Briefing: The second Congo war: More than a remake

African Affairs

Volumn 98, Issue 391, 1999, Pages 241-250

  Reyntjens, Filip ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004750843     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008010     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. On the role of the neighbouring countries, see F. Reyntjens, 'La rébellion au CongoZaïre; une affaire de voisins', Hérodote nr. 86-87 (1997) pp. 57-77.
2. On this, see F. Reyntjens and S. Marysse (eds), Conflits au Kivu: antecedents et enjeux, (Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Centre for the Study of the Great Lakes Region of Africa, 1996).
3. Although the involvement of the RPA was well documented from October 1996 onwards, it took Rwandan Vice-Président General Paul Kagame nine months to admit the obvious; see J. Pomfret, 'Defense Minister says Arms, Troops Supplied for Anti-Mobutu Drive. The Washington Post, 9 July 1997.
4. J. C. McKinley, 'Mobutu Is Gone, but Fighting Goes On', International Herald Tribune, 14 October 1997.
5. K. Davies, 'Workers Report Fighting in Congo', Nairobi, Associated Press, 10 September 1997.
6. E. Lubala. 'La situation politique au Kivu: vers une dualisation de la société', in F. Reyntjens and S. Marysse (eds), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998 (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1998), pp. 307-33.
7. It should be recalled that 'Bantu' refers to a linguistic classification ('Bantu languages') and that, scientifically speaking, the idea of a 'Bantu' ethnic group makes no sense. Actually, some 'Bantu' speak Nilotic languages, while some 'Nilotics' speak Bantu languages.
8. The expression comes from Colette Braeckman. 'La quadrature du cercle, ou l'ingratitude obligée', in Kabila prend le pouvoir (GRIP-Editions Complexe, Brussels 1998), pp. 175-80.
9. Reuter, Nairobi, 16 July 1997.
10. AFP, Kinshasa, 15 July 1997.
11. AFP, Johannesburg, 13 July 1997.
12. Despite the obstacles, a report was published: UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General's Investigative Team charged Kith investigating serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 29 June 1998, S/1998/581.
13. Reuter, Kinshasa, 3 August 1998.
14. The exact amount, due mainly to the state-owned Zimbabwe Defence Industries (ZDI), is unknown, but estimates range from USS40 million to USS200 million.
15. UN Security Council, Final Report of the International Commission of Inquiry (Rwanda), 18 November 1998, S/1998/1096, paras 86-87.
16. Reuter, Brussels, 13 July 1997.