: Evidence from amnesic patients. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 668-679.
40. Schacter, D. L., Verfaellie, M. & Pradere, D. (1996). The neuropsychology of memory illusions: False recall and recognition in amnesic patients. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 319-334.
41. Seamon, J. G., Luo, C. R. & Gallo, D. A. (1998). Creating false memories of words with or without recognition of list items: Evidence for nonconscious processes. Psychological Science, 9, 20-26.
42. Smith, R. E. & Hunt, R. R. (1998). Presentation modality affects false memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 710-715.
43. Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychologist, 26, 1-12.
45. Tulving, E. &Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352-373.
46. Tun, P. A., Wingfield, A., Rosen, M. J. & Blanchard, L. (1998). Response latencies for false memories: Gist-based processes in normal aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 230-241.
47. Tussing, A. A. & Greene, R. L. (1997). False recognition of associates: How robust is the effect? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 572-576.
48. Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 122-129.