Democracy and state bias in Latin America: Some lessons from Mexico, Peru and Venezuela

Democratization

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 74-92

  Philip, George ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORRUPTION; DEMOCRACY; INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK; POLITICAL SYSTEM;

MEXICO; PERU; VENEZUELA;

EID: 0033393389     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510349908403633     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. F. Zakaria, 'The Rise of Illiberal Democracy', Foreign Affairs, Vol.76, No.6 (1997), pp.22-43.
2. M. Plattner, 'Liberalism and Democracy', Foreign Affairs, Vol.77, No.2 (1998), pp.171-80.
3. B. Gills and Rocamora, 'Low Intensity Democracy', Third World Quarterly, Vol.13, No.3 (1992),pp.501-23.
4. World Bank, World Development Report (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) and
5. M. Nairn, 'Latin America: The Second Stage of Reforms', in L. Diamond and M. Plattner (eds.), Economic Reforms and Democracy (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
6. N.J. Phillips, 'Globalization and State Power: Political and Economic Reform in Argentina 1989-1995', Ph.D., University of London, 1998.
7. D. North, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990);
8. B.C. Peters, Institutional Theory in Political Science (London: Pinter, 1999).
9. K. Weyland, 'Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America:.Unexpected Affinities', Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol.31, No.3 (1996), pp.3-31.
10. This finding comes out very clearly in the case of Venezuela from repeated surveys by Mercoanalisis.
11. Wayne Cornelius and others (eds.), Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (San Diego, CA: University of California Press, 1989),
12. Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997),
13. Neil Harvey, Mexico: Dilemmas of Transition (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1993).
14. Andres Oppenheimer, Mexico: En La Frontera del Caos (Mexico City: Etoile, 1995), George Philip, 'The Lawless Presidency: Economic Crisis and Democratic Accountability in Mexico', 1910-94', Démocratisation, Vol.5, No. 1 (Spring 1998), pp.23-43.
15. LaJomada, 16 June 1999
16. Salas Porras A., 'The Mexican Business Class and the Processes of Globalization: Trends and Counter-trends', Ph.D., University of London, 1997.
17. A. Amezcua and J. Pardinas, Todos los Gobeniadores del Présidente: cuando el dedo de imo aplasta el voto popular (Mexico City: Grijalbo, 1997), Jeffrey Weldon, 'Political Sources of Presidencialismo in Mexico', in Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Shugart (eds.), Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.225-58.
18. The best recent study of the political role of the Peruvian military is E. Obando, 'CivilMilitary Relations in Peru 1980-1996: How to Control and Co-Opt the Military (and the consequences of doing so)', in S. Stern (ed.), Shining and Other Paths: war and society in Peru, 19SO-1995 (Durham, NC and London; Duke University Press, 1998). pp.385 10.
19. John Crabtrce and Jim Thomas (eds.), Fujimori's Peru: The Political Economy (London: Institute of Latin American Studies 1998), John Tulchin and Gary Bland (eds.), Peru in Crisis: Dictatorship or Democracy? (Washington; Woodrow Wilson Center, 1995), Fernando Tuesta Soldevilla (ed.), Los Enigmas del Poder: Fujimori 1990-96 (Lima: Fundacion Friedrich Ebert, 1996).
20. Carol Sahley, 'The Political Evolution of the Industrial Bourgeoisie in Peru: industrialists, bankers and the Garcia government 1985-90', Ph.D., University of London, 1995.
21. Mario Vargas Llosa, A Fish in the Water (London; Faber & Faber, 1994).
22. In addition to Crabtree and Thomas (eds.), Fujimori's Peru, see B. Kay, 'Fujipopulism and the Liberal State in Peru', Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Vol.38, No.4 (1997).
23. Francisco Durandt and Rosemary Thorp, Tax Reform: The SUNAT Experience', in Crabtree and Thomas (eds.), Fujimori's Peru, pp.209-2S. r
24. Interview with Guillermo Runciman, Lima, November 1998. Runciman was an economic advisor to Fujimori until his resignation in 1994.
25. Interview with Leoni Rosa 20 November 1998. Ms Rosa was involved in planning an administrative reform in Peru, which in the end never went ahead.
26. Michael Coppedge, Strong Parlies and Lame Ducks: Presidential Partyarchy and Factionalism in Venezuela (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994).
27. For a discussion which stresses the economic dimension of this system, see Terry Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petm-States (Stanford, CA: University of California Press, 1997).
28. This point was very much stressed by Jorge Giordani, Caracas, 25 November 1998. Giordani later became Minister of Cordiplan under Châvez.
29. G. Philip, 'Venezuelan Democracy and the Coup Attempt of February 1992', Government and Opposition, Vol.27, No.4 (1992), pp.455-69.
30. L. Goodman et. al.. Lessons of the Venezuelan Experience. (Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1995), Julia Buxton, 'The Venezuela Party System 1988-1995 with Reference to the Rise and Decline of Radical Cause', Ph.D., University of London, 1999.
31. On the Venezuelan case, see Walter Little and Antonio Herrera, 'Political Corruption in Venezuela', in Walter Little and Eduardo Posada-Carbo (eds.), Political Corruption in Europe and Latin America (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1996).
32. For a discussion which broaches a similar question to the one considered here, but from civil society rather than the electoral process, see Jenny Pearce, 'Civil Society, the Market and Democracy in Latin America', Democratization, Vol.4, No.l (1997), pp.57-83.