From Adygeya to Yaroslavl: Factors of party development in the regions of Russia, 1995-1998

Europe - Asia Studies

Volumn 51, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1333-1365

  Golosov, Grigorii V ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL SYSTEM; REGIONAL POLITICS;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

EID: 0033370152     PISSN: 09668136     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09668139998372     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. D. Badovsky & A. Shutov, 'Regional'nye elity v postsovetskoi Rossii: osobennosti politicheskogo uchastiya', Kentavr, 1995, 6, pp. 3-23; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'New Russian Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy', Government and Opposition, 30, 1, 1995, pp. 110-119; V. Gel'man & amp; O. Senatova, 'Politicheskie partii v regionakh Rossii: dinamika i tendentsii', Vlast', 1995, 5, pp. 39-48; Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1995); Ruth Brown, 'Party Development in the Regions: When Parties Start to Play a Role in Polities', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 9-30.
2. D. Badovsky & A. Shutov, 'Regional'nye elity v postsovetskoi Rossii: osobennosti politicheskogo uchastiya', Kentavr, 1995, 6, pp. 3-23; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'New Russian Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy', Government and Opposition, 30, 1, 1995, pp. 110-119; V. Gel'man & amp; O. Senatova, 'Politicheskie partii v regionakh Rossii: dinamika i tendentsii', Vlast', 1995, 5, pp. 39-48; Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1995); Ruth Brown, 'Party Development in the Regions: When Parties Start to Play a Role in Polities', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 9-30.
3. D. Badovsky & A. Shutov, 'Regional'nye elity v postsovetskoi Rossii: osobennosti politicheskogo uchastiya', Kentavr, 1995, 6, pp. 3-23; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'New Russian Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy', Government and Opposition, 30, 1, 1995, pp. 110-119; V. Gel'man & amp; O. Senatova, 'Politicheskie partii v regionakh Rossii: dinamika i tendentsii', Vlast', 1995, 5, pp. 39-48; Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1995); Ruth Brown, 'Party Development in the Regions: When Parties Start to Play a Role in Polities', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 9-30.
4. D. Badovsky & A. Shutov, 'Regional'nye elity v postsovetskoi Rossii: osobennosti politicheskogo uchastiya', Kentavr, 1995, 6, pp. 3-23; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'New Russian Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy', Government and Opposition, 30, 1, 1995, pp. 110-119; V. Gel'man & amp; O. Senatova, 'Politicheskie partii v regionakh Rossii: dinamika i tendentsii', Vlast', 1995, 5, pp. 39-48; Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1995); Ruth Brown, 'Party Development in the Regions: When Parties Start to Play a Role in Polities', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 9-30.
5. D. Badovsky & A. Shutov, 'Regional'nye elity v postsovetskoi Rossii: osobennosti politicheskogo uchastiya', Kentavr, 1995, 6, pp. 3-23; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'New Russian Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy', Government and Opposition, 30, 1, 1995, pp. 110-119; V. Gel'man & amp; O. Senatova, 'Politicheskie partii v regionakh Rossii: dinamika i tendentsii', Vlast', 1995, 5, pp. 39-48; Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1995); Ruth Brown, 'Party Development in the Regions: When Parties Start to Play a Role in Polities', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 9-30.
6. V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Kampaniya 1995 goda: regional'nye strategii predvybornykh blokov', in V. A. Kolosov (ed.), Rossiya na vyborakh: uroki i perspektivy (Moscow, Tsentr politicheskikh tekhnologii, 1995), pp. 141-186; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Who Survives? Party Origins, Organisational Development, and Electoral Performance in Post-communist Russia', Political Studies, 46, 3, 1998, pp. 511-543.
7. V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Kampaniya 1995 goda: regional'nye strategii predvybornykh blokov', in V. A. Kolosov (ed.), Rossiya na vyborakh: uroki i perspektivy (Moscow, Tsentr politicheskikh tekhnologii, 1995), pp. 141-186; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Who Survives? Party Origins, Organisational Development, and Electoral Performance in Post-communist Russia', Political Studies, 46, 3, 1998, pp. 511-543.
8. N. Sleptsov (ed.), Institut gubernatora v Rossii: traditsii i sovremennye real'nosti (Moscow, Rossiiskaya akademiya gosudarstvennoi sluzhby, 1997); V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Osenne-zimnie vybory glav ispolnitel'noi vlasti v regionakh: stsenarii peremen', Polis, 1997, 1, pp. 97-108; Steven L. Solnick, 'Gubernatorial Elections in Russia, 1996-1997', Post-Soviet Affairs, 14, 1, 1998, pp. 48-80.
9. N. Sleptsov (ed.), Institut gubernatora v Rossii: traditsii i sovremennye real'nosti (Moscow, Rossiiskaya akademiya gosudarstvennoi sluzhby, 1997); V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Osenne-zimnie vybory glav ispolnitel'noi vlasti v regionakh: stsenarii peremen', Polis, 1997, 1, pp. 97-108; Steven L. Solnick, 'Gubernatorial Elections in Russia, 1996-1997', Post-Soviet Affairs, 14, 1, 1998, pp. 48-80.
10. N. Sleptsov (ed.), Institut gubernatora v Rossii: traditsii i sovremennye real'nosti (Moscow, Rossiiskaya akademiya gosudarstvennoi sluzhby, 1997); V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Osenne-zimnie vybory glav ispolnitel'noi vlasti v regionakh: stsenarii peremen', Polis, 1997, 1, pp. 97-108; Steven L. Solnick, 'Gubernatorial Elections in Russia, 1996-1997', Post-Soviet Affairs, 14, 1, 1998, pp. 48-80.
11. Richard Sakwa, 'Parties and the Multiparty System in Russia', RFE/RL Research Report, 2, 31, 1993, pp. 7-15; M. Steven Fish, 'The Advent of Multipartism in Russia', Post-Soviet Affairs, 11, 4, 1995, pp. 340-383; Michael Urban & Vladimir Gel'man, 'The Development of Political Parties in Russia', in Karen Dawisha & Bruce Parrot (eds), Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus', and Moldova (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 175-219.
12. Richard Sakwa, 'Parties and the Multiparty System in Russia', RFE/RL Research Report, 2, 31, 1993, pp. 7-15; M. Steven Fish, 'The Advent of Multipartism in Russia', Post-Soviet Affairs, 11, 4, 1995, pp. 340-383; Michael Urban & Vladimir Gel'man, 'The Development of Political Parties in Russia', in Karen Dawisha & Bruce Parrot (eds), Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus', and Moldova (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 175-219.
13. Richard Sakwa, 'Parties and the Multiparty System in Russia', RFE/RL Research Report, 2, 31, 1993, pp. 7-15; M. Steven Fish, 'The Advent of Multipartism in Russia', Post-Soviet Affairs, 11, 4, 1995, pp. 340-383; Michael Urban & Vladimir Gel'man, 'The Development of Political Parties in Russia', in Karen Dawisha & Bruce Parrot (eds), Democratic Changes and Authoritarian Reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus', and Moldova (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 175-219.
14. On the impact of presidentialism upon party system formation in new democracies, see Juan Linz, 'Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?', in Juan Linz & Arturo Valenzuela (eds), The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), pp. 3-87.
15. O. Grigor'ev & M. Malyutin, Regional'naya situatsiya v Rossii posle dekabr'skikh vyborov: analiz novykh tendentsii i politicheskikh itogov mestnykh vyborov vesnoi 1994 g. (Moscow, Fond 'Diskussionnoe prostranstvo', 1995); N. Petrov, 'Vybory organov predstavitel'noi vlasti regionov', Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1995, 3, pp. 25-34.
16. O. Grigor'ev & M. Malyutin, Regional'naya situatsiya v Rossii posle dekabr'skikh vyborov: analiz novykh tendentsii i politicheskikh itogov mestnykh vyborov vesnoi 1994 g. (Moscow, Fond 'Diskussionnoe prostranstvo', 1995); N. Petrov, 'Vybory organov predstavitel'noi vlasti regionov', Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1995, 3, pp. 25-34.
17. Darrell Slider, 'Elections to Russia's Regional Assemblies', Post-Soviet Affairs, 12, 3, 1996, pp. 243-264; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Russian Political Parties and the "Bosses": Evidence from the 1994 Provincial Elections in Western Siberia', Party Politics, 3, 1, 1997, pp. 5-21.
18. Darrell Slider, 'Elections to Russia's Regional Assemblies', Post-Soviet Affairs, 12, 3, 1996, pp. 243-264; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Russian Political Parties and the "Bosses": Evidence from the 1994 Provincial Elections in Western Siberia', Party Politics, 3, 1, 1997, pp. 5-21.
19. A. Zhuravlev, 'Vybory v organy zakonodatel'noi vlasti: predvaritel'nye itogi i territorial'naya spetsifika', Vlast', 1998, 2, pp. 31-36; M. Afanas'ev, 'V Rossii sformirovany predstavitel'nye sobraniya pravyashchikh regional'nykh grupp', Vlast', 1998, 2, pp. 43-45.
20. A. Zhuravlev, 'Vybory v organy zakonodatel'noi vlasti: predvaritel'nye itogi i territorial'naya spetsifika', Vlast', 1998, 2, pp. 31-36; M. Afanas'ev, 'V Rossii sformirovany predstavitel'nye sobraniya pravyashchikh regional'nykh grupp', Vlast', 1998, 2, pp. 43-45.
21. Kimitaka Matsuzato, 'The Split and Reconfiguration of Ex-Communist Party Factions in the Russian Oblasts: Chelyabinsk, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Tambov, and Tver (1991-95)', Demokratizatsiya, 5, 1, 1997, pp. 53-88.
22. Vladimir Gel'man & Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Regional Party System Formation in Russia: The Deviant Case of Sverdlovsk Oblast', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 14, 1-2, 1998, pp. 31-53.
23. The official proper names of the regional assemblies vary. Of 86 assemblies included in this study, 30 are called Dumas and 24 Legislative Assemblies; none of the remaining 18 names is used in more than four regions.
24. Grigorii Belonuchkin, http://www.cityline.ru:8084/politika/vybory.
25. Vybory v zakonodatel'nye (predstavitel'nye) organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1995-97: elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow, Ves'Mir, 1998). The data on the 1998 regional assembly elections can be found in a weekly publication of the Central Electoral Commission of Russia, Tsentral'naya izbiratel'naya komissiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Upravlenie informatsionnykh resursov. Ob''edinennyi informatsionnyi paket. The publication has a restricted circulation, but it is available on the Internet site of the Moscow City Electoral Commission, http://mik.mos.ru.
26. Vybory v zakonodatel'nye (predstavitel'nye) organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1995-97: elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow, Ves'Mir, 1998). The data on the 1998 regional assembly elections can be found in a weekly publication of the Central Electoral Commission of Russia, Tsentral'naya izbiratel'naya komissiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Upravlenie informatsionnykh resursov. Ob''edinennyi informatsionnyi paket. The publication has a restricted circulation, but it is available on the Internet site of the Moscow City Electoral Commission, http://mik.mos.ru.
27. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
28. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
29. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
30. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
31. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
32. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
33. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
34. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
35. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
36. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
37. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
38. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
39. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
40. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
41. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii
42. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
43. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
44. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
45. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
46. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
47. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
48. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
49. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
50. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
51. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
52. In this analysis I used the following publications of IGPI: S. Akkieva, 'Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika v dekabre 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 12; T. Barandova, 'Vybory Sobraniya deputatov Arkhangel'skoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 1996-1998 gg.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; T. Drabkina, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Leningradskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; M. Evdokimov, 'Vybory deputatov Smolenskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Vybory deputatov Saratovskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 31 avgusta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; D. Faritov, 'Saratovskaya oblast' v avguste 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1997, 8; A. Gandeev, 'Vybory deputatov Astrakhanskogo oblastnogo predstavitel'nogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 26 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Glushkov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Tverskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 14 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; E. Kislova, 'Respublika Buryatiya v iyule 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 7; E. Lapshova, 'Vybory deputatov Samarskoi gubernskoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; R. Pyrma, 'Vybory deputatov Belgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 12 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; N. Raspopov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Nizhegorodskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Novosibirskogo oblastnogo soveta vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Rukhlyadev, 'Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi dumy Tomskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 21 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; O. Senatova & A. Yakurin, 'Vybory deputatov Novgorodskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 19 oktyabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Slatinov, 'Vybory deputatov Oblastnogo soveta Orlovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 22 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 6; G. Titov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Penzenskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 7 dekabrya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; P. Tkachev, 'Vybory deputatov Kurskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 29 iyunya 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Tsepilov, 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Omskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva', 22 marta 1998 g., Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. I., 'Vybory deputatov Zakonodatel'nogo sobraniya Rostovskoi oblasti vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. K., 'Vybory v Komi', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; V. Vagin & V. Okhota, 'Vybory deputatov Pskovskogo oblastnogo sobraniya vtorogo sozyva, 29 marta 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; S. Vladimirov, 'Vybory deputatov Ryazanskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva, 30 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3; A. Vul'fovich, 'Tyumenskaya oblast': godovshchina vyborov gubernatora i vybory oblastnoi dumy', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 2; V. Zheleznyak, 'Lipetskaya oblast' v mae 1998 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 5; M. Zherebyat'ev, 'Vybory deputatov Voronezhskoi oblastnoi dumy vtorogo sozyva i munitsipal'nogo soveta Voronezha, 23 marta 1997 g.', Politicheskii Monitoring, 1998, 3.
53. http://www.glasnet.ru/~panorama/IZBIR.
54. Unless otherwise stated, all of the following Internet sites were accessed in August through December 1998: http://mik.mos.ru; http://nair.kuban.ru/election; http://www.adm.nso.ru/election; http:/ /www.adm.samara.ru; http://www.election.spb.ru; http://www.elections.spb.ru; http://www.e-reliz.ru/ govern; http://www.gs.chuvashia.net; http://www.orenburg.ru/gover/elect; http://www.midural. ru/izbircom. As of February 1999, the Orenburg source is out of operation. The printed media sources are Severnyi Kur'er (Petrozavodsk), 30 April 1998, p. 3; and Tuvinskaya Pravda (Kyzyl), 11 April 1998, p. 1.
55. Unless otherwise stated, all of the following Internet sites were accessed in August through December 1998: http://mik.mos.ru; http://nair.kuban.ru/election; http://www.adm.nso.ru/election; http:/ /www.adm.samara.ru; http://www.election.spb.ru; http://www.elections.spb.ru; http://www.e-reliz.ru/ govern; http://www.gs.chuvashia.net; http://www.orenburg.ru/gover/elect; http://www.midural. ru/izbircom. As of February 1999, the Orenburg source is out of operation. The printed media sources are Severnyi Kur'er (Petrozavodsk), 30 April 1998, p. 3; and Tuvinskaya Pravda (Kyzyl), 11 April 1998, p. 1.
56. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 15 July 1998, p. 3.
57. V. Gel'man, 'Regional'naya vlast'v sovremennoi Rossii: instituty, rezhimy i praktiki', in V. Gel'man et al. (eds), Organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Moscow, IGPI, 1998), pp. 40-71.
58. 'O reforme predstavitel'nykh organov vlasti i organov mestnogo samoupravleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii', Sobranie aktov Prezidenta i Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1993, 41, st. 3924; 'Polozhenie ob osnovnykh nachalakh organizatsii i deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti kraev, oblastei, gorodov federal'nogo znacheniya, avtonomnoi oblasti, avtonomnykh okrugov Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period poetapnoi konstitutsionnoi reformy', Sobranie aktov Prezidenta i Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1993, 43, st. 4089.
59. 'O reforme predstavitel'nykh organov vlasti i organov mestnogo samoupravleniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii', Sobranie aktov Prezidenta i Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1993, 41, st. 3924; 'Polozhenie ob osnovnykh nachalakh organizatsii i deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti kraev, oblastei, gorodov federal'nogo znacheniya, avtonomnoi oblasti, avtonomnykh okrugov Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period poetapnoi konstitutsionnoi reformy', Sobranie aktov Prezidenta i Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1993, 43, st. 4089.
60. 'Osnovnye polozheniya o vyborakh v predstavitel'nye organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti kraev, oblastei, gorodov federal'nogo znacheniya, avtonomnoi oblasti, avtonomnykh okrugov Rossiiskoi Federatsii', Sobranie aktov Prezidenta i Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1993, 44, st. 4189.
61. For a brief but informative official account of the 1993-94 regional legislative campaign, see Vypiska iz protokola No. 1 zasedaniya Tsentral'noi izbiratel'noi komissii Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 25 yanvarya 1995 goda 'Ob itogakh vyborov v zakonodatel'nye (predstavitel'nye) organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, sostoyavshikhsya v dekabre 1993-yanvare 1995 godov', http://mik.mos.ru/cgi-bin/mgik/con_law?1,22,305.
62. Not only some of the republics but also Ulyanovsk oblast' held their first post-1993 legislative elections in 1995. For an informative description of this case, see R. Bikmetov, O. Belokurov & I. Egorov, 'Ulyanovskaya oblast': regional'noe zakonodatel'stvo i vlast", Konstitutsionnoe pravo: vostochno-evropeiskoe obozrenie, 1998, 1 (22), pp. 89-101.
63. Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1976), p. 63.
64. For a certain period of time in 1993-95 all political parties were banned in Ingushetia (Politicheskie partii Respubliki Ingushetiya, http://www.obschestvo.ru/bibl/polros). This republic, however, is not in my selection of cases.
65. This was the case in Pskov oblast', where the CPRF, LDPR and Yabloko simultaneously supported one of the candidates.
66. For instance, OHIR pursued this strategy in Altai krai.
67. Robert W. Jackman, 'Cross-National Statistical Research and the Study of Comparative Politics', American Journal of Political Science, 24, 1, 1985, pp. 161-182.
68. By candidates, I understand all those people who, after being nominated in this or that way, apply to regional electoral commissions for registration. Some of the applications fail, normally because the number of signatures collected by the candidate is insufficient, or these signatures fail to pass the examination of the electoral commission. Some of the registered candidates withdraw from the races for political reasons. Hence the alternative measures, the percentage of party candidates among all registered candidates and the percentage of party candidates on the ballot, can be used alongside PCPC. These measures are not employed in this study solely because of the lack of the data.
69. On the organisational history and ideological evolution of the CPRF in 1995-98, see V. Solovei, 'Kommunisticheskaya i natsionalisticheskaya oppozitsiya v kontekste postkommunisticheskoi transformatsii Rossii', in Lilya Shevtsova (ed.), Rossiya politicheskaya (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1998), pp. 195-272; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Party Organisation, Ideological Change, and Electoral Success: A Comparative Study of Postauthoritarian Parties', The Helen Kellogg Institute Working Paper, No. 258 (Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame, 1998), pp. 9-19.
70. On the organisational history and ideological evolution of the CPRF in 1995-98, see V. Solovei, 'Kommunisticheskaya i natsionalisticheskaya oppozitsiya v kontekste postkommunisticheskoi transformatsii Rossii', in Lilya Shevtsova (ed.), Rossiya politicheskaya (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1998), pp. 195-272; Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Party Organisation, Ideological Change, and Electoral Success: A Comparative Study of Postauthoritarian Parties', The Helen Kellogg Institute Working Paper, No. 258 (Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame, 1998), pp. 9-19.
71. See, for instance, Politicheskie partii Respubliki Sakha-Yakutiya, http://www.obschestvo.ru/bibl/ polros. It was only in 1997 that the Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan reluctantly joined the CPRF. This happened after the Moscow party leadership clearly indicated that otherwise it would create 'parallel' structures in the republic (a threat that apparently did materialise in Sakha-Yakutia). See Politicheskie partii i obshchestvenno-politicheskie dvizheniya v Respublike Tatarstan, http:// www.tatar.ru/tatarstan.html.
72. See, for instance, Politicheskie partii Respubliki Sakha-Yakutiya, http://www.obschestvo.ru/bibl/ polros. It was only in 1997 that the Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan reluctantly joined the CPRF. This happened after the Moscow party leadership clearly indicated that otherwise it would create 'parallel' structures in the republic (a threat that apparently did materialise in Sakha-Yakutia). See Politicheskie partii i obshchestvenno-politicheskie dvizheniya v Respublike Tatarstan, http:// www.tatar.ru/tatarstan.html.
73. On the origins of the APR, see P. Emelin & V. Khairyuzov (eds), Agrarnaya partiya Rossii: dokumenty, sobytiya, litsa (Moscow, Paleya, 1994).
74. Preobrazhenie Urala (Ekaterinburg), 1996, 3, p. 4.
75. On the origins of the RCWP, see Ya. Ermakov et al., 'Kommunisticheskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v period zapreta', Kentavr, 1993, 3, pp. 65-80.
76. One reason for the use of these different labels is that, as an extreme left-wing party, the RCWP sometimes fails or refuses to get registration in the regions under its own name.
77. Segodnya, 26 April 1995, p. 1.
78. B. I. Makarenko, 'Gubernatorskie "partii vlasti" kak novyi obshchestvennyi fenomen', Politiya, 1998, 1, pp. 50-58.
79. Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti, 17 December 1998, p. 5.
80. Kolosov & Turovsky, 'Kampaniya 1995 g.', p. 154; Nezavisimaya gazeta, 1 August 1997, p. 5.
81. Kolosov & Turovsky, 'Kampaniya 1995 g.', p. 154; Nezavisimaya gazeta, 1 August 1997, p. 5.
82. V. Chekalkin, 'Regiona'nye praimeriz tret'ikh parlamentskikh vyborov', Vlast', 1998, 2, p. 39.
83. S. Markov, 'Izbiratel'nye ob''edineniya na parlamentskikh vyborakh', in Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Parlamentskie vybory 1995 goda v Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1996), p. 96.
84. Anatolii Tsygankov, http://www.onego.ru/win/pages/cigankov.
85. See V. Ya. Gel'man, 'Dilemmy demokraticheskoi oppozitsii: Grigorii Yavlinsky, "Yabloko" i prezidentskie vybory', Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1997, 9, pp. 32-41.
86. Originally, it was the strongest pro-democracy organisation in Russia. See Yitzhak M. Brudny, 'The Dynamics of "Democratic Russia", 1990-1993', Post-Soviet Affairs, 9, 2, 1993, pp. 141-170.
87. Vera Tolz, 'Significance of the New Party Russia's Democratic Choice', RFE/RL Research Report, 3, 26, 1994, pp. 25-30.
88. BLITS (Moscow), November 1996.
89. Gel'man & Golosov, 'Regional Party System Formation'.
90. See Dannye svodnykh protokolov territorial'noi izbiratel'noi komissii goroda Izhevska o registratsii kandidatov v deputaty Gosudarstvennogo Soveta Udmurtskoi Respubliki, http:// www.udmweb.ru/mayor/elect99/kandid.htm (accessed in April 1999).
91. Grigorii V. Golosov, 'Quasi-Political Organisations in the Process of Post-Communist Transformation: The Case of Western Siberia', in April Retter & Sylvia Rohanova (eds), Research Support Scheme Network Chronicle 5 (Prague, CEU Research Support Scheme, 1998), pp. 33-34.
92. Philippe C. Schmitter, 'Intermediaries in the Consolidation of Neo-Democracies: The Role of Parties, Associations and Movements', ICPS Working Paper, No. 130 (Barcelona, Institut de Ciencies Politiques i Socials, 1997). Some of the contemporary QPO in Russia do descend from the 'new social movements' of the early phase of regime transition. See Anna Temkina, Russia in Transition: The Case of New Collective Actors and New Collective Actions (Helsinki, Kikimora Publications, 1997), pp. 22-28.
93. Philippe C. Schmitter, 'Intermediaries in the Consolidation of Neo-Democracies: The Role of Parties, Associations and Movements', ICPS Working Paper, No. 130 (Barcelona, Institut de Ciencies Politiques i Socials, 1997). Some of the contemporary QPO in Russia do descend from the 'new social movements' of the early phase of regime transition. See Anna Temkina, Russia in Transition: The Case of New Collective Actors and New Collective Actions (Helsinki, Kikimora Publications, 1997), pp. 22-28.
94. Gel'man & Golosov, 'Regional Party System Formation', p. 31.
95. See E. I. Kozlova & O. E. Kutafin, Konstitutsionnoe pravo Rossii, 2nd edn (Moscow, Yurist, 1998), pp. 461-472.
96. Grigorii Belonuchkin, http://www.cityline.ru/politika/vybory.
97. Strictly speaking, the Dagestani regime can be better described as 'assembly-independent'. See Matthew S. Shugart & John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 26.
98. John Bibby et al., 'Parties in State Polities', in Virginia Gray, Herbert Jacob & Robert Albritton (eds), Politics in the American States (Glenview, IL, Scott, Foresman, 1992), pp. 85-112.
99. For a theoretical analysis of the concept of electoral competitiveness, see Stefano Bartolini, 'Electoral Competition: Analytical Dimensions and Empirical Problems', EUI Working Paper, SPS No. 95/6 (Florence, European University Institute, 1995).
100. Vybory glav ispolnitel'noi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 1995-1997: elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow, Ves' Mir, 1997), pp. 269-272, 323-326.
101. See Robert G. Moser, 'The Impact of the Electoral System on Post-Communist Party Development', Electoral Studies, 14, 4, 1995, pp. 377-398.
102. Matthew Wyman, 'Developments in Russian Voting Behaviour: 1993 and 1995 Compared', Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 12, 3, 1996, pp. 277-292.
103. Wolfgang C. Muller & Barbara Steininger, 'Party Organisation and Party Competitiveness: The Case of the Austrian People's Party, 1945-1992', European Journal of Political Research, 26, 1, 1994, pp. 1-29.
104. Angelo Panebianco, Political Parties: Organisation and Power (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 49-68.
105. See Joan B. Urban & Valerii D. Solovei, Russia's Communists at the Crossroads (Boulder, Westview Press, 1997).
106. V. A. Kolosov & R. F. Turovsky, 'Partii v regionakh Rossii: geografiya golosovanii, rezul'taty i vozmozhnosti', Sapere Aude: Selected Works of the Moscow School of Political Studies, 1995, 2, p. 128.
107. Gordon Smith, 'In Search of Small Parties: Problems of Definition, Classification and Significance', in Ferdinand Muller-Rommel & Geoffrey Pridham (eds), Small Parties in Western Europe: Comparative and National Perspectives (London and Newbury Park, CA, Sage, 1991), p. 36.
108. Pippa Norris, 'Second-Order Elections Revisited', European Journal of Political Research, 31, 1-2, 1997, pp. 109-114.
109. Neil J. Melvin, 'The Consolidation of a New Regional Elite: The Case of Omsk 1987-1995', Europe-Asia Studies, 50, 4, 1998, pp. 619-650.
110. Giovanni Sartori, Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives, and Outcomes (New York, Columbia University Press, 1994).
111. Under 'parallel' (or 'mixed disconnected') electoral systems, each elector has two votes; each of these votes is used to elect a part of the assembly by a distinctive set of seat allocation rules. Normally, one of these rules is a list proportional system. Unlike under 'mixed member proportional' (or 'mixed connected') systems exemplified by Germany, the PR lists do not compensate for any disproportionality within another component. Parallel systems are currently used for national legislative elections in about 20 countries, including Russia.
112. Brendan Kiernan, The End of Soviet Politics: Elections, Legislatures and the Demise of the Communist Power (Boulder, Westview Press, 1993).
113. See Maurice Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, 1963).
114. Rein Taagepera & Matthew S. Shugart, Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1989), pp. 112-125.
115. For a description of a deviant case, see Gerardo L. Munck, 'Democratic Stability and Its Limits: An Analysis of Chile's 1993 Elections', Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, 36, 2, 1994, pp. 1-38.
116. Andrew Reynolds & Ben Reilly, The International IDEA Handbook of Electoral System Design (Stockholm, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 1997), pp. 51-52.
117. Gerald L. Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics (New York, Columbia University Press, 1988).
118. Douglas Rae, The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967).
119. Taagepera & Shugart, Seats and Votes, p. 264.
120. See Arend Lijphart, Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994); Octavio A. Neto & Gary W. Cox, 'Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties', American Journal of Political Science, 41, 1, 1997, pp. 149-174.
121. See Arend Lijphart, Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994); Octavio A. Neto & Gary W. Cox, 'Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties', American Journal of Political Science, 41, 1, 1997, pp. 149-174.
122. Michael Coppedge, 'District Magnitude, Economic Performance, and Party-System Fragmentation in Five Latin American Countries', Comparative Political Studies, 30, 2, 1997, pp. 156-185.
123. For a politically biased but informative collection of data on electoral politics in Bashkortostan, see http://Bolizm.ihep.su/Rbe98.
124. John M. Carey & Matthew S. Shugart, 'Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas', Electoral Studies, 14, 4, 1995, p. 430.
125. On the role of clientelism in Russia's politics, see Mikhail Afanas'ev, Klientelizm i rossiiskaya gosudarstvennost' (Moscow, Moskovskii obshchestvennyi nauchnyi fond, 1997).
126. Nikolai Petrov, 'Analiz rezul'tatov vyborov 1995 g. v Gosudarstvennuyu dumu Rossii po okrugam i regionam', in Michael McFaul & Nikolai Petrov (eds), Parlamentskie vybory 1995 goda v Rossii (Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Centre, 1996), p. 37.
127. Ibid., pp. 25-30.
128. Timothy J. Colton, 'Economics and Voting in Russia', Post-Soviet Affairs, 12, 4, 1996, pp. 289-317; G. V. Golosov, 'Povedenie izbiratelei v Rossii: teoreticheskie perspektivy i rezul'taty regional'nykh vyborov'. Polis, 1997, 4, pp. 44-56.
129. Timothy J. Colton, 'Economics and Voting in Russia', Post-Soviet Affairs, 12, 4, 1996, pp. 289-317; G. V. Golosov, 'Povedenie izbiratelei v Rossii: teoreticheskie perspektivy i rezul'taty regional'nykh vyborov'. Polis, 1997, 4, pp. 44-56.
130. Matthew S. Shugart, 'The Inverse Relationship Between Party Strength and Executive Strength: A Theory of Politicians' Constitutional Choices', British Journal of Political Science, 28, 1, 1998, pp. 1-29.
131. I. Umnova, 'Razdelenie zakonodatel'noi i ispolnitel'noi vlasti v sub''ektakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii: pravovye aspekty', in V. Gel'man et al. (eds), Organy gosudarstvennoi vlasti sub''ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Moscow, IGPI, 1998), pp. 116-124.
132. One may suggest that voter turnout in the assembly elections detected the importance of the assembly as perceived by the electorate. Unfortunately, such a simple and elegant measure is also inapplicable. In fact, voter turnout in the assembly elections depended primarily on two factors having nothing to do with assembly strength: (1) concurrently held elections to presumably more important institutions (the Russian presidency, the State Duma, and regional chief executive positions); (2) varying legally established thresholds of turnout that had to be passed in order for elections to be validated.
133. Vybory deputatov Gosudarstvennoi Dumy, 1995: elektoral'naya statistika (Moscow, Ves' Mir, 1996).
134. Kenneth A. Bollen & Robert W. Jackman, 'Regression Diagnostics: An Expository Treatment of Outliers and Influential Cases', in John Fox & J. Scott Long (eds), Modern Methods of Data Analysis (Newbury Park, CA, Sage, 1990), pp. 257-291.