What is craving? Models and implications for treatment

Alcohol Research and Health

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 165-173

  Anton, Raymond F ^a  

^a MUSC Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs   (United States)

Author keywords

AOD (alcohol and other drug) craving; AOD abstinence; AODD (alcohol and other drug dependence) relapse; Biological adaptation; Brain function; Neurobiological theory; Reinforcement factor; Scientific model

Indexed keywords

ADDICTION; ALCOHOLISM; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CONDITIONED REFLEX; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; REVIEW;

ALCOHOLISM; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0033290708     PISSN: 0090838X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. ANTON, R.F., AND DROBES, D.J. Clinical measurement of craving in addiction. Psychiatric Annals 28:553-560, 1998.
2. ANTON, R.F.; MOAK, D.H.; AND LATHAM, P. The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale: A self-rated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19:92-99, 1995.
3. ANTON, R.F.; MOAK, D.H.; AND LATHAM, P.K. The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS): A new method of assessing outcome in alcoholism treatment studies. Archives of General Psychiatry 53:225-231, 1996.
4. ANTON, R.F.; MOAK, D.H.; WAID, L.R.; LATHAM, P.K.; MALCOLM, R.J.; AND DIAS, J.K. Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of outpatient alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry, in press.
5. BOHN, M.J.; KRAHN, D.D.; AND STAEHLER, B.A. Development and initial validation of a measure of drinking urges in abstinent alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19:600-606, 1995.
6. COONEY, N.L.; BAKER, L.H.; POMERLEAU, O.F.; AND JOSEPHY, B. Salivation to drinking cues in alcohol abusers: Toward the validation of a physiological measure of craving. Addictive Behaviors 9:91-94, 1984.
7. FLANNERY, B.A.; VOLPICELLI, J.R.; AND PETTINATI, H.M. Psychometric properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 23:1289-1295, 1999.
8. GEORGE, M.S.; TENEBACK, C.C.; BLOOMER, C.W.; HORNER, M.D.; AND ANTON, R.F. Using neuroimaging to understand alcohol's brain effects. CNS Spectrum 4:88-95, 1999.
9. GRANT, S.; LONDON, E.D.; NEWLIN, D.B.; VILLEMAGNE, V.L.; LIU, X.; CONTOREGGI, C.; PHILLIPS, R.L.; KIMES, A.S.; AND MARGOLIN, A. Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93:12040-12045, 1996.
10. JELLINEK, E.M.; ISBELL, H.; LUNDQUIST, G.; TIEBOUT, H.M.; DUCHENE, H.; MAREDONES, J.; AND MACLEOD, L.D. The "craving" for alcohol. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 16:34-66, 1955.
11. KALIVAS, P.W.; CORNISH, J.; AND GHASEMZADEH, M.B. Cocaine craving and paranoia: A combination of pharmacology and learning. Psychiatric Annals 28:562-574, 1998.
12. KOOB, G.F., AND LE MOAL, M. Drug abuse: Hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278:52-58, 1997.
13. KOOB, G.F., AND ROBERTS, A.J. Brain reward circuits in alcoholism. CNS Spectrum 4:23-38, 1999.
14. KOZLOWSKI, L.T., AND WILKINSON, D.A. Use and misuse of the concept of craving by alcohol, tobacco, and drug researchers. British Journal of Medicine 82:31-45, 1987.
15. KOZLOWSKI, L.T.; MANN, R.E.; WILKINSON, D.A.; AND POULOS, C.X. "Cravings" are ambiguous: Ask about urges and desires. Addictive Behaviors 14:443-445, 1989.
16. LUDWIG, A.M., AND STARK, L.H. Alcohol craving: Subjective and situational aspects. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 35:899-905, 1974.
17. MARLATT, G.A., AND GORDON, J.R. Relapse Prevention. New York, Guilford Press, 1985.
18. MILLER, W.R.; WESTERBERG, V.S.; HARRIS, R.J.; AND TONIGAN, J.S. What predicts relapse? Prospective testing of antecedent models. Addiction 91:S155-S171, 1996.
19. MODELL, J.G.; GLASER, F.B.; CYR, L.; AND MOUNTZ, J.M. Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of craving for alcohol in alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 16:272-274, 1992a.
20. MODELL, J.G.; GLASER, F.B.; MOUNTZ, J.M.; SCHMALTZ, S.; AND CYR, L. Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence: Quantification by a newly developed questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 16:266-271, 1992b.
21. MONTI, P.; BINKOFF, J.A.; ABRAMS, D.B.; ZWICK, W.R.; NIRENBERG, T.D., AND LIEPMAN, M.R. Reactivity of alcoholics and nonalcoholics to drinking cues. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96:122-126, 1987.
22. O'MALLEY, S.S.; JAFFE, A.J.; CHANG, G.; SCHOTTENFELD, R.S.; MEYER, R.E.; AND ROUNSAVILLE, B. Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 49:881-887, 1992.
23. PIERCE, R.C.; REEDER, D.C.; HICKS, J.; MORGAN, Z.R.; AND KALIVAS, P.W. Ibotenic acid lesions of the dorsal prefrontal cortex disrupt the expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Neuroscience 82:1103-1114, 1998.
24. ROBERTS, J.S.; ANTON, R.F.; LATHAM, P.K.; AND MOAK, D.H. Factor structure and predictive validity of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 23:1484-1491, 1999.
25. ROBINSON, T.E., AND BERRIDGE, K.C. The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Review 18:247-291, 1993.
26. SAXENA, S.; BRODY, A.L.; SCHWARTZ, J.M.; AND BAXTER, L.R. Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 173:26-37, 1998.
27. SINGLETON, E.G., AND GORELICK, D.A. Mechanisms of alcohol craving and their clinical implications. In: Galanter, M., ed. Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Volume 14. The Consequences of Alcoholism. New York Plenum Press, 1998. pp. 177-195.
28. SINGLETON, E.G.; TIFFANY, S.T.; AND HENNINGFIELD, J.E. Development and validation of a new questionnaire to assess craving for alcohol. Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994: Proceeding of the 56th Annual Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Volume II: Abstracts. NIDA Research Monograph 153. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1995. p. 289.
29. SITHARTHAN, T.; MCGRATH, D.; SITHARTHAN, G.; AND SAUNDERS, J.B. Meaning of craving in research on addiction. Psychological Reports 71:823-826, 1992.
30. TIFFANY, S.T. A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review 97:147-168, 1990.
31. VOLPICELII, J.R.; ALTERMAN, A.I.; HAYASHIDA, M.; AND O'BRIEN, C.P. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 49:876-880, 1992.