Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: A longitudinal study

Child Development

Volumn 70, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1360-1372

  Eisenberg, Nancy ^a   Guthrie, Ivanna K ^d   Murphy, Bridget C ^b   Shepard, Stephanie A ^d   Cumberland, Amanda ^d   Carlo, Gustavo ^c  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INDIVIDUALITY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIALIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIALIZATION;

EID: 0033220182     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00100     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
2. Bar-Tal, D., & Raviv, A. (1979). Consistency in helping-behavior measures. Child Development, 50, 1235-1238.
3. Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Bergeman, C. S., Chipuer, H., Plomin, R., Pedersen, N. L., McClearn, G. E., Nesselroade, J. R., Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1993). Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: An adoption/twin study. Journal of Personality, 61, 159-180.
5. Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1973, January). Ego development and the provenance of thought: A longitudinal study of ego and cognitive development in young children. Progress report for the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant No. MH16080). Berkeley, CA: University of California.
6. Bryant, B. K. (1982). An index of empathy for children and adolescents. Child Development, 53, 413-425.
7. Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126.
8. Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
9. Davis, M. H., & Franzoi, S. (1991). Stability and change in adolescent self-consciousness and empathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 25, 70-87.
10. Eisenberg, N. (1986). Altruistic emotion, cognition and behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Eisenberg, N., Boehnke, K., Schuhler, P., & Silbereisen, R. K. (1985). The development of prosocial behavior and cognitions in German children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16, 69-82.
12. Eisenberg, N., Cameron, E., Tryon, K., & Dodez, R. (1981). Socialization of prosocial behavior in the preschool classroom. Developmental Psychology, 17, 773-782.
13. Eisenberg, N., Carlo, G., Murphy, B., & Van Court, P. (1995). Prosocial development in late adolescence: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 66, 911-936.
14. Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1991). Prosocial behavior and empathy: A multimethod, developmental perspective. In P. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 34-61). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), W. Damon (Series Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 701-778). New York: Wiley.
16. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Karbon, M., Murphy, B. C., Wosinski, M., Polazzi, L., Carlo, G., & Juhnke, C. (1996). The relations of children's dispositional prosocial behavior to emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Child Development, 67, 974-992.
17. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Miller, P. A., Shell, C., Shea, R., & May-Plumlee, T. (1990). Preschoolers' vicarious emotional responding and their situational and dispositional prosocial behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 36, 507-529.
18. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Smith, M., & Maszk, P. (1996). The relations of children's dispositional empathy-related responding to their emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 32, 195-209.
19. Eisenberg, N., Lennon, R., & Roth, K. (1983). Prosocial development: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 29, 846-855.
20. Eisenberg, N., McCreath, H., & Ahn, R. (1988). Vicarious emotional responsiveness and prosocial behavior: Their interrelations in young children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 298-311.
21. Eisenberg, N., Miller, P. A., Shell, R., McNalley, S., & Shea, C. (1991). Prosocial development in adolescence: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 27, 849-857.
22. Eisenberg, N., Pasternack, J. F., Cameron, E., & Tryon, K. (1984). The relation of quality and mode of prosocial behavior to moral cognitions and social style. Child Development, 155, 1479-1485.
23. Eisenberg, N., Shea, C. L., Carlo, G., & Knight, G. (1991). Empathy-related responding and cognition: A "chicken and the egg" dilemma. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Vol. 2. Research (pp. 63-88). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
24. Eisenberg, N., & Shell, R. (1986). The relation of prosocial moral judgment and behavior in children: The mediating role of cost. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 426-433.
25. Eisenberg, N., Shell, R., Pasternack, J., Lennon, R., Beller, R., & Mathy, R. M. (1987). Prosocial development in middle childhood: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 23, 712-718.
26. Eisenberg-Berg, N., & Hand, M. (1979). The relationship of preschoolers' reasoning about prosocial moral conflicts to prosocial behavior. Child Development, 50, 356-363.
27. Emde, R. N., Plomin, R., Robinson, J., Corley, R., DeFries, J., Fulker, D. W., Reznick, J. S., Campos, J., Kagan, J., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1992). Temperament, emotion, and cognition at fourteen months: The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study. Child Development, 63, 1437-1455.
28. Gergen, K. J., Gergen, M. M., & Meter, K. (1972). Individual orientations to prosocial behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 105-130.
29. Graziano, W. G. (1994). The development of agreeableness as a dimension of personality. In C. F. Halverson, Jr., G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 339-354). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Graziano, W. G., & Eisenberg, N. H. (1997). Agreeableness: A dimension of personality. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 795-824). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
31. Hoffman, M. L. (1981). Is altruism part of human nature? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 121-137.
32. Hoffman, M. L. (1982). Development of prosocial motivation: Empathy and guilt. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), The development of prosocial behavior (pp. 281-313). New York: Academic Press.
33. Hume, D. (1966). Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of morals (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. (Original work published 1777)
34. Kestenbaum, R., Farber, E. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1989). Individual differences in empathy among preschoolers: Relation to attachment history. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), New directions for child development: Vol. 44. Empathy and related emotional responses (pp. 51-64). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
35. Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Coy, K. C. (1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age. Child Development, 68, 263-277.
36. Kochanska, G., Padavich, D. L., & Koenig, A. L. (1996). Children's narratives about hypothetical moral dilemmas and objective measures of their conscience: Mutual relations and socialization antecedents. Child Development, 67, 1420-1436.
37. Koestner, R., Franz, C., & Weinberger, J. (1990). The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 709-717.
38. Larrieu, J., & Mussen, P. (1986). Some personality and motivational correlates of children's prosocial behavior. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 529-542.
39. Loehlin, J. C., & Nichols, R. C. (1976). Heredity, environment, and personality. Austin: University Of Texas Press.
40. MacKinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1994). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17, 144-158.
41. Matthews, K. A., Batson, C. D., Horn, J., & Rosenman, R. H. (1981). Principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others: The heritability of empathic concern for others. Journal of Personality, 49, 237-247.
42. Penner, L. A., & Finkelstein, M. A. (1998). Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 525-537.
43. Penner, L. A., Fritzsche, B. A., Craiger, J. P., & Freifeld, T. S. (1995). Measuring the prosocial personality. In J. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 10, pp. 147-163). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
44. Piliavin, J. A., Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Clark, R. D., III. (1981). Emergency intervention. New York: Academic Press.
45. Radke-Yarrow, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1984). Roots, motives, and patterns in children's prosocial behavior. In E. Staub, D. Bar-Tal, J. Karylowski, & J. Reykowski (Eds.), Development and maintenance of prosocial behavior: International perspectives on positive behavior (pp. 81-99). New York: Plenum.
46. Radke-Yarrow, M., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Chapman, M. (1983). Children's prosocial dispositions and behaviors. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 469-545). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
47. Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., & Hershey, K. L. (1994). Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 21-39.
48. Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (1998). Temperament. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), W. Damon (Series Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 105-176). New York: Wiley.
49. Rushton, J. P. (1980). Altruism, socialization, and society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
50. Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D., & Fekken, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 1-11.
51. Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C., Nias, D. K. B., & Eysenck, H. J. (1986). Altruism and aggression: The heritability of individual differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1192-1198.
52. Schwartz, S. H. (1968). Words, deeds, and the perception of consequences and responsibility in social situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 232-242.
53. Staub, E. (1974). Helping a distressed person: Social, personality, and stimulus determinants. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 293-341). New York: Academic Press.
54. Staub, E. (1979). Positive social behavior and morality: Vol 2. Socialization and development. New York: Academic Press.
55. Underwood, B., & Moore, B. (1982). Perspective-taking and altruism. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 143-173.
56. Weinberger, D. A. (1991). Social-emotional adjustment in older children and adults: I. Psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory. Unpublished manuscript, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
57. Weinberger, D. A. (1997). Distress and self-restraint as measures of adjustment across the life span: Confirmatory factor analyses in clinical and nonclinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 9, 132-135.
58. Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
59. Zahn-Waxler, C., Robinson, J., & Emde, R. N. (1992). The development of empathy in twins. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1038-1047.