Shifting the main purposes of drug control: From suppression to regulation of use reduction of risks as the new focus for drug policy

International Journal of Drug Policy

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 223-234

  Cohen, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Amsterdam; Drugs; Risks

Indexed keywords

DRUG CONTROL; HUMAN; LAW ENFORCEMENT; NETHERLANDS; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0033150187     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-3959(99)00014-6     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abraham Manja, Cohen Peter, van Til Roelf-Jan, Langemeijer Marieke. Licit and illicit drug use in Amsterdam III. Developments in drug use 1987-1997. Amsterdam: CEDRO 1998. On-line: .
2. Abraham Manja, Cohen Peter, de Winter Marielle. Licit and illicit drug use in the Netherlands;Results of the first national drug use survey in the population of 12 years and older. Amsterdam: CEDRO 1999 (forthcoming).
3. Boekhout van Solinge Tim. The Swedish Drug Control System. An In-Depth Review and Analysis. Amsterdam: CEDRO/Mets, 1997.
4. Caulkins Jonathan P, Reuter Peter. Setting goals for drug policy: harm reduction or use reduction? Addiction 1997;92(9):1143-50.
5. Cohen Peter. Cocaine use in Amsterdam in non deviant subcultures. Amsterdam: Department of Human Geography, University of Amsterdam, 1989. On-line: .
6. Cohen Peter. Re-thinking drug control policy. Historical perspectives and conceptual tools. Paper presented at the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Geneva, 7-8 July 1993, Palais des Nations, Symposium The Crisis of Social Development in 1990's. In: Böllinger Lorenz, editor. De-Americanizing Drug Policy. Peter Lang Publishers, 1994, pp. 189-198. On-line: .
7. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Ten years of cocaine. A follow-up study of 64 cocaine users in Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Department of Human Geography, University of Amsterdam, 1993.
8. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Cocaine use in Amsterdam in non deviant subcultures. Addiction Res. 1994;2(1):71-94. On-line: .
9. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Cocaine use in Amsterdam II. Initiation and patterns of use after 1986. Amsterdam: Department of Human Geography, University of Amsterdam, 1995.
10. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Les usages de cocaine chez les consommateurs insérés Amsterdam. In: Ehrenberg A, editor. Vivre avec les drogues. Régulations, politiques, marchés, usages. Communications 62. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1996, pp. 195-221. On-line: .
11. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan., Cannabis use, a stepping stone to other drug use? The case of Amsterdam. In: Böllinger Lorenz, editor. Cannabis Science/Cannabis Wissenschaft. Frankfurt Am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1997, pp. 49-82. On-line: .
12. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Cannabis Use in Amsterdam; Patterns of Consumption among 216 Experience Cannabis Users, 1998a. On-line: www.frw.uva.nl/cedro/library/ cannabis/canasd.pdf.
13. Cohen Peter, Sas Arjan. Cannabis gebruik in Tilburg en Utrecht. Amsterdam: Cedro, University of Amsterdam, 1998b.
14. Ditton Jason, Hammersley Richard. A very greedy drug. Cocaine in Context. New York: Harwood Academic, 1996.
15. Erickson Patricia G, Adlaf Edward M, Smart Reginald G, Murray Glenn F. The Steel Drug. Cocaine and Crack in Perspective. Second Edition Lexington: Lexington Books, 1994.
16. Gerritsen Jan-Willem. De politieke economie van de roes. De ontwikkeling van reguleringsregimes voor alcohol en opiaten. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1993.
17. Goode Erich. The Marihuana Smokers. New York: Basic Books, 1970.
18. Harrison Lana. Cocaine using careers in perspective. Addiction Res 1994;2(1):1-19. Special Issue. Cocaine in the community: International perspectives.
19. Hall Wayne, Solowij Nadia. Adverse effects of cannabis. Lancet 1998;352:1611-1616.
20. Kleiber Dieter, Soellner Renate. Cannabiskonsum. Entwicklungstendenzen, Konsummuster und Risiken. Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, 1998.
21. De Kort, Marcel. Tussen patient en delinquent. Geschiedenis van het Nederlandse drugsbeleid. Hilversum: Verloren, 1995.
22. Langemeijer Marieke, van Til Roelf-Jan, Cohen Peter., Het gebruik van legale en illegale drugs in Utrecht en Tilburg. Amsterdam: CEDRO, 1998.
23. Leuw Ed, Hean Marshall Ineke. Between Prohibition and Legalization. The Dutch Experiment in Drug Policy. Amsterdam: Kugler, 1994.
24. Morgan John P, Zimmer Lynn. Exposing Marihuana Myths. A review of the scientific evidence. In: Böllinger Lorenz, editor. Cannabis Science/Cannabis Wissenschaft. Frankfurt Am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1997a, pp. 101-126. On-line: .
25. Morgan John P, Zimmer Lynn. Marijuana myths, marijuana facts: A review of the scientific evidence. New York: The Lindesmith Center, 1997b.
26. Polak Freek. The medicalization of (problematic) intoxicant use and the medical provision of psychoactive drugs. In: Böllinger Lorenz, editor. De-Americanizing Drug policy. The Search for Alternatives to Failed Repression. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1994.
27. Reilly David et al. Long-term cannabis use: characteristics of users in an Australian rural area. Addiction 1998;93(6):837-846.
28. Reinarman Craig, Levine Harry. Crack in America. Demon Drugs and Social Justice. Berkely: University of California Press, 1997.
29. Robbe Hindrik WJ. Influence of marihuana on driving. Dissertation. Maastricht: Institute of Human Psychopharmacology, University of Limburg, 1994.
30. Robbe Hindrik WJ. Cannabis and car driving. In: Böllinger Lorenz, editor, Cannabis Science/Cannabis Wissenschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag, 1997, pp. 127-137.
31. Rubin Vera, Lambros Comitas. Ganja in Jamaica. A Medical Anthropological Study of Chronic Marihuana Use. The Hague: Mouton, 1975.
32. Sandwijk JP, Westerterp I, Musterd S, Het gebruik van legale en illegale drugs in Amsterdam. Verslag van een prevalentie-onderzoek onder de bevolking van 12 jaar en ouder. Institute voor Sociale Geografie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1988.
33. Sandwijk JP, Cohen PDA, Musterd S, Licit and illicit drug use in Amsterdam. Report of a household survey in 1990 on the prevalence of drug use among the population of 12 years and over. Amsterdam, Department of Human Geography, University of Amsterdam, 1991.
34. Sandwijk JP, Cohen PDA, Musterd S, Langemeijer MPS, Licit and illicit drug use in Amsterdam II. Report of a household survey in 1994 on the prevalence of drug use amoung the population of 12 years and over. Amsterdam, Department of Human Geography, University of Amsterdam, 1995.
35. Tullis Lamond. Unintended consequences. Illegal drugs and drug policies in nine countries. Volume four of 'Studies on the impact of the illegal drug trade', a project of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and the United Nations University (UNU). Boulder, 1995.
36. Waldorf Dan, Reinarman Craig, Murphy Sheighla. Cocaine Changes: The Experience of Using and Quitting. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
37. WHO. Programme on Substance Abuse. Cannabis: A Health Perspective and Research Agenda. Geneva: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse, 1997.
38. Wolters Eric. Biomedical and neuropharmacological issues. In: Cohen Peter, editor. Cocaine Use in Amsterdam in Non Deviant Subcultures. Amsterdam: Department of Human Geography, 1989, pp. 159-168.