The changing landscape for clinical research

Academic Medicine

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 726-745

  Heinig, Stephen J ^a   Quon, Andrew S W ^a   Meyer, Roger E ^b,c   Kom, David ^a  

^a ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES   (United States)

^b GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRUG INDUSTRY; ECONOMICS; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HISTORY; HUMAN; RESEARCH; REVIEW; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; ARTICLE; BUDGET; CLINICAL EDUCATION; CLINICAL RESEARCH; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INVESTMENT; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MOTIVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TAX;

ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS; DRUG INDUSTRY; FINANCING, GOVERNMENT; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (U.S.); RESEARCH; RESEARCH SUPPORT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033146704     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: 1938808X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199906000-00024     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Korn D. Reengineering academic medical centers: reengineering academic values Acad Med. 1996; 71: 1033-43.
2. Korn D (chairman). The Financing of Medical Schools. Report of the AAMC Task Force on Medical School Financing. Washington, DC: American Association of Medical Colleges, 1997.
3. Crowley WF, Thier SO. The continuing dilemma in clinical investigation and the future of American health care: a system-wide problem requiring collaborative solutions. Acad Med. 1996;71:1154-63.
4. Ahrens EH. The Crisis in Clinical Research. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
5. Kelley WN (chairman). Careers in Clinical Research: Obstacles and Opportunities. Committee on Addressing Career Paths for Clinical Research, Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994.
6. Nathan DG (chairman). The NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical Research Report to the Advisory Committee of the Director. http://www.nih.gov/news/crp/97report/index.htm, accessed April 12, 1999. Bethcsda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1997.
7. Shulman LE. Clinical research 1996: stirrings from the academic medical centers. Acad Med. 1996; 71:362-98s.
8. Levit KR, Latenby HC, Braden BR, and the National Health Accounts Team. National health spending trends in 1996. Health Aff. 1998; 17:1:35-51.
9. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). 1998 Industry Profile. http://www.phrma.org/pubIications/industry/profile98/index.html, accessed October 15, 1998. Washington, DC: PhRMA.
10. Goetz K. CenterWatch. 1998 May; 5(5): 1.
11. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association (PhRMA) Foundation. http://www. phrmaf.org/, accessed on April 12, 1999. Washington, DC: PhRMA.$1.5+ million in support of researchers and scientists in 1998. News release, May 18, 1998. Washington, DC: PhRMA Foundation.
12. National Institutes of Health. NIH extramural awards by activity FY 1988-1997. http:/ /silk.nih.gov/public/cbz2zoz.@www.trends97.extb yact.fy8897.dsncc, accessed April 12,1999.
13. National Center for Research Resources. NCRR Clinical Research Fact Sheet http://www.ncrr. nih.gov/clinical/crfact.pdf, accessed April 12, 1999. Bethesda, MD: NIH.
14. Barnett P, Garber AM. The cost of VA-spon-sored research. Acad Med. 1996; 71:1074-8.
15. American Cancer Society, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Pew Charitable Trusts. Strengthening Health Research in America: Philanthropy's Role. February 1998. http://www.pewtrusts.com/Pubs/hhs/strengthenhealth.pdf, accessed April 12, 1999.
16. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. HHMI research in progress, http://www.hhmi.org/sci-ence/rip/foreword.htm, accessed April 12, 1999. Bethesda, MD: HHMI.
17. Netting PA, Green LA. Practice-based research networks reuniting practice and research around the problems most of the people have most of the time. J Fam Pract. 1994:38;335-336.
18. Genel M. Lessons from practice-based clinical research. Pediatrics. 1997; 99: 597-8.
19. American Academy of Pediatrics. About PROS http://www.aap.org/pros/abtpros.htm, accessed April 12, 1999. Elk Grove Village, 1L: Pediatric Research in Office Settings.
20. Nelson AF, Quiter ES, Solberg LI. The state of research within managed care plans: 1997 survey. Health Aff. 1998; 17: 128-38.
21. Jones RF, Sanderson SC. Clinical revenues used to support the academic mission of medical schools, 1992-93. Acad Med. 1996; 71:300-7.
22. National Institutes of Health. NIH extramural data, 1997. http://silk.nih.gov/public/cbz2zoz.@www.contents.htm, accessed April 12, 1999. Bethesda, MD: NIH.
23. Goldstein JL, Brown MS. The clinical investigator: bewitched, bothered, and bewildered—but still beloved. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99:2803-12.
24. Richard Rettig, RAND Corporation, Washington, DC. Personal communication, December 29, 1998.
25. Moy E, Mazzaschi AJ, Levin RJ, Blake DA, Griner PF. Growth in NIH research awards to U.S. medical schools from 1986 to 1995 in different managed care markets. JAMA. 1997; 278:217-21.
26. Lightfoot G (chair). ACRP's white paper on future trends. Report of the ACRP Future Trends Committee. The Monitor, Spring 1997.
27. Snyderman R. Restructuring the Research Enterprise for the Future. Mission Management: A New Synthesis. Washington, DC: Association of Academic Health Centers, 1998.
28. Goetz K. AMC models for reform. CenterWatch. 1997 Nov;4(7):l.
29. Blumenthal D, Meyer GS. Academic health centers in a changing environment. Health Aff. 1996; 15; 2:200.
30. Thompson JN, Moskowitz J. Preventing the extinction of the clinical research ecosystem. JAMA. 1997;278:241-245.
31. Rosenberg LE. Physician-scientists—endangered and essential. Science. 1999;283:331-332.
32. Kassebaum D, Szenas P, Schuchert MK. On rising medical student debt: in for a penny, in for a pound. Acad Med. 1996;71:1123-1134.
33. Wyngaarden JB. The clinical investigator as an endangered species. N Engl J Med. 1979; 301;23:1254-1259.
34. Thier SO (chair). Leveling the Playing Field: Financing the Missions of Academic Health Centers. Findings and recommendations of the Commonwealth Fund Task Force on Academic Health Centers. New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1997.
35. Fishman L. Medicare Payments with an Education Label: Fundamentals and the Future. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges, 1996.
36. Hatfield MO. The case for dedicated funding. In: Barfield CE, Smith BLR (eds). The Future of Biomedical Research. Washington, DC:The American Enterprise Institute, 1997: 93-96.
37. Shine KI. Some imperatives for clinical research. JAMA. 1997;278;245-246.
38. Public Support for the Medical Education System. Washington, DC: Health Policy Alternatives, Inc. Report prepared for the Association of American Medical Colleges, Feb. 9, 1996 [unpublished].
39. Hubbard RG. Against dedicated funding. In: Barfield CE, Smith BLR (eds). The Future of Biomedical Research. Washington, DC:The American Enterprise Institute, 1997: 93-6.
40. Feusner J. Clinical research in the Department of Veterans Affairs: using research to improve patient outcomes. J Invest Med. 1998:46:264-267.
41. Gerbi S (chair). Report of FASEB Graduate Education Consensus Conference. Bethesda, MD: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1997.