Tobacco use as drug addiction: The scientific foundation

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volumn 1, Issue SUPPL. 2, 1999, Pages

  Henningfield, Jack E ^a,b   Fant, Reginald V ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b PINNEY ASSOCIATES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICOTINE;

ANIMAL; BRAIN; DRUG EFFECT; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MORTALITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RESEARCH; REVIEW; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED STATES;

ANIMAL; BRAIN; HUMAN; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (U.S.); NICOTINE; RESEARCH; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; TOBACCO USE DISORDER; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 0033302658     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14622299050011781     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-IV, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Baron JA. 1996. Beneficial effects of nicotine and cigarette smoking: the real, the possible and the spurious. British Medical Journal 52:58-73.
3. Benowitz NL. 1993. Nicotine replacement therapy. What has been accomplished - can we do better? Drugs 45:157-170.
4. Benowitz NL, Porchet H, Sheiner L, Jacob P 3d. 1988. Nicotine absorption and cardiovascular effects with smokeless tobacco use: comparison with cigarettes and nicotine gum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 44:23-28.
5. Fant RV, Henningfield JE, Nelson RA, Chenoweth M, Pickworth WB. In press. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of oral snuff in humans. Tobacco Control.
6. Flores CM, Rogers SW, Pabreza LA, Wolfe BB, Kellar KJ. 1992. A subtype of nicotinic cholinergic receptor in rat brain is composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits and is up-regulated by chronic nicotine treatment. Molecular Pharmacology 41:31-37.
7. Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, MacGregor R, Alexoff D, Shea C, Schlyer D, Wolf AP, Warner D, Zezulkova I, Cilento R. 1996. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B in the brains of smokers. Nature 379:733-736.
8. Jones HE, Garrett BE, Griffiths RR. 1999. Subjective and physiological effects of intravenous nicotine and cocaine in cigarette smoking and cocaine abusers. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 288: 188-197.
9. Goldberg SR, Spealman RD. 1982. Maintenance and suppression of responding by intravenous nicotine injections in squirrel monkeys. Federation Proceedings 41:216-220.
10. Gourlay SG, Benowitz NL. 1997. Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 62:453-463.
11. Heishman SJ, Taylor RC, Henningfield JE. 1994. Nicotine and smoking: a review of the effects on human performance. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2:345-395.
12. Henningfield JE. 1995. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine 333:1196-1203.
13. Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Gopalan L. 1998. Non-nicotine medications for smoking cessation. Journal of Respiratory Diseases 19 (Suppl.):S33-S42.
14. Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Tomar SL. 1997. Smokeless tobacco: an addicting drug. Advances in Denial Research 11:330-335.
15. Henningfield JE, Goldberg SR. 1983a. Control of behavior by intravenous nicotine injections in humans subjects. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 19:1021-1026.
16. Henningfield JE, Goldberg SR. 1983b. Nicotine as a reinforcer in human subjects and laboratory animals. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 19:989-992.
17. Henningfield JE, Keenan RM. 1993. Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61:743-750.
18. Henningfield JE, Miyasato K, Jasinski DR. 1985. Abuse liability and pharmacodynamic characteristics of intravenous and inhaled nicotine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 234:1-12.
19. Henningfield JE, Schuh LM, Jarvik ME. 1995. Pathophysiology of tobacco dependence. In: Bloom F, Kupfer DJ, eds. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press, pp. 1715-1720.
20. Henningfield JE, Slade J. 1998. Tobacco dependence medication: public health and regulatory issues. Food and Drug Law Journal 53 (Suppl.):77-116.
21. Henningfield JE, Stapleton JM, Benowitz NL, Grayson RF, London ED. 1993. Higher levels of nicotine in arterial than in venous blood after cigarette smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 33:23-29.
22. Hughes JR, Hatsukami DK. 1986. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Archives of General Psychiatry 43:289-294.
23. Johnston LM. 1942. Tobacco smoking and nicotine. Lancet ii:742.
24. Jones RT, Farrell TR, Herning RI. 1978. Tobacco smoking and nicotine tolerance. In: Krasnegor NA, ed. Self-Administration of Abused Substances: Methods for Study (NlDA Research Monograph 20). US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. DHEW Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406:202-208.
25. Kessler DA, Natanblut SL, Wilkenfeld JP, Lorraine CC, Mayl SL, Bernstein IBG, Thompson L. 1997. Nicotine addition: a pediatric disease. Journal of Pediatrics 130:518-524.
26. Kessler DA, Witt AM, Barnett PS, Zeller MR, Natanblut SL, Wilkenfeld JP, Lorraine CC, Thompson L, Schultz WB. 1996. The Food and Drug Administration's regulation of tobacco products. New England Journal of Medicine 335:988-994.
27. Langley JN. 1907-1908. On the contraction of muscle, chiefly in relation to the presence of receptive substance. Journal of Physiology (London) 36:347-384.
28. Leshner A. 1998. Moyers on Addiction: Close to Home [transcript]. PBS Television. March 29, 1998.
29. London ED, Connolly RJ, Szikszay M, Wamsley JK, Dam M. 1988. Effects of nicotine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience 8:3920-3928.
30. Longo DR, Brownson RC, Honhson JC, Hewett JE, Kruse RL, Novotny TE, Logan RA. 1996. Hospital smoking bans and employee smoking behavior: Results of a national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association 275:1252-1257.
31. Marks MJ, Burch JB, Collins AC. 1983. Effects of chronic nicotine infusion on tolerance development and nicotinic receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 226:817-825.
32. McGinnis JM, Foege WH. 1993. Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 270:2207-2212.
33. Owen N, Borland R. 1997. Delayed compensatory cigarette consumption after a workplace smoking ban. Tobacco Control 6:131-135.
34. Perkins KA, Sexton JE, Reynolds WA, Grobe JE, Fonte C, Stiller RL. 1994. Comparison of acute subjective and heart rate effects of nicotine intake via tobacco smoke versus nasal spray. Pharmacology. Biochemistry, and Behavior 47:295-299.
35. Pickworth WB, Fant RV. 1998. Endocrine effects of nicotine administration, tobacco and other drug withdrawal in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23:131-141.
36. Pickworth WB, Herning RI, Henningfield JE. 1989. Spontaneous EEG changes during tobacco abstinence and nicotine substitution in human volunteers. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 251:976-982.
37. Porchet HC, Benowitz NL, Sheiner LB. 1988. Pharmacodynamic model of tolerance: application to nicotine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 244:231-236.
38. Schneider NG, Lunell E, Olmstead RE, Fagerstrom KO. 1996. Clinical phanmacokinetics of nasal nicotine delivery. A review and comparison to other nicotine systems. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 31:65-80.
39. Shiffman SM, Jarvik ME. 1976. Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence. Psychopharmacology 50:35-39.
40. Slade J, Henningfield JE. 1998. Tobacco product regulation: Context and issues. Food and Drug Law Journal 53 (Suppl.):44-76.
41. Sommese T, Patterson JC. 1995. Acute effects of cigarette smoking withdrawal: a review of the literature. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 66:164-167.
42. Tomar SL, Henningfield JE. 1997. Review of the evidence that pH is a determinant of nicotine dosage from oral use of smokeless tobacco. Tobacco Control 6:219-225.
43. US Department of Health and Human Services. 1988. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health, DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406.
44. US Public Health Service. 1964. Smoking and Health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public health Service. US Department of health. Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control. PHS Publication No. 1103.
45. Warner KE, Peck CC, Woosley RL, Henningfield JE, Slade J. 1998. Treatment of tobacco dependence: Innovative regulatory approaches to reduce death and disease: preface. Food and Drug Law Journal 53 (Suppl.):1-10.