Integument of Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura), with notes on bacterial symbionts and possible evidence of viral activity

Invertebrate Biology

Volumn 118, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 296-309

  McKenzie, J Douglas ^a   Hughes, David J ^a  

^a SCOTTISH MARINE INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cuticle; Invertebrate viruses

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ECHIURA; INVERTEBRATA; MAXMUELLERIA LANKESTERI; URECHIS CAUPO;

EID: 0033456572     PISSN: 10778306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3226999     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bereiter-Hahn J, Matoltsy AG, & Richards KS, eds., 1984. Biology of the Integument, Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
2. Berkeley RCW 1979. Structure and classification of prokaryotic micro-organisms. In: Micro-organisms: Function, Form and Environment, 2nd edition. Hawker LE & Linton AH, eds., pp. 135-175. Arnold, London.
3. Bock S 1942. On the structure and affinities of 'Thalassema' lankesteri Herdman and the classification of the group Echiuroidea. Goteborgs Vetensk. -o. Vitterh. Samh. Handl. Ser. B. 2 (6): 1-94.
4. Bosch C 1976. Sur un noveau type de symbiose chez la Bonellie (Bonellia viridis, Echiurien). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Serie D, 282: 2179-2182.
5. Bubel A 1989. Microstructure and Function of Cells. Ellis Horwood, Chichester. 271 pp.
6. Costerton JW, Ingram JM, & Cheng KJ 1974. Structure and function of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. Bact. Rev. 38: 87-110.
7. Dales S 1973. The structure and replication of reoviruses. In: Ultrastructure of Animal Viruses and Bacteriophages. Dalton AJ & Haguenau F, eds., pp. 155-172. Academic Press, New York.
8. Dalton AJ & Haguenau F, eds. 1973. Ultrastructure of Animal Viruses and Bacteriophages. Academic Press, New York. 413 pp.
9. DeCloitre F, Cassingena R, Estrade S, & Martin M 1991. Concominant alterations of microfilaments and microtubules in human epithelial cells (HBL-100) in relation to their malignant conversion. Tumor Biology 12: 111-119.
10. Distel DL, DeLong EF, & Waterbury JB 1991. Phylogenetic characterisation and in situ localisation of the bacterial symbiont of shipworms (Teredinidae: Bivalvia) using 16S rRNA sequence analysis and oligodeoxynucleotide probe hybridisation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 2376-2382.
11. Dubilier N, Giere O, Distel DL, & Cavanaugh CM 1995. Characterisation of chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts in a gutless marine worm (Oligochaeta, Annelida) by phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequence analysis and in situ hybridisation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 2346-2350.
12. Fisher WK & MacGinitie GE 1928. The natural history of an echiuroid worm. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10, 1: 204-213.
13. Gardiner SL 1992. Polychaeta: general organization, integument, musculature, coelom and vascular system. In: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 7: Annelida. Harrison FW & Gardiner SL, eds., pp. 19-52. Wiley-Liss, New York.
14. Ghyoot M & Jangoux M 1988. The fine structure of the globiferous pedicellariae of Spaerechinus granularis (Echinoidea): innervation of the stalk. In: Echinoderm Biology. Burke MD, Mladenov PV, Lambert P, & Parsley RL, eds., pp. 713-718. Balkema, Rotterdam.
15. Giere O 1981. The gutless marine oligochaete Phallodrilus leukodermatus. Structural studies on an aberrant tubificid associated with bacteria. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 5: 353-357.
16. Harrison FW, ed. 1991-1999. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Wiley, New York.
17. Hausmann K 1982. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Anaitides mucosa (Annelida Polychaeta). Cuticula und Cilien, Schleimzellen und Schleimextrusion. Helgo. Wiss, Meeresunters. 35: 79-96.
18. Heinzeller T & Welsch U 1994. Crinoidea. In: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 14: Echinodermata. Harrison FW & Chia FS, eds., pp. 9-148. Wiley-Liss, New York.
19. Higashi N 1973. The Togavirus family. In: Ultrastucture of Animal Viruses and Bacteriophages. Dalton AJ & Haguenau F, eds., pp. 173-195. Academic Press, New York.
20. Holland ND & Nealson KH 1978. The fine structure of the echinoderm cuticle and subcuticular bacteria of echinoderms. Acta. Zool. Stock. 59: 169-185.
21. Hughes DJ, Ansell AD, & Atkinson RJA 1996a. Sediment bioturbation by the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman) and its consequences for radionuclide dispersal in Irish Sea sediments. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 195: 203-220.
22. _ 1996b. Distribution, ecology and life cycle of Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura, Bonelliidae): a review with notes on field identification. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 76: 897-908.
23. Hughes DJ, Ansell AD, Atkinson RJA, & Nickell LA 1993. Underwater television observations of surface activity of the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura: Bonelliidae). J. Nat. Hist. 27: 219-248.
24. Jose KV 1964. The morphology of Acanthobonellia pirotanensis n. sp., a bonelliid from the Gulf of Kutch, India. J. Morph. 115: 53-68.
25. Kawaguti S 1971. Blue-green algae in echiuroid worms. In: Aspects of the Biology of Symbiosis. Cheng TC, ed., pp. 265-273. University Park Press, Baltimore.
26. Kelly DC 1987. Birnaviridae. In: Animal Virus Structure. Nermut MV & Steven AC, eds., pp. 129-134. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
27. Kelly MS & McKenzie JD 1995. A survey of the occurrence and morphology of sub-cuticular bacteria in shelf echinoderms from the north-east Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 123: 741-756.
28. Krall JT 1968. The cuticle and epidermal cells of Dero obtusa (family Naididae). J. Ultrastructure Res. 25: 84-93.
29. McHugh D 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 8006-8009.
30. McKenzie JD 1987. The ultrastructure of the tentacles of eleven species of dendrochirote holothurians studied with special reference to the surface coats and papillae. Cell Tissue Res. 248: 187-199.
31. _ 1988. Echinoderm surface coats: their ultrastructure, function and significance. In: Echinoderm Biology. Burke RD, Mladenov PV, Lambert P, & Parsley RL, eds., pp. 697-706. Balkema, Rotterdam.
32. McKenzie JD & Grigolava IG 1996. The echinoderm surface and its role in preventing microfouling. Biofouling 10: 261-272.
33. Mackie GO & Bone Q 1978. Luminescence and associated effector activity in Pyrosoma (Tunicata: Pyrosomida). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 202B: 483-495.
34. Madeley CR & Field AM 1988. Virus Morphology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 295 pp.
35. Menon JG & Arp AJ 1993. The integument of the marine echiuran worm Urechis caupo. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 185: 440-454.
36. Nabi IR, Guay C, & Simard D 1997. AMF-R tubules concentrate in a pericentriolar microtubule domain after MSV transformation of epithelial MDCK cells. J. Histochem. Cytochem 45: 1351-1363.
37. Nickell LA, Atkinson RJA, Hughes DJ, Ansell AD, & Smith CJ 1995. Burrow morphology of the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura: Bonelliidae) and a brief review of burrow structure and related ecology of the Echiura. J. Nat. Hist. 29: 871-885.
38. Palincsar EE, Jones WR, Palincsar JS, Glogowski MA, & Mastro JL 1989. Bacterial aggregates within the epidermis of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 177: 130-140.
39. Pilger JF 1993. Echiura. In: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 12. Harrison FW & Rice ME, eds., pp. 185-236. Wiley-Liss, New York.
40. Powell MA & Somero GN 1985. Sulfide oxidation occurs in the animal tissue of the gutless clam Solemya reidi. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 169: 164-181.
41. Rieger RM 1984. Evolution of the cuticle in the lower Eumetazoa. In: Biology of the Integument, Vol. 1. Bereiter-Hahn J, Matoltsy AG, & Richards KS, eds., pp. 310-322. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
42. Schembri PJ & Jaccarini V 1977. Locomotory and other movements of the trunk of Bonellia viridis (Echiura, Bonelliidae). J. Zool., Lond. 182: 477-494.
43. Smith CR, Jumars PA, & DeMaster DJ 1986. In situ studies of megafaunal mounds indicate rapid sediment turnover at the deep-sea floor. Nature 323: 251-253.
44. Southward EC 1986. Gill symbionts in thyasirids and other bivalve molluscs. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 66: 889-914.
45. Stephen AC & Edmonds SJ 1972. The phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. British Museum (Natural History), London. 528 pp.
46. Stull JK, Haydock CI, & Montagne DE 1986. Effects of Listriolobus pelades (Echiura) on coastal shelf benthic communities and sediments modified by a major Californian wastewater discharge. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 22: 1-17.
47. Wilkinson CR 1984. Immunological evidence for the Precambrian origin of bacterial symbioses in marine sponges. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 220B: 509-517.