Evaluation of Cryotechniques for TEM Observation of Sols - Application to Boehmite Sols Used in Catalysts Forming

Oil and Gas Science and Technology

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 513-524

  Fauchadour, D ^a   Pouget, T ^b   Lechaire, J P ^c   Rouleau, L ^a   Normand, L ^a  

^a IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES   (France)

^b Christian Dior   (France)

^c SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; ALUMINA; CATALYSIS; CRYOGENICS; FREEZING; GLYCEROL; PROPANE; RHEOLOGY; SOLS; SUSPENSIONS (FLUIDS); TEXTURES; VITRIFICATION;

BOEHMITE; CATALYSTS FORMING; CRYOFIXATION;

CRUDE PETROLEUM;

EID: 0033347656     PISSN: 12944475     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2516/ogst:1999044     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Aggerbeck, L.P. and Gulik-Krzywicki, T. (1986) Studies of Lipoproteins by Freeze-Fracture and Etching Electron Microscopy. Methods in Enzymology, 128, 457-472.
2. Baker, B.R. and Pearson, R.M. (1974) Water Content of Pseudoboehmite: a New Model for its Structure. Journal of Catalysis, 33, 265-278.
3. Bald, W. (1983) Optimizing the Cooling Block for the Quick-Freeze Method. Journal of Microscopy, 131, 1, 11-23.
4. Dahl, R. and Staehelin, L.A. (1989) High-Pressure for Preservation of Biological Structure: Theory and Practice. Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique, 13, 165-174.
5. Dubochet, J., Lepault J., Freeman R., Berriman J.A. and Homo J.C. (1982) Electron Microscopy of Frozen Water and Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Microscopy, 128, 3, 219-237.
6. Echlin, P. (1992) Low-Temperature Microscopy and Analysis. Editions Plenium Press, New-York.
7. Escaig, J. (1982) New Instruments wich Facilitate Rapid Freezing at 83 K and 6 K. Journal of Microscopy, 126, 3, 221-229.
8. Favard, P., Lechaire, J.P., Maillard, M., Favard, N., Djabourov, M. and Leblond, J. (1989) A Technique for Labelling the Sample Surface for Quick-freeze, Deep-etch, Rotary Replication Electron Microscopy: Application to the Study of Gelatin Gel Structure. Biology of the Cell, 67, 201-207.
9. Favard, P., Lechaire, J.P., Maillard, M., Favard, N., Andreazza, P., Lefaucheux, F. and Robert, M.C. (1992) 3D-Electron Microscopy Configuration of TMOS wet Silica Gels Prepared by the Quick-freeze, Deep-Etching-Rotary-Replication Technique. Colloid and Polymer Science, 270, 584-589.
10. Franks, F. (1977) Biological Freezing and Cryofixation. Journal of Microscopy, 111, 1, 3-16.
11. Franks, F. (1983) Solute-Water Interactions: Do Polyhydroxy Compounds Alter the Properties of Water? Cryobiology, 20, 335-345.
12. Lechaire, J.P., Nicolas, G., Müller, M., Müller, T. and Gail, F. (1994) EM Aspect of Fibrils and Collagen Gel after High-pressure Freezing. In: 13th Proc. Int. Congr. Electron. Microsc., edited by Jouffrey B. and Colliex C., Les Éditions de physique, Les Ulis, France, 1, 987-988.
13. Leforestier, A., Richter, K., Livolant, F. and Dubochet, J. (1996) Comparison of Slam-Freezing and High-Pressure Freezing Effects on the DNA Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Structure. Journal of Microscopy, 184, 1, 4-13.
14. Moor, H. (1971) Recent Progress in Freeze-Etching Technique. Phil. Trans. Soc. Lond. B, 261, 121-131.
15. Moor, H. (1987) Theory and Practice of High-Pressure Freezing. In: Cryotechniques in Biological Electron Microscopy. Eds Steinbrecht R.A. and Zierold K., Berlin, Springer.
16. Richter, K. (1994) High-Density Morphologies of Ice in High-Pressure Frozen Biological Specimens. Ultramicroscopy, 53, 237-249.
17. Robbe, L., Le Hen-Ferrenbach, C., Pouget, T. and Tranchant, J.F. (1998) Multiple Emulsions Visualization Methods and Granulometric Analysis. In: Multiple Emulsions: Structure, Properties and Applications. Eds Grossiord J.L. and Seiller M., Éditions de santé, France.
18. Rosenberg, E., Kolenda, F., Szymanski, R. and Walter, M. (1995) Characterization of Alumina Paste by Cryomicroscopy. Preparation of Catalysts VI, Eds. Poncelet G., Grange P. and Jacobs P.A., Studies in surface Science and Catalysis, 91, 843-850.
19. Ryan, K.P. and Purse, D.H. (1985) Plunge-Cooling of Tissue Blocks: Determinants of Cooling Rates. Journal of Microscopy, 140, 1, 47-54.
20. Ryan, K.P., Purse, D.H., Robinson, S.G. and Wood, J.W. (1987) The Relative Efficiency of Cryogens Used for Plunge-Cooling Biological Specimens. Journal of Microscopy, 145, 1, 89-96.
21. Ryan, K.P., Bald, W.B., Neumann, K., Simonsberger, P., Purse, D.H. and Nicholson, D.N. (1990) Cooling Rate and Ice-Crystal Measurement in Biological Specimens Plunged into Liquid Ethane, Propane, and Freon 22. Journal of Microscopy, 158, 3, 365-378.
22. Silvester, N.R., Marchese-Ragona, S. and Johnston, D.N. (1982) The Relative Efficiency of Various Fluid in the Rapid Freezing of Protozoa. Journal of microscopy, 128, 2, 175-186.
23. Studer, D., Michel, M. and Müller, M. (1989) High Pressure Freezing Comes of Age. Scanning Microscopy Supplement, 3, 253-269.
24. Tanaka, H. (1996) A Self-Consistent Phase Diagram for Supercooled Water. Nature, 380, 328-330.