Late spring ultraviolet levels over the United Kingdon and the link to ozone

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 17, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1199-1209

  Austin, J ^a   Driscoll, C M H ^b   Farmer, S F G ^a   Molyneux, M J ^a  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere composition and chemistry); Meterology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; radiative processes)

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033423206     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s005850050844     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Armstrong, B. K., Implications of increased solar UVB for cancer incidence, in The role of the stratosphere in global change, NATO ASI Series I, Environmental change, 8, Ed. M-L. Chanin, Springer-Verlag, London Berlin Heidelberg, 517-540, 1993.
2. Atkinson, R. J., W. A. Matthews, P. A. Newman, and R. A. Plumb, Evidence of the mid-latitude impact of Antarctic ozone depletion, Nature, 340, 290-294, 1989.
3. Austin, J., and N. Butchart, The influence of climate change and the timing of stratospheric warmings on Arctic ozone depletion, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1127-1145, 1994.
4. Austin, J., and A. F. Tuck, The calculation of stratospheric air parcel trajectories using satellite data, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 279-307, 1985.
5. 2 climate, Nature, 360, 221-225, 1992. (Also front cover of that Nature issue)
6. Braathen, G. O., M. Rummukainen, E. Kyrö, H. Gernandt, I. S. Mikkelsen, and M. Gill, Ozone trends and PSC incidence in the Arctic vortex during the 7 winters from 1988-89 to 1994-95, J. Atmos. Chem., in press, 1998.
7. Butchart, N., and J. Austin, On the relationship between the quasibiennial oscillation, total chlorine and the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 183-217, 1996.
8. Chipperfield, M. P., A three dimensional model comparison of PSC processing during the Arctic winters of 1991/1992 and 1992/ 1993, Annales Geophysicae, 12, 342-354, 1994.
9. Chipperfield, M. P., A. M. Lee, and J. A. Pyle, Model calculations of ozone depletion in the Arctic polar vortex for 1991-92 to 1994-95, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 559-562, 1996.
10. Clough, S. A, N. S. Grahame, and A. O'Neill, Potential vorticity in the stratosphere derived using data from satellites, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 335-358, 1985.
11. Coy, L., E. R. Nash, and P. A. Newman, Meteorology of the polar vortex: Spring 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2693-2696, 1997.
12. DeMore, W. B., Sander, S. P., Golden, D. M., Hampson, R. F., Kurylo, M. J., Howard, C. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E. and Molina, M. J., Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling, Evaluation number 12, JPL 97-4, 1997.
13. Driscoll, C. M. H., Increased solar UVR and ozone depletion, Radiol. Protect. Bull., 180, 14-16, 1996.
14. European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, The Northern Hemisphere stratosphere in the winter of 1997/98, Report prepared based on preliminary information from THESEO (Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone), pp. 10, 1998.
15. Farman, J. C., B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin, Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature, 315, 207-210, 1985.
16. von der Gathen, P., M. Rex, N. R. P. Harris, D. Lucic, B. M. Knudsen, G. O. Braathen, H. De Backer, R. Fabian, H. Fast, M. Gill, E. Kyrö, I.S. Mikkelsen, M. Rummukainen, J. Stähelin, and C. Varotsas, Observational evidence for chemical ozone depletion over the Arctic in winter 1991-92, Nature, 375, 131-134, 1995.
17. Hanson, D., and K. Mauersberger, Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: implications for the south polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 855-858, 1988.
18. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 877-946, 1985.
19. Kerr, J. B., and C. T. McElroy, Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet radiation linked to ozone depletion. Science, 262, 1032-1034, 1993.
20. Knudsen, B. M., and G. T. Carver, Accuracy of the isentropic trajectories calculated for the EASOE campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1999-1202, 1994.
21. Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, A note on the distribution of trends below 10 hPa: The extratropical Northern Hemisphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 73, 883-889, 1995.
22. McKinlay, A., and B. L. Diffey, A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin, in Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations, Eds. W.F. Passchier and B.F. Bosnajakovic, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 83-87, 1987.
23. Molyneux, M. J., S. F. G. Farmer and D. M. Moore, Unusually low monthly mean total ozone over southern England during April 1997, in Polar stratospheric ozone 1997, Eds. N.R.P. Harris, I. Kilbane-Dawe and G.T. Amanatidis, European Communities, Air pollution research report 66 pp. 220-223, Luxembourg, 1998.
24. Montzka, S. A., J. H. Butler, R. C. Myers, T. M. Thompson, T. H. Swanson, A. D. Clarke, L. T. Lock, and J. W. Elkins, Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons: implications for stratospheric ozone depletion, Science, 272, 1318-1322, 1996.
25. Muller, R. et al., Severe chemical ozone loss in the Arctic during the winter of 1995-96, Nature, 389, 709-712, 1997.
26. Naujokat, B., and S. Pawson, The cold stratospheric winters 1994/ 1995 and 1995/1996, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3703-3706, 1996.
27. Neuendorffer, A. C., Ozone monitoring with TIROS-N operational vertical sounders, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,807-18,828, 1996.
28. Ohring, G., and H. S. Muench, Relationships between ozone and meteorological parameters in the lower stratosphere, J. Meteorol., 17, 195-206, 1960.
29. Pawson, S. and B. Naujokat, Trends in daily wintertime temperatures in the northern stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 575-578, 1997.
30. Randel, W. J., and F. Wu, Cooling of the Arctic and Antarctic polar atmospheres due to ozone depletion, J. Clim., in press, 1998.
31. Rex M., N. R. P. Harris, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, G. O. Braathen, E. Reimer, A. Beck, M. P. Chipperfield, R. Alfier, M. Allaart, F. O'Connor, H. Dier, V. Dorokhov, H. Fast, M. Gil, E. Kyrö, Z. Litynska, I. S. Mikkelsen, M. G. Molyneux, H. Nakane, J. Notholt, M. Rummukainen, P. Viatte, and J. Wenger, Prolonged stratospheric ozone loss in the 1995-96 Arctic winter, Nature, 389, 835-838, 1997.
32. Rex, M., von der Gathen, P., N. R. P. Harris, D. Lucic, B. M. Knudsen, G. O. Braathen, S. J. Reid, H. De Backer, H. Claude, R. Fabian, H. Fast, M. Gil, E. Kyrö, I. S. Mikkelsen, M. Rummukainen, H. G. Smit, J. Stähelin, C. Varotsas, and I. Zaitcev, In situ measurements of stratospheric ozone depletion rates in the Arctic winter 1991/1992: A Lagrangian approach, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5843-5853, 1998.
33. Russell, J. M. III (Ed.), Satellite observations, Middle Atmosphere Program, Handbook for MAP, 22, 302pp, 1986.
34. Shindell, D. T., D. Rind, and P. Lonergan, Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, Nature, 392, 589-592, 1998.
35. Shine, K. P., On the modelled thermal response of the Antarctic stratosphere to a depletion of ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1331-1334, 1986.
36. Solomon, S., Progress towards a quantitative understanding of Antarctic ozone depletion, Nature, 347, 347-354, 1990.
37. Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, U. Köler and K. P. Hoinka, Correlations between tropopause height and total ozone: Implications for long-term changes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19,183-19,192, 1998.
38. Stolarski, R. S., Monitoring stratospheric ozone from space, in The role of the stratosphere in climate change, Ed. Chanin, M-L, NATO ASI 18, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 319-346, 1993.
39. SORG, Stratospheric Ozone 1993, Fifth report of the United Kingdom Stratospheric Ozone Review Group, HMSO, London, 1993.
40. SORG, Stratospheric Ozone 1996, Sixth report of the United Kingdom Stratospheric Ozone Review Group. Department of Environment reference number 96DPL0020, 1996.
41. Swinbank, R., and A. O'Neill, A stratosphere-troposphere data assimilation system., Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 686-702, 1994.
42. UMIRG, The potential effects of ozone depletion in the United Kingdom, Report by the United Kingdom UVB Measurements and Impacts Review Group, London, The Stationary Office, 1996.
43. WMO, WMO guide to instruments and methods of observation, WMO Report 8, 1996.
44. WMO, Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1998, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 44, 1999.
45. Zurek, R. W., G. L. Manney, A. J. Miller, M. E. Gelman, and R. M. Nagatani, Interannual variability of the north polar vortex in the lower stratosphere during the UARS mission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 289-292, 1996.