메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 311-341

An unsupported common view: Comparing Japan and the U.S. on individualism/collectivism

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033273255     PISSN: 13672223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-839X.00043     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (220)

References (171)
  • 2
    • 85034539244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced measures against bullying in foreign countries
    • 22 June
    • Advanced measures against bullying in foreign countries. (1996). Asahi Shinbun, 22 June.
    • (1996) Asahi Shinbun
  • 6
    • 0042877675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Japanese and American college students on collectivism and social context of decision-making
    • Arikawa, H., & Templer, D. I. (1998). Comparison of Japanese and American college students on collectivism and social context of decision-making. Psychological Reports, 83, 577-578.
    • (1998) Psychological Reports , vol.83 , pp. 577-578
    • Arikawa, H.1    Templer, D.I.2
  • 7
    • 0346391747 scopus 로고
    • Nichi-bei-kan niokeru kojinshugi to shuudanshugi nikansuru kousa-bunka-shinrigaku-teki kenkyu
    • Tokyo: Nihon University
    • Asai, M. (1987). Nichi-bei-kan niokeru kojinshugi to shuudanshugi nikansuru kousa-bunka-shinrigaku-teki kenkyu [A cross-cultural study of individualism and collectivism between Japan and the U.S.]. Bulletin of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, 34, 167-188. Tokyo: Nihon University.
    • (1987) Bulletin of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences , vol.34 , pp. 167-188
    • Asai, M.1
  • 8
    • 0002409335 scopus 로고
    • Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
    • Whole No. 416
    • Asch, S.E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70 (9, Whole No. 416).
    • (1956) Psychological Monographs , vol.70 , Issue.9
    • Asch, S.E.1
  • 10
    • 84970421080 scopus 로고
    • Intercultural encounters: The management of compliments by Japanese and Americans
    • Barnlund, D.C., & Araki, S. (1985). Intercultural encounters: The management of compliments by Japanese and Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16, 9-26.
    • (1985) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 9-26
    • Barnlund, D.C.1    Araki, S.2
  • 12
    • 0347652588 scopus 로고
    • The matching of behavior rating and questionnaire personality factors
    • Becker, W.C. (1960). The matching of behavior rating and questionnaire personality factors. Psychological Bulletin, 57, 201-212.
    • (1960) Psychological Bulletin , vol.57 , pp. 201-212
    • Becker, W.C.1
  • 13
    • 0003166536 scopus 로고
    • A critique of the group model of Japanese society
    • Befu, H. (1980a). A critique of the group model of Japanese society. Social Analysis, 5/6, 29-43.
    • (1980) Social Analysis , vol.5-6 , pp. 29-43
    • Befu, H.1
  • 14
    • 25544448732 scopus 로고
    • Alternative models: The next step
    • Befu, H. (1980b). Alternative models: The next step. Social Analysis, 5/6, 188-193.
    • (1980) Social Analysis , vol.5-6 , pp. 188-193
    • Befu, H.1
  • 17
    • 0016286062 scopus 로고
    • On predicting some of the people some of the time: The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior
    • Bern, D.J., & Allen, A. (1974). On predicting some of the people some of the time: The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 506-520.
    • (1974) Psychological Review , vol.81 , pp. 506-520
    • Bern, D.J.1    Allen, A.2
  • 18
    • 58149403747 scopus 로고
    • Predicting more of the people more of the time: Assessing the personality of situations
    • Bern, D.J., & Funder, D.C. (1978). Predicting more of the people more of the time: Assessing the personality of situations. Psychological Review, 85, 485-494.
    • (1978) Psychological Review , vol.85 , pp. 485-494
    • Bern, D.J.1    Funder, D.C.2
  • 20
    • 0000102091 scopus 로고
    • Finding universal dimensions of individual variation in multicultural studies of values: The Rokeach and Chinese Value Surveys
    • Bond, M.H. (1988). Finding universal dimensions of individual variation in multicultural studies of values: The Rokeach and Chinese Value Surveys. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 1009-1015.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 1009-1015
    • Bond, M.H.1
  • 21
    • 84970103730 scopus 로고
    • College students' spontaneous self-concept: The effect of culture among respondents in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States
    • Bond, M.H., & Cheung, T.-S. (1983). College students' spontaneous self-concept: The effect of culture among respondents in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 14, 153-171.
    • (1983) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 153-171
    • Bond, M.H.1    Cheung, T.-S.2
  • 22
    • 21844502482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task
    • Bond R., & Smith, P.B. (1996). Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 111-137.
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.119 , pp. 111-137
    • Bond, R.1    Smith, P.B.2
  • 24
    • 0015664155 scopus 로고
    • Situationism in psychology: An analysis and a critique
    • Bowers, K.S. (1973). Situationism in psychology: An analysis and a critique. Psychological Review, 80, 307-336.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 307-336
    • Bowers, K.S.1
  • 25
    • 0347021876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualization of self-esteem in collectivistic and individualistic cultures
    • Seattle, WA, April
    • Carter, K.A., & Dinnel, D.L. (1997). Conceptualization of self-esteem in collectivistic and individualistic cultures. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Western Psychological Association, Seattle, WA, April.
    • (1997) Annual Convention of the Western Psychological Association
    • Carter, K.A.1    Dinnel, D.L.2
  • 28
    • 84965624454 scopus 로고
    • Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture
    • Chinese Culture Connection
    • Chinese Culture Connection (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 143-164.
    • (1987) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 143-164
  • 29
    • 77952311184 scopus 로고
    • Consider Japan - I. 1 September
    • Consider Japan - I. (1962). The Economist, 1 September, p. 794.
    • (1962) The Economist , pp. 794
  • 31
    • 0000568237 scopus 로고
    • Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States
    • Cousins, S.D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 124-131
    • Cousins, S.D.1
  • 33
    • 85012860665 scopus 로고
    • Rural origins of Japanese fascism
    • J.W. Morley (Ed.), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Dore, R.P., & Ouchi, T. (1971). Rural origins of Japanese fascism. In J.W. Morley (Ed.), Dilemmas of growth in prewar Japan (pp. 181-209). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1971) Dilemmas of Growth in Prewar Japan , pp. 181-209
    • Dore, R.P.1    Ouchi, T.2
  • 34
    • 58149405389 scopus 로고
    • The stability of behavior: I. On predicting most of the people most of the time
    • Epstein, S. (1979). The stability of behavior: I. On predicting most of the people most of the time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1097-1126.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1097-1126
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 35
    • 34248492574 scopus 로고
    • The stability of behavior: II. Implications for psychological research
    • Epstein, S. (1980). The stability of behavior: II. Implications for psychological research. American Psychologist, 35, 790-806.
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 790-806
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 38
    • 0023754671 scopus 로고
    • The dark side of self and social perception: Black uniforms and aggression in professional sports
    • Frank, M.G., & Gilovich, T. (1988). The dark side of self and social perception: Black uniforms and aggression in professional sports. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 74-85.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 74-85
    • Frank, M.G.1    Gilovich, T.2
  • 40
    • 0031500106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic correlates of individualism and collectivism: A study of social values in Sri Lanka
    • Freeman, M.A. (1997). Demographic correlates of individualism and collectivism: A study of social values in Sri Lanka. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 321-341.
    • (1997) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 321-341
    • Freeman, M.A.1
  • 45
    • 0001858031 scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal and intergroup communication in Japan and the United States
    • W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.). Albany, NY: SUNY Press
    • Gudykunst, W. B., & Nishida, T. (1993). Interpersonal and intergroup communication in Japan and the United States. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication in Japan and the United States (pp. 149-214). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
    • (1993) Communication in Japan and the United States , pp. 149-214
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Nishida, T.2
  • 46
    • 85034556353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of culture and strength of cultural identity on individual values in Japan and the United States
    • in press
    • Gudykunst, W.B., & Nishida, T. (in press). The influence of culture and strength of cultural identity on individual values in Japan and the United States. Intercultural Communications Studies.
    • Intercultural Communications Studies
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Nishida, T.2
  • 47
    • 0001674780 scopus 로고
    • The influence of individualism-collectivism on perceptions of communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships
    • Gudykunst, W.B., Yoon, Y.-C., & Nishida, T. (1987). The influence of individualism-collectivism on perceptions of communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships. Communication Monographs, 54, 295-306.
    • (1987) Communication Monographs , vol.54 , pp. 295-306
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Yoon, Y.-C.2    Nishida, T.3
  • 48
    • 0001081862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures
    • Gudykunst, W.B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510-543.
    • (1996) Human Communication Research , vol.22 , pp. 510-543
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Matsumoto, Y.2    Ting-Toomey, S.3    Nishida, T.4    Kim, K.5    Heyman, S.6
  • 49
    • 84970226166 scopus 로고
    • The influence of individualism-collectivism, self-monitoring, and predicted-outcome value on communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships
    • Gudykunst, W.B., Gao, G., Schmidt, K.L., Nishida, T., Bond, M.H., Leung, K., Wang, G., & Barraclough, R.A. (1992). The influence of individualism-collectivism, self-monitoring, and predicted-outcome value on communication in ingroup and outgroup relationships. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 23, 196-213.
    • (1992) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 196-213
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Gao, G.2    Schmidt, K.L.3    Nishida, T.4    Bond, M.H.5    Leung, K.6    Wang, G.7    Barraclough, R.A.8
  • 50
    • 0039875963 scopus 로고
    • Nihonjin no rentaiteki jiritsusei: Kanjinshugi to kojinshugi
    • Hamaguchi, E. (1980). Nihonjin no rentaiteki jiritsusei: Kanjinshugi to kojinshugi [Japanese connected autonomy: Contextualism and individualism]. Gendai no Esupuri, 160, 127-143.
    • (1980) Gendai No Esupuri , vol.160 , pp. 127-143
    • Hamaguchi, E.1
  • 57
    • 21344486420 scopus 로고
    • Individual perceptions of organizational cultures: A methodological treatise on levels of analysis
    • Hofstede, G., Bond, M.H., & Luk, C.-L. (1993). Individual perceptions of organizational cultures: A methodological treatise on levels of analysis. Organization Studies, 14, 483-503.
    • (1993) Organization Studies , vol.14 , pp. 483-503
    • Hofstede, G.1    Bond, M.H.2    Luk, C.-L.3
  • 59
    • 0023831080 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of individualism-collectivism
    • Hui, C.H. (1988). Measurement of individualism-collectivism. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 17-36.
    • (1988) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.22 , pp. 17-36
    • Hui, C.H.1
  • 60
    • 84866804012 scopus 로고
    • "Ijime" no nichibei hikaku
    • Ichiki, K. (1985). "Ijime" no nichibei hikaku [A comparison between Japan and the U.S. concerning "bullying"]. Kyouiku to Igaku, 33, 919-924.
    • (1985) Kyouiku to Igaku , vol.33 , pp. 919-924
    • Ichiki, K.1
  • 63
    • 85034547132 scopus 로고
    • Nichi-bei chuugakusei chousa
    • February. Tokyo: Author
    • Japan Youth Research Institute (1986). Nichi-bei chuugakusei chousa [A survey of junior high school students in Japan and the U.S.]. Newsletter, No. 9, February. Tokyo: Author.
    • (1986) Newsletter , Issue.9
  • 64
    • 0345749868 scopus 로고
    • Judgment of contingency between response and outcome
    • Whole No. 594
    • Jenkins, H.M., & Ward, W.C. (1965). Judgment of contingency between response and outcome. Psychological Monographs, 79 (1, Whole No. 594).
    • (1965) Psychological Monographs , vol.79 , Issue.1
    • Jenkins, H.M.1    Ward, W.C.2
  • 65
    • 0002312862 scopus 로고
    • Made in America (under Japanese management)
    • Johnson, R.T., & Ouchi, W.G. (1974). Made in America (under Japanese management). Harvard Business Review, 52, 61-69.
    • (1974) Harvard Business Review , vol.52 , pp. 61-69
    • Johnson, R.T.1    Ouchi, W.G.2
  • 66
    • 0038874939 scopus 로고
    • Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group level
    • Judd, C.M., & Park, B. (1988). Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group level. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 778-788.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 778-788
    • Judd, C.M.1    Park, B.2
  • 67
    • 0002525837 scopus 로고
    • Individual and group loyalties: Are they compatible?
    • Ç. Kâgitçibasi (Ed.). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger
    • Kâgitçibasi, Ç. (1987). Individual and group loyalties: Are they compatible? In Ç. Kâgitçibasi (Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 94-104). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
    • (1987) Growth and Progress in Cross-cultural Psychology , pp. 94-104
    • Kâgitçibasi, Ç.1
  • 68
    • 0002626614 scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation
    • U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Kâgitçibasi, Ç. (1994). A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation. In U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 52-65). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 52-65
    • Kâgitçibasi, Ç.1
  • 69
    • 85034548621 scopus 로고
    • Doushitsuka shakai no atsuryoku no hakeguchi: Ishitsusei mitomenu shisou no sakokusei
    • 24 March
    • Kasai, K. (1986). Doushitsuka shakai no atsuryoku no hakeguchi: Ishitsusei mitomenu shisou no sakokusei [The outlet for the pressure of the homogenized society: The isolationism of the ideology that does not allow heterogeneity]. Asahi Shinbun, 24 March.
    • (1986) Asahi Shinbun
    • Kasai, K.1
  • 71
    • 0346391746 scopus 로고
    • Rutland, VT; Tokyo: C.E. Tuttle
    • Kawasaki, I. (1969). Japan unmasked. Rutland, VT; Tokyo: C.E. Tuttle.
    • (1969) Japan Unmasked
    • Kawasaki, I.1
  • 72
    • 0023704410 scopus 로고
    • Profiting from controversy: Lessons from the person-situation debate
    • Kenrick, D.T., & Funder, D.C. (1988). Profiting from controversy: Lessons from the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 43, 23-34.
    • (1988) American Psychologist , vol.43 , pp. 23-34
    • Kenrick, D.T.1    Funder, D.C.2
  • 73
    • 0000366056 scopus 로고
    • Reward allocations in the United States, Japan, and Korea: A comparison of individualistic and collectivistic cultures
    • Kim, K.I., Park, H-J., & Suzuki, N. (1990). Reward allocations in the United States, Japan, and Korea: A comparison of individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 188-198.
    • (1990) Academy of Management Journal , vol.33 , pp. 188-198
    • Kim, K.I.1    Park, H.-J.2    Suzuki, N.3
  • 74
    • 0007173897 scopus 로고
    • The self in different contexts: Towards the development of a new individualism and collectivism scale
    • Seoul, Korea, June
    • Kim, U. (1994). The self in different contexts: Towards the development of a new individualism and collectivism scale. Paper presented at the workshop, Asian psychologies: Indigenous, social, and cultural perspectives, Seoul, Korea, June.
    • (1994) The Workshop, Asian Psychologies: Indigenous, Social, and Cultural Perspectives
    • Kim, U.1
  • 76
    • 0347652585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bunka to kokoro ni tsuiteno minori aru daiarougu ni mukete: Takano & Osaka (1997) ronbun no igi to mondai
    • Kitayama, S. (1999). Bunka to kokoro ni tsuiteno minori aru daiarougu ni mukete: Takano & Osaka (1997) ronbun no igi to mondai [Toward a fruitful dialogue on culture and psychology: Comments on Takano & Osaka (1997)]. Cognitive Studies, 6, 106-114.
    • (1999) Cognitive Studies , vol.6 , pp. 106-114
    • Kitayama, S.1
  • 77
    • 85034540709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shakaiteki ninshiki no bunkateki baikai moderu: Taiousei baiasu no bunka-shinrigaku-teki kentou
    • K. Kashiwagi, S. Kitayama, & H. Azuma (Eds.). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press
    • Kitayama, S., & Masuda, T. (1997). Shakaiteki ninshiki no bunkateki baikai moderu: Taiousei baiasu no bunka-shinrigaku-teki kentou [A culture mediation model of social cognition: A cultural psychological investigation of correspondence bias]. In K. Kashiwagi, S. Kitayama, & H. Azuma (Eds.), Bunka-shinrigaku: Riron to Kensho [Cultural psychology: Theory and verification]. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
    • (1997) Bunka-shinrigaku: Riron to Kensho [Cultural Psychology: Theory and Verification]
    • Kitayama, S.1    Masuda, T.2
  • 80
    • 84963025676 scopus 로고
    • Attitude versus actions
    • LaPiere, R.T. (1934). Attitude versus actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-237.
    • (1934) Social Forces , vol.13 , pp. 230-237
    • Lapiere, R.T.1
  • 84
    • 0024713622 scopus 로고
    • Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation
    • Linville, P.W., Fischer, G.W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 165-188.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 165-188
    • Linville, P.W.1    Fischer, G.W.2    Salovey, P.3
  • 85
    • 0004246455 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Loftus, E.F. (1979). Eyewitness testimony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1979) Eyewitness Testimony
    • Loftus, E.F.1
  • 87
    • 0001371817 scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
    • Lord, C.G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M.R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2098-2109.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 2098-2109
    • Lord, C.G.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.R.3
  • 89
    • 0004221953 scopus 로고
    • Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell
    • Lukes, S. (1973). Individualism. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
    • (1973) Individualism
    • Lukes, S.1
  • 92
    • 84925930029 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of rules of justice: Japanese versus American
    • Mahler, I., Greenberg, L., & Hayashi, H. (1981). A comparative study of rules of justice: Japanese versus American. Psychologia, 24, 1-8.
    • (1981) Psychologia , vol.24 , pp. 1-8
    • Mahler, I.1    Greenberg, L.2    Hayashi, H.3
  • 93
    • 0001317785 scopus 로고
    • A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups
    • Mann, R.D. (1959). A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 241-270.
    • (1959) Psychological Bulletin , vol.56 , pp. 241-270
    • Mann, R.D.1
  • 94
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 96
    • 84965763117 scopus 로고
    • Strong, quasi-, and weak conformity among Japanese in the modified Asch procedure
    • Matsuda, N. (1985). Strong, quasi-, and weak conformity among Japanese in the modified Asch procedure. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16, 83-97.
    • (1985) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 83-97
    • Matsuda, N.1
  • 97
    • 0030093676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of individualism and collectivism in the United States and Japan
    • Matsumoto, D., Kudoh, T., & Takeuchi, S. (1996). Changing patterns of individualism and collectivism in the United States and Japan. Culture & Psychology, 2, 77-107.
    • (1996) Culture & Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 77-107
    • Matsumoto, D.1    Kudoh, T.2    Takeuchi, S.3
  • 98
    • 0031494262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-specific measurement of individualism-collectivism on the individual level: The individualism-collectivism interpersonal assessment inventory
    • Matsumoto, D., Weissman, M.D., Preston, K., Brown, B.R., & Kupperbusch, C. (1997). Context-specific measurement of individualism-collectivism on the individual level: The individualism-collectivism interpersonal assessment inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 743-767.
    • (1997) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 743-767
    • Matsumoto, D.1    Weissman, M.D.2    Preston, K.3    Brown, B.R.4    Kupperbusch, C.5
  • 100
    • 0015643352 scopus 로고
    • Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
    • Mischel, W. (1973). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. Psychological Review, 80, 252-283.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 252-283
    • Mischel, W.1
  • 101
    • 0000616876 scopus 로고
    • On the interface of cognition and personality: Beyond the person-situation debate
    • Mischel, W. (1979). On the interface of cognition and personality: Beyond the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 34, 740-754.
    • (1979) American Psychologist , vol.34 , pp. 740-754
    • Mischel, W.1
  • 102
    • 0000768380 scopus 로고
    • Convergences and challenges in the search for consistency
    • Mischel, W. (1984). Convergences and challenges in the search for consistency. American Psychologist, 39, 351-364.
    • (1984) American Psychologist , vol.39 , pp. 351-364
    • Mischel, W.1
  • 105
    • 85034547956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kouritsu yuusen no shakai utsusu
    • 21 April
    • Morita, Y. (1997). Kouritsu yuusen no shakai utsusu [Reflecting the society that assigns priority to efficiency]. Asahi Shinbun, 21 April.
    • (1997) Asahi Shinbun
    • Morita, Y.1
  • 108
    • 0347652584 scopus 로고
    • Nihon-teki shakai kouzou no hakken: Tan-itsu shakai no riron
    • May
    • Nakane, C. (1964). Nihon-teki shakai kouzou no hakken: Tan-itsu shakai no riron [The discovery of Japanese social structure: A theory of the unilateral society]. Chuuoukouron, May, 48-85.
    • (1964) Chuuoukouron , pp. 48-85
    • Nakane, C.1
  • 110
    • 0004285224 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
    • Nakane, C. (1970). Japanese society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    • (1970) Japanese Society
    • Nakane, C.1
  • 114
    • 34248438004 scopus 로고
    • Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members
    • Park, B., & Rothbart, M. (1982). Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 1051-1068.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 1051-1068
    • Park, B.1    Rothbart, M.2
  • 115
  • 118
    • 0001042798 scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals
    • Robinson, W.S. (1950). Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. American Sociological Review, 15, 351-357.
    • (1950) American Sociological Review , vol.15 , pp. 351-357
    • Robinson, W.S.1
  • 121
    • 38549138812 scopus 로고
    • The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.). New York: Academic Press
    • Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1977) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.10
    • Ross, L.1
  • 124
    • 0013994747 scopus 로고
    • Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Whole No. 609
    • Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (Whole No. 609).
    • (1966) Psychological Monographs , vol.80
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 126
    • 0347021866 scopus 로고
    • Ookura-shou/nichigin ouchou no bunseki: Souryokusen keizai taisei no shuuen
    • August
    • Sakakibara, E., & Noguchi, Y. (1977). Ookura-shou/nichigin ouchou no bunseki: Souryokusen keizai taisei no shuuen [An analysis of the dynasty of the Ministry of Finance/Bank of Japan: The end of the total war economic system]. Chuuou-Kouron, August, 96-150.
    • (1977) Chuuou-Kouron , pp. 96-150
    • Sakakibara, E.1    Noguchi, Y.2
  • 128
    • 26544463916 scopus 로고
    • Student's killing displays dark side of Japan schools
    • 3 April
    • Sanger, D.E. (1993). Student's killing displays dark side of Japan schools. The New York Times, 3 April, pp. L1, L3.
    • (1993) The New York Times
    • Sanger, D.E.1
  • 129
    • 84972748779 scopus 로고
    • Individualism-collectivism: Critique and proposed refinements
    • Schwartz, S.H. (1990). Individualism-collectivism: Critique and proposed refinements. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 139-157.
    • (1990) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 139-157
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 130
    • 0001937917 scopus 로고
    • Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values
    • U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Schwartz, S.H. (1994). Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 133
    • 21844491931 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals
    • Singelis, T.M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580-591.
    • (1994) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 580-591
    • Singelis, T.M.1
  • 134
    • 38249041853 scopus 로고
    • Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation
    • Skov, R.B., & Sherman, S.J. (1986). Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 93-121.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 93-121
    • Skov, R.B.1    Sherman, S.J.2
  • 136
    • 0030495415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National culture and the values of organization employees: A dimensional analysis across 43 nations
    • Smith, P.B., Dugan, S., & Trompenaars, F. (1996). National culture and the values of organization employees: A dimensional analysis across 43 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 231-264.
    • (1996) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 231-264
    • Smith, P.B.1    Dugan, S.2    Trompenaars, F.3
  • 137
    • 84991145187 scopus 로고
    • The Rotter locus of control scale in 43 countries: A test of cultural relativity
    • Smith, P.B., Trompenaars, F., & Dugan, S. (1995). The Rotter locus of control scale in 43 countries: A test of cultural relativity. International Journal of Psychology, 30, 377-400.
    • (1995) International Journal of Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 377-400
    • Smith, P.B.1    Trompenaars, F.2    Dugan, S.3
  • 139
    • 0040083399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional expression in Japan and the United States: The nonmonolithic nature of individualism and collectivism
    • Stephan, C.W., Stephan, W.G., Saito, I., & Barnett, S.M. (1998). Emotional expression in Japan and the United States: The nonmonolithic nature of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 728-748.
    • (1998) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 728-748
    • Stephan, C.W.1    Stephan, W.G.2    Saito, I.3    Barnett, S.M.4
  • 140
    • 25544434508 scopus 로고
    • Reappraising images of Japanese society
    • Sugimoto, Y., & Mouer, R. E. (1980). Reappraising images of Japanese society. Social Analysis, 5/6, 5-19.
    • (1980) Social Analysis , vol.5-6 , pp. 5-19
    • Sugimoto, Y.1    Mouer, R.E.2
  • 142
    • 0024635066 scopus 로고
    • Methodological problems in cross-cultural studies of linguistic relativity
    • Takano, Y. (1989). Methodological problems in cross-cultural studies of linguistic relativity. Cognition, 31, 141-162.
    • (1989) Cognition , vol.31 , pp. 141-162
    • Takano, Y.1
  • 143
    • 84866807750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kokuminsei" no kikensei
    • July
    • Takano, Y. (1998). "Kokuminsei" no kikensei [The danger from "national character"]. Gendai no Esupuri, 372, July, 125-131.
    • (1998) Gendai no Esupuri , vol.372 , pp. 125-131
    • Takano, Y.1
  • 144
    • 0346391703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shuudan-shugi ronsou o megutte: Kitayama-shi niyoru hihan no mondaiten
    • Takano, Y. (1999). Shuudan-shugi ronsou o megutte: Kitayama-shi niyoru hihan no mondaiten [About the collectivism controversy: Problems in Kitayama's criticisms]. Cognitive Studies, 6, 115-124.
    • (1999) Cognitive Studies , vol.6 , pp. 115-124
    • Takano, Y.1
  • 145
    • 0040576760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nihon-jin no shuudanshugi" to "amerika-jin no kojinshugi": Tsuusetsu no saikentou
    • Takano, Y., & Osaka, E. (1997). "Nihon-jin no shuudanshugi" to "amerika-jin no kojinshugi": Tsuusetsu no saikentou ["Japanese collectivism" and "American individualism": Re-examining the dominant view]. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 68, 312-327.
    • (1997) Japanese Journal of Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 312-327
    • Takano, Y.1    Osaka, E.2
  • 147
    • 0003984012 scopus 로고
    • (trans. H. Reeve). New York: Knopf. (Original work published 1840.)
    • Tocqueville, A.C.H.M.C. de (1946). Democracy in America (trans. H. Reeve). New York: Knopf. (Original work published 1840.)
    • (1946) Democracy in America
    • De Tocqueville, A.C.H.M.C.1
  • 148
    • 77955355562 scopus 로고
    • The role of causal inference in attitude attribution
    • Kyoto, Japan
    • Toyama, M. (1990). The role of causal inference in attitude attribution. Paper presented at the 22nd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Kyoto, Japan.
    • (1990) 22nd International Congress of Applied Psychology
    • Toyama, M.1
  • 150
    • 77955375935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taido kizoku niokeru taiou baiasu (2)
    • Nagoya, Japan
    • Toyama, M. (1999). Taido kizoku niokeru taiou baiasu (2) [Correspondence bias in attitude attribution (2)]. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association, Nagoya, Japan.
    • (1999) Annual Meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association
    • Toyama, M.1
  • 151
    • 0002964963 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism
    • J. J. Berman (Ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
    • Triandis, H.C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In J. J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1989. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
    • (1990) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1989
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 162
    • 0001353553 scopus 로고
    • Reasoning
    • B.M. Foss (Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin
    • Wason, P.C. (1966). Reasoning. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
    • (1966) New Horizons in Psychology
    • Wason, P.C.1
  • 163
    • 0001679603 scopus 로고
    • Individualism and interdependence
    • Waterman, A.W. (1981). Individualism and interdependence. American Psychologist, 36, 762-773.
    • (1981) American Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 762-773
    • Waterman, A.W.1
  • 164
    • 0347021798 scopus 로고
    • Kagaku-teki kachi ni taisuru gimon
    • Watsuji, T. (1950). Kagaku-teki kachi ni taisuru gimon [A question about its scientific value]. Japanese Journal of Ethnology, 14, 23-27.
    • (1950) Japanese Journal of Ethnology , vol.14 , pp. 23-27
    • Watsuji, T.1
  • 165
    • 0004235469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 22 June
    • Western wisdom against bullying (1996). Asahi Shinbun, 22 June.
    • (1996) Asahi Shinbun
  • 166
    • 84998354895 scopus 로고
    • Group composition and conforming behavior in Japanese students
    • Williams, T.P., & Sogon, S. (1984). Group composition and conforming behavior in Japanese students. Japanese Psychological Research, 26, 231-234.
    • (1984) Japanese Psychological Research , vol.26 , pp. 231-234
    • Williams, T.P.1    Sogon, S.2
  • 167
    • 84934452592 scopus 로고
    • The provision of a sanctioning system in the United States and Japan
    • Yamagishi, T. (1988a). The provision of a sanctioning system in the United States and Japan. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51, 265-271.
    • (1988) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.51 , pp. 265-271
    • Yamagishi, T.1
  • 168
    • 38249029072 scopus 로고
    • Exit from the group as an individualistic solution to the free rider problem in the United States and Japan
    • Yamagishi, T. (1988b). Exit from the group as an individualistic solution to the free rider problem in the United States and Japan. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 530-542.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 530-542
    • Yamagishi, T.1
  • 169
    • 0000219494 scopus 로고
    • Collectivism among the Japanese: A perspective from the self
    • U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Yamaguchi, S. (1994). Collectivism among the Japanese: A perspective from the self. In U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 175-188). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 175-188
    • Yamaguchi, S.1
  • 170
    • 84965722689 scopus 로고
    • Personality correlations of allocentric tendencies in individualistic and collective cultures
    • Yamaguchi, S., Kuhlman, D.M., & Sugimori, S. (1995). Personality correlations of allocentric tendencies in individualistic and collective cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 658-672.
    • (1995) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 658-672
    • Yamaguchi, S.1    Kuhlman, D.M.2    Sugimori, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.