Democratisation or the democratisation of corruption? The case of Uganda

Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 37-64

  Watt, David ^a   Flanary, Rachel ^b   Theobald, Robin ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORRUPTION; DEMOCRATIZATION; POLITICAL SYSTEM;

UGANDA;

EID: 0033410201     PISSN: 03063631     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14662049908447796     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. World Bank, 'Report of a World Bank Mission to Support the Program of the Republic of Uganda to Improve Economic Governance and to Combat Corruption', Poverty Reduction and Social Development Unit, 1998.
2. Augustine Ruzindana, 'The Part Played by Structural Reforms of the State in Fighting Corruption: The Case in Uganda', International Anti-Corruplion Conference, 1997.
3. Fetter Langseth, 'Civil Service Reform in Uganda: Lessons Learned', Public Administration and Development, 17 (1995), 366.
4. Oliver Furley and James Katalikavve, 'Constitutional Reform in Uganda: The New Approach', African Affairs 5, 383 (April 1997), 243-60. See also George Kanyeihamba, 'Power that Rode Naked through Uganda under the Muzzle of a Gun', in Holger Bernt Hansen and Michael Twaddle (eds.), Uganda Now: Between Decay and Development (London: James Currey, 1995), 70-82.
5. Oliver Furley and James Katalikavve, 'Constitutional Reform in Uganda: The New Approach', African Affairs 5, 383 (April 1997), 243-60. See also George Kanyeihamba, 'Power that Rode Naked through Uganda under the Muzzle of a Gun', in Holger Bernt Hansen and Michael Twaddle (eds.), Uganda Now: Between Decay and Development (London: James Currey, 1995), 70-82.
6. Library of Congress (1990) http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc/htm#ug0073.
7. Andrew Goudie, 'United Kingdom Department for International Development', Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conference on Corruption and Integrity Initiatives, 1997.
8. Oliver Furley, 'Democratisation in Uganda', African Studies Association of the United Kingdom Biennial Conference, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 14-16 Sept. 1998.
9. Ibid.
10. The government has recently adopted the term 'public service' in place of 'civil service', which is consistent with the use of the term in the 1995 Constitution.
11. Structural adjustment policies often emphasise the need to redefine the role of government and its relationship to the population. Public service reform plays an integral part in this process given that it undertakes such functions as economic policy making, revenue collection, infrastructural provision and the delivery of services, all of which are fundamental in defining the links between the government and the public.
12. Ministry of Public Service, 'Public Service 2002: Public Service Reform Programme 1997-2002', Republic of Uganda, 1997, iii.
13. Langseth, 'Civil Service Reform in Uganda', 366.
14. Ministry of Public Service, 'Public Service 2002', 2.
15. Ibid., 4.
16. World Bank, 'Report of a World Bank Mission', 50.
17. See especially the World Bank which, in its 1997 Report, although unequivocal as to the pivotal importance of meritocratic principles in administrative reform, remains vague about their establishment. World Bank, The State in a Changing World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 7, 9, 104, 105.
18. CIET International, 'National Integrity Survey: 1998 Baseline Uganda' Report to the Inspectorate of Government, Kampala, Uganda, 1998.
19. Ibid., 13.
20. Ibid., 12.
21. Dubey, 'Decentralisation: Some Afro-Asian Reflections', Indian Journal of Public Administration, 44, 1 (1998), 50.
22. K.G. Enid, 'Customer Service as an Element of the Civil Service Reform Programme in Uganda', Development and Socio-Economic Progress, 20, 66 (1996), 47.
23. The lowest level of the RC system is RC1, which is composed of all adult residents of a village. RC1 then elects nine representatives to the RC2 (parish) level. RC2 go on to elect nine representatives to the RC3 level (sub-county) and so on to RC4 (county) level and RC5 (district) level. The parliament is partially elected through this system. See C. Cannon-Lorgen, 'NGOs in Transition: The Changing Context of the Health Sector in Uganda' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1998), 4.
24. The Constitution of Uganda (1995) Chapter 11. http://www.uganda.co.ug/Content.htm, version current at 02.04.99.
25. E.A. Brett, 'Rebuilding Survival Structures for the Poor: Organizational Options for Development in the 1990s', in Holger Bernt Hansen and Michael Twaddle (eds.), Changing Uganda (London: James Currey Ltd, 1991), 307.
26. Susan Dicklich, 'The Democratization of Uganda Under the NRM Regime' (International Political Science Association, 1994).
27. Erich Ogoso Opolot, 'Iganga is not all about Corruption', New Vision, 23 Feb. 1998, 18.
28. Joyce Namutebi, 'Kiboga can only Boast of its Hospital', New Vision, 11 Feb. 1998, 16.
29. World Bank, The State in a Changing World, 10.
30. Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), Tracking of Public Expenditure on Primary Education and Primary Health Care' (Makerere University, 1996), xiii.
31. Extreme cases of this are Adjumani, where government grants make up 74 per cent of projected revenue (New Vision, 16 Feb. 1998), and Hoima, where they make up 82 per cent of the budget (New Vision, 28 Jan. 1998).
32. Extreme cases of this are Adjumani, where government grants make up 74 per cent of projected revenue (New Vision, 16 Feb. 1998), and Hoima, where they make up 82 per cent of the budget (New Vision, 28 Jan. 1998).
33. EPRC, 'Tracking of Public Expenditure, xiii.
34. See, for example. Ting Gong, 'Forms and Characteristics of China's Corruption in the 1990s: Change with Continuity', Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 30, 3 (1997), 277-88; and Lydia Segal, 'The Pitfalls of Political Decentralisation and Proposals for Reform: The Case of New York City Public Schools', Public Administration Review, 57, 2 (1997), 141-9. Even the World Bank, whilst enthusiastic about decentralisation, warns of the potential danger of 'local capture'. World Bank, The State in a Changing World, 11.
35. See, for example. Ting Gong, 'Forms and Characteristics of China's Corruption in the 1990s: Change with Continuity', Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 30, 3 (1997), 277-88; and Lydia Segal, 'The Pitfalls of Political Decentralisation and Proposals for Reform: The Case of New York City Public Schools', Public Administration Review, 57, 2 (1997), 141-9. Even the World Bank, whilst enthusiastic about decentralisation, warns of the potential danger of 'local capture'. World Bank, The State in a Changing World, 11.
36. See, for example. Ting Gong, 'Forms and Characteristics of China's Corruption in the 1990s: Change with Continuity', Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 30, 3 (1997), 277-88; and Lydia Segal, 'The Pitfalls of Political Decentralisation and Proposals for Reform: The Case of New York City Public Schools', Public Administration Review, 57, 2 (1997), 141-9. Even the World Bank, whilst enthusiastic about decentralisation, warns of the potential danger of 'local capture'. World Bank, The State in a Changing World, 11.
37. Geoffrey Tukahebwa, 'Privatization as a Development Policy', in Holger Bernt Hansen and Michael Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda (Oxford: James Currey, 1998), 59-72.
38. World Bank, The State in a Changing World, 22.
39. Auditor General, 'The Public Accounts of the Republic of Uganda for the Year Ended 30th June 1997', Republic of Uganda, 1998, 171
40. Barbara Harriss-White and Gordon White, 'Corruption, Liberalisation and Democracy', IDS Bulletin, 27, 2 (1996), 3.
41. Furley, 'Democratisation in Uganda'.
42. New Vision, 3 Feb. 1999.
43. See Furley, 'Democratisation in Uganda', 8, 9.
44. Susan Dicklich, 'Indigenous NGOs and Political Participation', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 145-58.
45. Ogoso Opolot, 'The Media: A Pillar in Fighting Corruption', in Petter Langseth and Augustine Ruzindana (eds.), Fighting Corruption in Uganda: The Process of Building a National Integrity System (Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers, 1998).
46. See J. Oloka-Onyango, 'Uganda's Benevolent Dictatorship', Current History, 96, 610 (1997), 212-16.
47. Inspectorate of Government Report to Parliament, July 1997-April 1998, Chapter 4. Republic of Uganda.
48. Ibid., 19-22. Also Inspectorate of Government Corporate and Development Plans for the Period January 1999-December 2001, Government of Uganda.
49. New Vision, 3 Feb. 1999, 3.
50. M. Matembe, 'Government Policy and Action Plan to Fight Corruption', Statement to the December 1998 Consultative Group Meeting.
51. Y. Museveni, 'Democracy and Good Governance in Africa: An African Perspective', Mediterrean Quarterly, 5,4 (1994), 1-8.
52. Furley and Katalikawe, 'Constitutional Reform in Uganda', 252-3.
53. Goran Hyden, 'The Challenges of Constitutionalizing Politics in Uganda', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 117.
54. Anthony J. Regan, 'Decentralisation Policy: Reshaping State and Society', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 171.
55. Segal, 'The Pitfalls of Political Decentralisation', 147.
56. Mary R. Mugenyi, 'Towards the Empowerment of Women: A Critique of NRM Policies and Programmes', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 133-14. See also Aili Mari Tripp, 'Local Women's Associations and Politics in Contemporary Uganda', in ibid., 120-32.
57. Mary R. Mugenyi, 'Towards the Empowerment of Women: A Critique of NRM Policies and Programmes', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 133-14. See also Aili Mari Tripp, 'Local Women's Associations and Politics in Contemporary Uganda', in ibid., 120-32.
58. Edward A. Brett, 'Rebuilding Organisational Capacity in Uganda under the National Resistance Movement', Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 1 (1994), 71.
59. See Segal, 'The Pitfalls of Political Decentralisation'; Mark Turner and David Hulme, Governance, Administration and Development: Making the State Work (London: Macmillan, 1997).
60. For example, the accounts of State House being classified afford ample opportunities for cronyism as evidenced by the extraordinary number of ministers (60) when there are only 21 ministries.
61. New Vision, 10 Feb. 1999.
62. Sunday Vision, 7 Feb. 1999.
63. The Tanzanian Daily Mail of 14 Jan. 1999 mentioned six companies operating in eastern Congo in which Museveni's wife, his brother, Vice-President Paul Kagame and James Kagame are alleged to have shares. Cited by Filip Reyntjens, 'Briefing: The Second Congo War, more than a Remake', African Affairs, 98, 391 (April 1999), 249.
64. The Tanzanian Daily Mail of 14 Jan. 1999 mentioned six companies operating in eastern Congo in which Museveni's wife, his brother, Vice-President Paul Kagame and James Kagame are alleged to have shares. Cited by Filip Reyntjens, 'Briefing: The Second Congo War, more than a Remake', African Affairs, 98, 391 (April 1999), 249.
65. Goran Hyden, 'The Challenges of Constitutionalizing Politics in Uganda', 112.
66. Sandrine Perrot, 'Rebellions in Northern Uganda: The Paradox of Instability', African Studies Association of the United Kingdom Biennial Conference, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 14-16 Sept. 1998.
67. Transparency International and Gottingen University (1998), http://www.transparency.de/ documents/cpi/index.html.
68. New Vision, 3 Feb. 1999.
69. We note, but for obvious reasons are unable to deal with here, the likely devastating consequences of AIDS for the development of Uganda's human resources. See Maryinez Lyons, 'AIDS and Development in Uganda', in Hansen and Twaddle (eds.), Developing Uganda, 194-206.
70. Brett 'Rebuilding'.
71. Mahmood Mamdani, 'Uganda in Transition: Two Years of the NRA/NRM', Third World Quarterly, 10, 3 (1988), 1155-81.