Comparison of castile soap, benzalkonium chloride, and bacitracin as irrigation solutions for complex contaminated orthopaedic wounds

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 332-337

  Conroy, Brian P ^a   Anglen, Jeffrey O ^a,c   Simpson, W A ^a,b   Christensen, Gordon ^a,b   Phaup, Glen ^a   Yeager, Rodney ^a   Gainor, Barry J ^a  

^a University of Missouri   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c M562 Health Sciences Building ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Benzalkonium; Fracture; Irrigation; Soap; Wound

Indexed keywords

BACITRACIN; BENZALKONIUM; SOAP; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BACK; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFECT; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LAVAGE; METHODOLOGY; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; RANDOMIZATION; RAT; REFERENCE VALUE; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; SURGICAL INFECTION; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BACITRACIN; BENZALKONIUM COMPOUNDS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; IRRIGATION; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REFERENCE VALUES; SOAPS; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0033146594     PISSN: 08905339     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005131-199906000-00002     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Anglen JO, Apostoles PS, Christensen GD, Gainor BJ, Lane J. Surface bacterial removal by irrigation. J Orthop Res 1994;14:251-254.
2. Anglen JO, Apostoles S, Christensen G, Gainor BJ. The efficacy of various irrigation solutions in removing slime-producing Staphyloccoccus. J Orthop Trauma 1994;8:390-396.
3. Baird AN, Scruggs DW, Watkins JP, Taylor TS. Effect of antimicrobial solution lavage on the palmar digital tendon sheath in horses. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:1488-1494.
4. Bowers WR, Wilson FC, Greene WB. Antibiotic prophylaxis in experimental bone infections. J Bone Joint Surg 1973;55A: 795-807.
5. Chapman MW, Olson SA. Open fractures. In: Fractures in Adults, 4th ed., ed by Rockwood CA, Green DP, Bucholz RW, Heckman JD. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996, pp 347-348.
6. Cryz SJ, Pitt TL, Furer E, Germainier R. Role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immunol 1984; 44:508-513.
7. Dirschl DR, Wilson FC. Topical antibiotic irrigation in the prophylaxis of operative wound infections in orthopedic surgery. Orthop Clin North Am 1991;22:419-426.
8. Effendy I, Maibach HI. Detergent and skin irritation. Clin Dermatol 1996;14:15-21.
9. Friedman M, Wolf R. Chemistry of soaps and detergents: various types of commercial products and their ingredients. Clin Dermatol 1996;14:7-13.
10. Gainor GJ, Hockman DE, Anglen JO, Christensen G, Simpson WA. Benzalkonium chloride: a potential disinfecting irrigation solution. J Orthop Trauma 1997;11:121-125.
11. Glotzer DJ, Goodman WS, Germonimus LH. Topical prophylaxis in contaminated wounds. Arch Surg 1970;100:589-593.
12. Goldheim PD. An appraisal of povidone-iodine and wound healing. Postgrad Med J 1993;69(Suppl 3):S97-S105.
13. Gristina AG, Costerton JW. Bacterial adherence to biomaterials and tissue. J Bone Joint Surg 1985;67A:264-273.
14. Hamood AN, Griswold JA, Duhan CM. Production of extracellular virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from tracheal, urinary tract, and wound infections. J Surg Res 1996;61:425-432.
15. Howell JM, Dhindsa HS, Stair TO, Edwards BA. Effect of scrubbing and irrigation of staphylococcal and streptococcal counts in contaminated lacerations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37: 2754-2755.
16. MacMillian M, Petty W, Hendeles L. Effect of irrigation and tourniquet application on aminoglycoside antibiotic concentrations in bone. J Orthop Res 1988;6:31-316.
17. Mason ML. The surgical principles involved in the treatment of open injuries. West J Surg 1937;45:239-248.
18. McDonell KJ, Sculco TP. Dakin's solution revisited. Am J Orthop 1997;26:471-473.
19. Mitchell P, Powles R, Rege K, et al. Phenoxyethanol is effective topical therapy of gram-negative cellulitis in neutropenic patients. J Hosp Infect 1993;25:53-36.
20. Morrison RT, Boyd RN. Lipids: fats and steroids. In: Organic Chemistry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1992, pp 1119-1125.
21. Moussa FW, Gainor GJ, Anglen JO, Christensen G, Simpson WA. Disinfecting agents for removing adherent bacteria from orthopaedic hardware. Clin Orthop 1996;329:255-262.
22. Museru LM, Kumar A, Ickler P. Comparison of isotonic saline, distilled water and boiled water in irrigation of open fractures. Int Orthop 1989;19:179-180.
23. Nachamie BA, Siffert RS, Bryer MS. A study of neomycin instillation into orthopedic surgical wounds. JAMA 1968,204:687-689.
24. Oberg MS. Povidone-iodine solutions in traumatic wound preparation. Am J Emerg Med 1987;5:553-555.
25. Platt J, Bucknall RA. An experimental evaluation of antiseptic wound irrigation. J Hosp Infect 1984;5:181-188.
26. Richards RME, Cavill RH. Electron microscope study of effects of benzalkonium chloride and edetate disodium on cell envelope of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharm Sci 1976;65:76-80.
27. Richards RME, Cavill RH. Electron microscopic study of the effect of benzalkonium, chlorhexidine and polymyxin on Pseudomonas cepacia. Microbios 1980;29:23-31.
28. Richards RME, Mizrahi LM. Differences in antibacterial activity of benzalkonium chloride. J Pharm Sci 1978;67:380-383.
29. Rissing JP. Animal models of osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1990;4:377-390.
30. Rosenstein BD, Wilson FC, Funderburk CH. The use of bacitracin irrigation to prevent infection in postoperative skeletal wounds J Bone Joint Surg 1989;71A:427-430.
31. Roth RM, Gleckman RA, Gantz NM, Kelly N. Antibiotic irrigations: a plea for controlled clinical trials. Pharmacotherapv 1985;5: 222-227.
32. Routh BH, Bhowmik RK, Parish LC, Witkowski JA. Soaps: from the Phoenicians to the 20th century - a historical review Clin Dermatol 1996;14:3-6.
33. Tarbox BB, Conroy BP, Malicky ES, et al. Benzalkonium chloride: a potential disinfecting irrigation solution for orthopaedic wounds Clin Orthop 1998;346:255-261.
34. Witkowski JA, Parish LC. Wound cleansers. Clin Dermatol 1996; 14:89-93.