Sugar transporters in plant biology

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 187-191

  Bush, Daniel R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033152374     PISSN: 13695266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5266(99)80034-X     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Bush DR: Proton-coupled sugar and amino acid transporters in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1993, 44:513-542.
2. +-cotransporter. FEBS Lett 1989, 259:43-46.
3. Riesmeier JW, Willmitzer L, Frommer WB: Isolation and characterization of a sucrose carrier cDNA from spinach by functional expression in yeast. EMBO J 1992, 11:4705-4713.
4. Frommer WB, Ninnemann O: Heterologous expression of genes in bacterial, fungal, animal, and plant cells. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1995, 46:419-444.
5. Ward JM, Kuhn C, Tegeder M, Frommer WB: Sucrose transport in higher plants. Int Rev Cytol 1998, 178:41-71. A comprehensive review of sucrose transport in higher plants with specific emphasis on the biochemical and molecular properties of the proton-sucrose symporter.
6. Thorne JH: Phloem unloading of C and N assimilates in developing seeds. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 1985, 36:317-343.
7. Patrick JW: Phloem unloading - Sieve element unloading and post-sieve element transport. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1997, 48:191-222.
8. Ruan YL, Patrick JW, Brady C: Protoplast hexose carrier activity is a determinate of genotypic difference in hexose storage in tomato fruit. Plant Cell Environment 1997, 20:341-349.
9. Ylstra B, Garrido D, Busscher J, Vantunen AJ: Hexose transport in growing petunia pollen tubes and characterization of a pollen-specific, putative monosaccharide transporter. Plant Physiol 1998, 118:297-304. This paper is of special interest because it provided direct evidence that hexoses are the key carbohydrates in pollen tube growth and because it describes a gametophyte-specific hexose cDNA whose expression correlates with hexose transport activity.
10. Bush DR: The proton-sucrose symport. Photosynth Res 1992, 32:155-165
11. Harrington GN, Franceschi VR, Offler CE, Patrick JW, Tegeder M, Frommer WB, Harper JF, Hitz WD: Cell-specific expression of three genes involved in plasma membrane sucrose transport in developing Vicia faba seed. Protoplasma 1997, 197:160-173.
12. Harrington GN, Nussbaumer Y, Wang XD, Tegeder M, Franceschi VR, Frommer WB, Patrick JW, Offler CE: Spatial and temporal expression of sucrose transport-related genes in developing cotyledons of Vicia faba L. Protoplasma 1997, 200:35-50. The data in this paper show that the expression pattern of the proton-ATPase and proton-sucrose symporter genes closely match the differentiation of transfer cells in the epidermis of developing cotyledons in Vicia faba. This is an important contribution, in conjunction with their earlier paper that localized both transporters to the plasma membrane of these cells, because it demonstrates a direct link between cell development and sucrose transport activity in a sink tissue.
13. Weber H, Borisjuk L, Heim U, Sauer N, Wobus U: A role for sugar transporters during seed development: Molecular characterization of a hexose and a sucrose carrier in Fava bean seeds. Plant Cell 1997, 9:895-908. This paper describes cDNA clones of a hexose and a sucrose transporter in developing cotyledons of Vicia faba. This is of special interest because it links the sucrose symporter to sugar uptake in a sink tissue, and because the sucrose symporter was localized to transfer cells. Moreover, they show that exogenous sugars suppress both transfer cell differentiation and symporter gene expression, thereby coupling symporter gene expression to the differentiation of a highly specialized cell.
14. +-ATPase in minor veins of Vicia faba in relation to phloem loading. Plant Physiol 1994, 105:691-697.
15. + symporters from carrot. Plant Phys 1998, 118:1473-1480.
16. Th International Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology. Edited by Tester M, Morris C, Davies J. Exper Biol Online; 1999:98.
17. Griffith JK, Baker ME, Duncan RA, Page MGP, SkurrAr RA, Paulsen IT, Chater KF, Baldwin SA, Henderson PJF: Membrane transport proteins: Implications of sequence comparisons. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1992, 4:684-695.
18. Marger MD, Saier MH: A major superfamily of transmembrane facilitators that catalyse uniport, symport, and antiport. Trends Biochem Sci 1993, 18:13-20.
19. + symporter. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:3498-3502.
20. + cotransporter randomly generated by PCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994, 91:10163-10167.
21. + symporters by mutations and construction of chimeras. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:11456-11462. The authors used a function-based screen of random mutants and chimeric transporters to identify amino acid residues that are important for glucose transport in HUP1, a member of the MFS. This is of special interest because several TMDs were identified that are important for function and because a single amino acid substitution had a profound impact on substrate specificity.
22. + uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1998, 18:926-935. The gain-of-function mutations selected for in the results reported here identified several new amino acid residues and protein domains that are important for glucose transport. The novel experimental approach yielded new insight into the function of eukaryotic members of the hexose transporters in the MFS.
23. Lu JMY, Bush DR: His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95:9025-9030. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to show that His-65 is a critical amino acid residue in the transport reaction of the proton-sucrose symporter. This is an interesting paper because of the surprising observation that lysine and arginine substitutions of His-65 yielded symporters with 8- to 15-fold increases in Vmax transport activity.
24. Bush DR: Inhibitors of the proton-sucrose symport. Arch Biochem Biophys 1993, 307:355-360.
25. Turgeon R: Sink-source transition in leaves. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40:119-138.
26. Lemoine R, Gallet O, Gaillard C, Frommer W, Delrot S: Plasma membrane vesicles from source and sink leaves - Changes in solute transport and polypeptide composition. Plant Physiol 1992, 100:1150-1156.
27. Kuhn C, Franceschi VR, Schulz A, Lemoine R, Frommer WB: Macromolecular trafficking indicated by localization and turnover of sucrose transporters in enucleate sieve elements. Science 1997, 275:1298-1300. The data presented here provide evidence that proton-sucrose symporter mRNA is expressed in phloem companion cells and then transferred to adjacent sieve elements through plasmodesmata. They also show that symporter expression is diurnally regulated and that symporter protein is rapidly turned-over. This is a particularly noteworthy contribution because it highlights the complex interactions between the companion cells and sieve elements, and because it suggests the symporter could be regulated by protein turnover.
28. Sakr S, Lemoine R, Gaillard C, Delrot S: Effect of cutting on solute uptake by plasma membrane vesicles from sugar beet (Beta vulagris L.) leaves. Plant Physiol 1993, 103:49-58.
29. Sakr S, Noubahni M, Bourbouloux A, Riesmeier J, Frommer WB, Sauer N, Delrot S: Cutting, ageing and expression of plant membrane transporters. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta -Biomembranes 1997, 1330:207-216. The data reported here show that increases in proton-sucrose symporter activity in response to cutting were not the result of dramatic changes in symporter protein levels. This was the first observation that suggested the sucrose transport might be regulated by post-translational modification.
30. +-sucrose symporter may be directly regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. This is the first report of post-translational regulation of a sugar transporter in plants.
31. +-sucrose symporter is regulated by a signaling pathway that responds to systemic changes in carbon allocation. Increases in leaf sucrose levels decreased symporter activity and message levels, suggesting phloem loading by the symporter can be regulated by changes in sink utilization of phloem translocate.
32. Chiou TJ, Bush DR: Molecular cloning, immunochemical localization to the vacuole, and expression in transgenic yeast and tobacco of a putative sugar transporter from sugar beet. Plant Physiol 1996 110:511-520.