Political responsibility for the administration of Europe: The commission's resignation March 1999

Parliamentary Affairs

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 703-718

  Macmullen, Andrew ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033209550     PISSN: 00312290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pa/52.4.703     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. The Commission is strictly speaking an organ of the three European Communities (of which rather confusingly the European Community EC is the most important) which were established in the 1950s. These constitute the main 'pillar' of the European Union EU created by the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. The budget and policy issues discussed here 'belong' to the EC and this title will normally be used unless a reference to more general EU issues is intended.
2. S. Hix and C. Lord, 'The Making of a President: the European Parliament and the Confirmation of Jacques Santer as President of the Commission', Government & Opposition, 1996.
3. R. Corbett, F. Jacobs and M. Shackleton, The European Parliament (Cartermill, 1995), p. 241.
4. First Report on Allegations Regarding Fraud, Mismanagement and Nepotism in the European Commission. Cited here as Report followed by paragraph numbers.
5. See M. Menindrou, 'European Community Fraud and the Politics of Institutional Development', European Journal of Political Research, 1994; J. Peterson, 'The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability', Political Studies, 1997; D. Ruimschotel, 'The EC Budget: Ten Per Cent Fraud? A Policy Analysis Approach', Journal of Common Market Studies, 1994.
6. See M. Menindrou, 'European Community Fraud and the Politics of Institutional Development', European Journal of Political Research, 1994; J. Peterson, 'The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability', Political Studies, 1997; D. Ruimschotel, 'The EC Budget: Ten Per Cent Fraud? A Policy Analysis Approach', Journal of Common Market Studies, 1994.
7. See M. Menindrou, 'European Community Fraud and the Politics of Institutional Development', European Journal of Political Research, 1994; J. Peterson, 'The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability', Political Studies, 1997; D. Ruimschotel, 'The EC Budget: Ten Per Cent Fraud? A Policy Analysis Approach', Journal of Common Market Studies, 1994.
8. See Guardian, 15 and 19 March 1999.
9. Guardian, 17 March 1999; Economist, 20 March 1999.
10. Guardian, 17 March 1999; Economist, 20 March 1999.
11. The position was complicated in that the Amsterdam Treaty was due to come into force on 1 May 1999, changing the rules. In addition, the incumbent Commissioners' term was due to expire at the end of 1999. Should replacements be made for a few months, or on the understanding that they would also take up a full five-year term? With the European Parliament due to be dissolved in May and elections held in June 1999, confirmation hearings and votes could not take place until after the new Parliament had met.
12. Prodi was approved by the European Parliament on 5 May by a vote of 392 to 42.
13. See B. Laffan, The Finances of the European Union (Macmillan, 1997); R. Levy, 'Re-engineering Audit and Performance Management Systems for Multi-level Governance: the EU experience', International Review of Administrative Science, 1998.
14. See B. Laffan, The Finances of the European Union (Macmillan, 1997); R. Levy, 'Re-engineering Audit and Performance Management Systems for Multi-level Governance: the EU experience', International Review of Administrative Science, 1998.
15. For the Delors style see M. Cini, The European Commission: Leadership, Organisation and Culture in the EU Administration (Manchester University Press, 1996); G. Ross, Jacques Delors and European Integration (Polity, 1995).
16. For the Delors style see M. Cini, The European Commission: Leadership, Organisation and Culture in the EU Administration (Manchester University Press, 1996); G. Ross, Jacques Delors and European Integration (Polity, 1995).
17. Further details in D. Coombes, Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Communities (Allen & Unwin, 1970); H. Michaelmann, Organisational Effectiveness in a Multi-National Bureaucracy (Saxon House, 1978); L. Metcalfe, 'After 1992: Can the Commission Manage Europe?', Australian Journal of Public Administration, 1992; A. MacMullen, 'European Commissioners 1952-1995: National Routes to a European Elite' in N. Nugent (ed), At the Heart of the Commission (Macmillan, 1997).
18. Further details in D. Coombes, Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Communities (Allen & Unwin, 1970); H. Michaelmann, Organisational Effectiveness in a Multi-National Bureaucracy (Saxon House, 1978); L. Metcalfe, 'After 1992: Can the Commission Manage Europe?', Australian Journal of Public Administration, 1992; A. MacMullen, 'European Commissioners 1952-1995: National Routes to a European Elite' in N. Nugent (ed), At the Heart of the Commission (Macmillan, 1997).
19. Further details in D. Coombes, Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Communities (Allen & Unwin, 1970); H. Michaelmann, Organisational Effectiveness in a Multi-National Bureaucracy (Saxon House, 1978); L. Metcalfe, 'After 1992: Can the Commission Manage Europe?', Australian Journal of Public Administration, 1992; A. MacMullen, 'European Commissioners 1952-1995: National Routes to a European Elite' in N. Nugent (ed), At the Heart of the Commission (Macmillan, 1997).
20. Further details in D. Coombes, Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Communities (Allen & Unwin, 1970); H. Michaelmann, Organisational Effectiveness in a Multi-National Bureaucracy (Saxon House, 1978); L. Metcalfe, 'After 1992: Can the Commission Manage Europe?', Australian Journal of Public Administration, 1992; A. MacMullen, 'European Commissioners 1952-1995: National Routes to a European Elite' in N. Nugent (ed), At the Heart of the Commission (Macmillan, 1997).
21. See B. Laffan, 'Becoming a Living Institution: The Evolution of the European Court of Auditors', Journal of Common Market Studies, 1999.