The effect of simulated flight feather moult on escape take-off performance in starlings

Journal of Avian Biology

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 351-358

  Swaddle, John P ^a   Williams, Emma V ^a   Rayner, Jeremy M V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; MOLT; PLUMAGE;

AVES; GALLIFORMES; PASSERIFORMES; STURNIDAE; STURNUS VULGARIS;

EID: 0033407615     PISSN: 09088857     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3677007     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bonser, R. H. C. and Rayner, J. M. V. 1996. Measuring leg thrust forces in the common starling. - J. Exp. Biol. 199: 435-439.
2. Brown, R. H. J. 1963. The night of birds. - Biol. Rev. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 38: 460-489.
3. Chai, P. 1997. Hummingbird hovering energetics during moult of primary flight leathers. - J. Exp. Biol. 200: 1527-1536.
4. Drovetski, S. V. 1996. Influence of the trailing-edge notch on flight performance of galliforms. - Auk 113: 802-810.
5. Hand, D. J. and Taylor, C. C. 1987. Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Repeated Measures: A Practical Approach for Behavioural Scientists. - Chapman Hall, London.
6. Heppner, F. H. and Anderson, J. G. T. 1985. Leg thrust important in flight take-off in the pigeon. - J. Exp. Biol. 114: 285-288.
7. Lanczos, C. 1957. Applied Analysis. - Isaac Pitman and Sons, London.
8. Lima, S. L. 1993. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on escape from predatory attack: a survey of North American birds. - Wilson Bull. 105: 1-47.
9. Lorenz, K. 1933. Beobachtetes über das Fliegen der Vögel und über die Beziehungen der Flügel-und Steuerform zur Art des Fluges. - J. Ornithol. 81: 107-236.
10. Marden, J. H. 1987. Maximum lift production during takeoff in flying animals. - J. Exp. Biol. 130: 235-258.
11. Norberg, R. Å. and Norberg, U. M. 1971. Take-off, landing and flight speed during fishing flights of Gavia stellata (Pont.). - Ornis Scand. 2: 55-67.
12. Pennycuick, C. J. 1975. Mechanics of flight. - In: Farner, D. S. and King, J. R. (eds). Avian Biology. Volume 5. Academic Press, New York, pp. 1-75.
13. Rayner, J. M. V. 1979. A new approach to animal flight mechanics. - J. Exp. Biol. 80: 17-54.
14. Rayner, J. M. V. 1990. The mechanics of flight and bird migration performance. - In: Gwinner, E. (ed). Bird Migration: The Physiology and Ecophysiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 283-299.
15. Rayner, J. M. V. 1995. Dynamics of the vortex wakes of flying and swimming vertebrates. - Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 49: 131-155.
16. Rayner, J. M. V. and Aldridge, H. D. J. N. 1985. Three-dimensional reconstruction of animal flight paths and the turning flight of microchiropteran bats. - J. Exp. Biol. 118: 247-265.
17. Simpson, S. F. 1983. The flight mechanism of the pigeon Columbia livia during take-off. - J. Zool. Lond. 200: 435-443.
18. Spedding, G. R., Rayner, J. M. V. and Pennycuick, C. J. 1984. Momentum and energy in the wake of a pigeon (Columba livia) in slow flight. - J. Exp. Biol. 111: 81-102.
19. SPSS Inc. 1988. SPSSx User's Guide. 3rd edn. SPSS Incorporated, Chicago.
20. Swaddle, J. P. and Witter, M. S. 1997. The effects of molt on the flight performance, body mass and behavior of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): an experimental approach. - Can. J. Zool. 75: 1135-1146.
21. Swaddle, J. P., Witter, M. S., Cuthill, I. C., Budden, A. and McCowen, P. 1996. Plumage condition affects flight performance in Common Starlings: implications for developmental homeostasis, abrasion and moult. - J. Avian Biol. 27: 103-111.
22. Thomas, A. E. R. 1993. On the aerodynamics of birds' tails. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 340: 361-380.
23. Tucker, V. A. 1991. The effect of moulting on the gliding performance of a Harris' hawk (Parubuteo unicinctus). -Auk 108: 108-113.
24. Tucker, V. A. 1993. Gliding birds: reduction of induced drag by wingtip slots between the primary feathers. - J. Exp. Biol. 180: 285-310.
25. Tucker, V. A. 1995. Drag reduction by wing tip slots in a gliding Harris' hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus. - J. Exp. Biol. 198: 775-781.
26. Williams, E. V., Gordon, R. and Rayner, J. M. V. 1998. Wingbeat kinematics and wake structure in the European starling Sturnus vulgaria. - In: Adams, N. J. and Slotow, R. H. (eds). Proc. 22 Int. Ornithol. Congr., Ostrich 69: 237.
27. Witter, M. S., Cuthill, I. C. and Bonser, R. H. C. 1994. Experimental investigations of mass-dependent predation risk in the European starling, Sturnus vulqaris. - Anim. Behav. 48: 201-222.
28. Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. - Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.