Cirrus detrainment-temperature feedback

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 26, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 1295-1298

  Chou, Chia ^a   Neelin, J David ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRROCUMULUS; CIRROSTRATUS; CIRRUS DETRAINMENT TEMPERATURE; CIRRUS FRACTION; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; CLOUD CLIMATE FEEDBACK; CLOUD TOP HEIGHTS; CLOUD-TOP TEMPERATURES; EMPIRICAL RELATIONS; ENSEMBLE BEHAVIOR; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; MOISTURE; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SOLAR RADIATION; TROPOSPHERE; FEEDBACK;

CLOUDS;

CIRRUS; CLIMATE FEEDBACK; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 0033134085     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900219     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Chen, J.-P., and D. Lamb, Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part I: description of the microphysical model, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2613-2630, 1994.
2. Cess, R. D., G. L. Potter, J. P. Blanchet, G. J. Boer, S. J. Ghan, J. T. Kiehl, H. L. TVeut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J. F. B. Mitchell, J.-J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, M. R. Riches, E. Roeckner, U. Schlese, A. Slingo, K. E. Taylor, \V. M. Washington, R. T. Wetherald, and I. Yagai, Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models, Science 245, 513-516, 1989.
3. Chou, C. and J. D. Neelin, Linearization of a longwave radiation scheme for intermediate tropical atmospheric models, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15129-15145, 1996.
4. Fu, Q., and K. N. Liou, Parameterization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sei., 50, 2008-2025, 1993.
5. Fu, R., A. D. DelGenio, W. B. Rossow, and W. T. Liu, Cirruscloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data, Nature 358, 394-397, 1992.
6. Hansen, J., A. Lacis, D. Rind, G. Russell, P. Stone, I. Fung, R. Ruedy, and J. Lerner, Climate Sensitivity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms, in Climate Process and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monograph 29, Maurice Ewing Series 5, edited by J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi 5, pp. 130-163, 1984.
7. Hartmann, D. L., and M. L. Michelsen, Large-scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature, J. Clim., 6, 2049-2062, 1993.
8. Heymsfield, A. J., Microphysical structures of stratiform and cirrus clouds, in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, edited by Peter V. Hobbs, pp. 97-121, Academic Press, 1993.
9. Heymsfield, A. J., and G. M. McFarquhar, High albedos of cirrus in the tropical Pacific warm pool: microphysical interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, J. Atmos. Sei., 53, 2424-2451, 1996.
10. Houze, R. A., Jr., Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large-scale heating. Quart. J. Roy. Afeteor. Soc, 115, 425-461, 1989.
11. Jensen, E. J., S. Kinne, and O. B. Toon., Tropical cirrus cloud radiative forcing: Sensitivity studies, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 101-113, 1994.
12. Jensen, E. J., O. B. Toon., L. Pfister, and H. B. Selkirk, Dehydration of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 825-828, 1996.
13. Kiehl, J. T., On the observed near cancellation between longwave and shortwave cloud forcing in tropical regions, J. Clim., 7, 559-565, 1994.
14. Liao, X., W. B. Rossow, and D. Rind, Comparison between SAGE II and ISCCP high-level clouds 1. Global and zonal mean cloud amounts, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1121-1135, 1995.
15. Liou, K.-N., Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: a global perspective, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 1167-1199, 1986.
16. Liou, K. N., J. L. Lee, S. C. Qu, Q. Fu, and Y. Takano, Ice cloud microphysics, radiative transfer and large-scale cloud processes, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 46, 41-50, 1991.
17. Machado, L. A. T., and W. B. Rossow, Structural characteristics and radiative properties of tropical cloud clusters, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 3234-3260, 1993.
18. McFarquhar G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: results from CEPEX, J. Atmos. Sei., 54, 2187-2200, 1997.
19. Meyers, M. P., P. J. Demott, and W. R. Cotton, New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 708-721, 1992.
20. Mitchell, J. F. B., and W. J. Ingram, Carbon dioxide and climate: mechanisms of changes in cloud, J. Clim., 5, 5-21, 1992.
21. Pfister, L., K. R. Chan, T. P. Bui, S. Bowen, M. Legg, B. Gary, K. Kelly, M. Proffitt, and W. Starr, Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program: a case study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8611-8638, 1993.
22. Pierrehumbert, R. T., and H. Yang, Global chaotic mixing on isentropic surface, J. Atmos. Sei., 50, 2462-2480, 1993.
23. Pierrehumbert, R. T., Thermostats, radiator fins and the local runaway greenhouse. J. Atmos. Sei., 52, 1784-1806, 1995.
24. Pierrehumbert, R. T., Latéral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 151-154, 1998.
25. Platt, C. M. R., The effect of cirrus of varying optical depth on the extraterrestrial net radiative flux, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 671-678, 1981.
26. Prabhakara, C., D. P. Kratz, J.-M. Yoo, G. Dalu, and A. Vernekar, Optically thin cirrus clouds: Radiati%-e impact on the warm pool, J. Quant. Spectr. Rad. Trans. 49, 467-483, 1993.
27. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmad, and D. Hartmann, Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: results from the earth radiation budget experiment, Science 243, 57-63, 1989.
28. Ramanathan, V., and W. Collins, Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino, Nature 351, 27-32, 1991.
29. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, ISCCP cloud data products, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Sei., 72, 2-20, 1991.
30. Slingo, J. M., The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 899-927, 1987.
31. Stephens, G. L., and P. J. Webster, Clouds and climate: sensitivity of simple systems, J. Atmos. Sei., 38, 235-247, 1981.
32. Stephens, G. L., S. Tsay, P. W. Stackhouse Jr., and P. J. Flatau, The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climate feedback, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1742-1753, 1990.
33. Wallace, J. M., Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature, Nature 357, 230-231, 1992.
34. Wetherald, R. T., and S. Manabe, Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model, J. Atznos. Sei., 45, 1397-1415,1988.
35. Woodbury, G. E., andM. P. McCormick, Zonal and Geographical distribution of cirrusclouds determined from SAGE II data, J. .Geophys. Res., 91, 2775-2785, 1986.
36. Wylie, D. P., W. P. Menzel, H. M. Woolf, and K. I. Strabala, Four years of Global cirrus cloud statistics using HIRS, J. Clim., 7, 1972-1986, 1994.