The Phoenix of bipolarity: Reply to Watson and Tellegen (1999)

Psychological Bulletin

Volumn 125, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 611-617

  Russell, James A ^a   Carroll, James M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033416937     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.5.611     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bentler, P. M. (1969). Semantic space is (approximately) bipolar. Journal of Psychology, 71, 33-40.
2. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
3. Bradburn, N. M., & Caplovitz, D. (1965). Reports on happiness. Chicago: Aldine.
4. Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401-423.
5. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3-25.
6. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1999). The affect system has parallel and integrative processing components: Form follows function. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 839-855.
7. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668-678.
8. Davidson, R. J., & Ekman, P. (1994). Afterword: How are emotions distinguished from moods, temperament, and other related affective constructs? In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 94-96). New York: Oxford University Press.
9. Diener, E., & Iran-Nejad, A. (1986). The relationship in experience between various types of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1031-1038.
10. Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., Levine, S., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). Intensity and frequency: Dimensions underlying positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1253-1265.
11. Fabrigar, L. R., Visser, P. S., & Browne, M. W. (1997). Conceptual and methodological issues in testing the circumplex structure of data in personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 184-203.
12. Feldman Barrett, L., & Russell, J. A. (1998). Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 967-984.
13. Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 45-55.
14. Frijda, N. H. (1993). Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (pp. 381-404). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Green, D. P., Goldman, S. L., & Salovey, P. (1993). Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1029-1041.
16. Green, D. P., & Salovey, P. (in press). In what sense are positive and negative affect independent? A reply to Tellegen, Watson, and Clark. Psychological Science.
17. Green, D. P., Salovey, P., & Truax, K. M. (1999). Static, dynamic, and causative bipolarity of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 856-867.
18. Green, R. F., & Goldfried, M. R. (1965). On the bipolarity of semantic space. Psychological Monographs, 79 (6, Whole No. 599).
19. Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1992). Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotion. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 25-59). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
20. Meddis, R. (1972). Bipolar factors in mood adjective checklists. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 178-184.
21. Muthén, B. O. (1994). Goodness of fit with categorical and other nonnormal variables. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 205-234). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
22. Nowlis, V., & Nowlis, H. H. (1956). The description and analysis of mood. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 65, 345-355.
23. Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P., Briner, R. B., & Reynolds, S. (1996). Changing moods: The psychology of mood and mood regulation. London: Longman.
24. Remington, N. A., Fabrigar, L. R., & Visser, P. S. (1998). Re-examining the circumplex model of affect. Unpublished manuscript, University of Maryland Baltimore County.
25. Russell, J. A. (1979). Affective space is bipolar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 345-356.
26. Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161-1178.
27. Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M. (1999). On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 3-30.
28. Russell, J. A., & Feldman Barrett, L. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 805-819.
29. Russell, J. A., Yik, M. S. M., & Steiger, J. H. (1999). A 12-point circumplex model of affect. Manuscript submitted for publication.
30. Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513-523.
31. Steiger, J. H. (1994). Factor analysis in the 1980's and the 1990's: Some old debates and some new developments. In I. Borg & P. P. Mohler (Eds.), Trends and perspectives in empirical social research (pp. 201-223). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
32. Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994, August). Modeling dimensions of mood. In L. A. Feldman (Chair), Mood: Consensus and controversy. Symposium conducted at the 102nd Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA.
33. Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (in press). On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychological Science.
34. Thayer, R. E. (1989). The biopsychology of mood and activation. New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of positive and negative affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1020-1030.
36. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). Emotions, moods, traits, and temperaments: Conceptual distinctions and empirical findings. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 89-93). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). The measurement and mismeasurement of mood: Recurrent and emergent issues. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 267-296.
38. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
39. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
40. Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1999). Issues in the dimensional structure of affect - Effects of descriptors, measurement error, and response formats: Comment on Russell and Carroll (1999). Psychological Bulletin, 125, 601-610.
41. Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 820-838.
42. Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., & Feldman Barrett, L. (in press). Structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
43. Zevon, M. A., & Tellegen, A. (1982). The structure of mood change: An idiographic/nomothetic analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 111-122.