Endocrine/Paracrine Control of Pituitary Cell Proliferation and its Involvement in Pituitary Tumorigenesis

Pituitary

Volumn 1, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 251-256

  Pawlikowski, Marek ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF LODZ   (Poland)

Author keywords

Angiotensins; Cell proliferation; Dopamine; Estrogens; Growth factors; Interleukins; Neuropeptides; Pituitary adenomas; Pituitary gland

Indexed keywords

AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS; ANGIOTENSIN DERIVATIVE; ESTROGEN; GROWTH PROMOTOR; HYPOPHYSIS HORMONE; INTERLEUKIN DERIVATIVE; NEUROPEPTIDE;

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS; CELL DIVISION; CYTOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS TUMOR; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSINS; CELL DIVISION; ESTROGENS; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; INTERLEUKINS; NEUROPEPTIDES; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR; PITUITARY HORMONES; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0033123212     PISSN: 1386341X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1009998207652     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Zondek B. Tumor of the pituitary induced with follicular hormone. Anat Rec 1936;125:65-69.
2. Mietkiewski K. The influence of estrogens on hypophysis and genital system of the rat. Folia Morph 1959;10:9-27.
3. Lloyd RV. Estrogen-induced hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat anterior pituitary gland: An immunohistochemical study. J Pathol 1983;113:198-206.
4. Wiklund J, Wertz N, Gorski J. A comparison of estrogen effects on uterine and pituitary growth and prolactin synthesis in Fisher 344 and Holtzman rats. Endocrinology 1981; 109:1700-1707.
5. Friend KE, Chou YK, Lopes MBS, Laws ER Jr, Hughes KM, Shupnik MA. Estrogen receptor expression in human pituitary: correlation with immunohistochemistry in normal tissue and immunohistochemistry and morphology in macroadenomas. J Clin Endocr Metab 1994;78:1497-1504.
6. Michels KM, Lee WH, Seltzer A, Saavedra JM, Bondy CA. Up-regulation of of pituitary 125-I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) binding and IGF-I binding protein-2 and IGF-I gene expression by estrogen. Endocrinology 1993;132:23-29.
7. Schechter J, Weiner R. Changes in basic fibroblast growth factors coincident with estradiol-induced hyperplasia of the anterior pituitaries of Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocrinology 1991;129:2400-2408.
8. Banarjee SK, Sarkar DK, Weston AP, De A, Campbell DR. Over expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor during the development of estrogen-induced rat pituiatry tumors may mediate estrogen-initiated tumor angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1997;18:1155-1161.
9. Elias KA, Weiner RI. Direct arterial vascularization of estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting anterior pituitary tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:4549-4553.
10. Morgan WW, Steger RW, Smith MS, Bartke A, Sweeney CA. Time course of induction of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors with diethylstilbestrol in male rats: Response of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. Endocrinology 1985;116:17-24.
11. Kunapuli SP, Benedict CR, Kunar A. Tissue specific hormonal regulation of rat angiotensinogen gene expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987;254:642-646.
12. Healy DP, Ming-Qi Y, Long-Xing Y, Schachter BS. Stimulation of angiotensinogen mRNA levels in rat pituitary by estradiol. Am J Physiol 1992;263:E355-E361.
13. Peillon F, Vila-Porcile E, Olivier L, Racadot J. L'action des oestrogenes sur les adenomes hypophysaires chez l'homme. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 1974;31:259-270.
14. Bevan J, Sussman J, Roberts A, Hourihan M, Peters J. Development of an invasive macroprolactinoma: A possible consequence of prolonged oestrogen replacement. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:1440-1443.
15. Garcia MM, Kapcala LP. Growth of a microprolactinoma to a macroprolactinoma durign estrogen therapy. J Endocrinol Incvest 1995;18:450-455.
16. Jaffrain-Rea ML, Petrangeli E, Ortolani F, Fraioli B, Lise A, Esposito V, Spagnoli LC, Tamburrano G, Frati L, Gulino A. Cellular receptors for sex steriods in human pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol 1996;151:175-184.
17. Bricaire C, Kerlan V, Kuttenen F, Mauvais-Jarvis P. La grossesse: une modalite de guerison des adneomas a prolactine? Presse Med 1988;17:2117-2119.
18. Mornex R, Hughues B. Hyperprolactinemie et grossesse. Rev Fr Endocrinol Clin 1989;30:339-343.
19. Trouillas J, Morel Y, Pharaboz MO, Cordier G, Girod C, Andre J. Morphofunctional modifications associated with the inhibition by estradiol of MtTF4 rat pituitary tumor growth. Cancer Res 1984;44:4046-4052.
20. Kontogeorgos G, Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW. Growth factors in the pituitary gland. Endocrine Pathol 1994;5:1-3.
21. Lubke D, Saeger W, Ludecke DK. Proliferation markers and EGF in ACTH-secreting adenomas and carcinomas of the pituitary. Endocrine Pathol 1995;6:45-55.
22. Ezzat S, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Smyth HS, Singer W, Asa SL. Basic fibroblast growth factor expression by two prolactin and thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenomas. Endocrine Pathol 1995;6:125-134.
23. Chaidrun SS, Eggo MC, Sheppard MC, Stewart PM. Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), its receptor, and related oncoprotein (erbB-2) in human pituitary tumors and response to EGF in vitro. Endocrinology 1994;135:2012-2021.
24. Silverlight JJ, Prysor-Jones RA, Jenkins JS. Basic fibroblast growth factor in human pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol 1990;32:669-676.
25. Webster J, Ham J, Bevan JS, Scanlon MF. Preliminary characterization of growth factors secreted by human pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:687-692.
26. Gil del Alamo P, Reza Elahi F, Lania A, Nicola GC, Spada A. The possible role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of human PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Investr 1993;16(suppl 1 to no 8)OP 15.
27. Kunert-Radek J, Pawlikowski M. The effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland of thyroidectomized rats. Neuroendocrinology 1975;17:92-95.
28. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J. Investigations upon adenohypophysial cell proliferation in vitro. Endocrinol Exper 1975;9:135-140.
29. Pawlikowski M, Stepien H, Kunert-Radek J. Thyroxine inhibition of the proliferative response of the anterior pituitary to thyrotropin releasing hormone in vitro. Neuroendocrinology 1975;18:277-280.
30. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Stepien H. Somatostatin inhibits the mitogenic effect of thyroliberin. Experientia 1978;34:271-272.
31. Pawlikowski M, Slowinska-Klencka D. Effects of TRH and TRH-like peptides on the anterior pituitary cell proliferation in rats. Cytobios 1994;79:117-122.
32. Pawelczyk T, Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J. Effects of TRH, prolactin and TSH on cell proliferation in the inermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. J Endocrinol 1996;148: 193-196.
33. Komolov IS, Fedotov VP, Rappay D, Fazekas I, Gudashnikov VI, Becsy E. DNA synthesis in lactotrophs of primary rat anterior pituitary cell culture - Effects of thyroliberin, bromocriptine and somatostatin. Histochemistry 1985;83: 497-500.
34. Ramsdall JS. Thyrotropin releasing hormone inhibits GH4 pituitary cell proliferation by blocking entry to the S phase. Endocrinology 1990;126:472-479.
35. Senogles SE. The dopamine receptor mediates inhibition of growth in GH4ZR7 cells: Involvement of protein kinase C. Endocrinology 1994;134:783-789.
36. Le Dafniet M, Pagesy P, Brandt AM, Racadot J, Peillon F. Correlation between number of thyroliberin binding sites, the tumor size and the plasma PRL level in human PRL-secreting adenomas. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh) 1985;108:464-467.
37. Le Dafniet M, Blumber-Tick J, Gozlan H, Barret A, Joubert D, Peillon F. Altered balance between throtropin relasing hormone (TRH) and dopamine in prolactinomas and other pituitary tumors compared to normal pituitaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:267-271.
38. Billestrup N, Swanson LW, Vale W. Growth hormone relasing factor stimulates proliferation in somatotrophs in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83:6854-6857.
39. Mayo KE, Hammer RE, Swanson LW, Brinster RL, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM. Dramatic pituitary hyperplasia in mice expressing a human growth hormone releasing hormone. Mol Endocrinol 1988;2:606-612.
40. Zimmerman D, Young WF, Ebersold MJ, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Withaker MD, Eberhardt NL, Downs TR, Frohman LA. Congenital gigantism due to growth hormone releasing hormone excess and pituitary hyperplasia with adenomatous transformation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:216-222.
41. Joubert Bression D, Benlot C, Lagoguey A, Garnier P, Bradbi AM, Gautron JP, Legrand JC, Peillon F. Normal and growth hormone-secreting adenomatous human pituitaries release somatostatin and GH releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;68:572-577.
42. Thapar K, Kovacs K, Stefaneanu L, Scheithauer B, Killinger DW, Lloyd RV, Smyth HS, Barr A, Thorner MO, Gaylinn B, Laws ER. Overexpression of growth hormone releasing hormone gene in acromegaly-associated pituitary tumors. Am J Pathol 1997;151:769-784.
43. Adams EF, Law H, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R, Lightman S, Levy A. Presence of GHRH mRNA in human pituitary somatotrophinomas and itd relationship to in vitro effect of a GHRH antagonist on GH secretion and cAMP production. Pituitary 1998;1:7-12.
44. McNicol MA, Kubba MA, McTeague E. The mitogenic effects of corticotropin releasing factor on the anterior pituitary gland of the rat. J Endocrinol 1988;118:237-241
45. Childs GV, Rougeau D, Unabia G. Corticotropin releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor: Mitogens for anterior pituitary corticotropes. Endocrinology 1995;136:1595-1602.
46. Van Wijk PA, van Neck JW, Rijnberk A, Croughs RJM, Mol JA. Proliferation of the murine corticotropic tumor line AtT20 is affected by hypophysiotrophic hormones, growth factors and glucocorticoids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995;11: 13-19.
47. Van Wijk PA, Rijnberk A, Croughs RJM, Meij BP, Mol JA. Effects of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, vasopressin and insulin-like growth factor on proliferation of and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion by canine corticotrophic adenoma cells in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1998;138: 309-315.
48. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Mroz-Wasilewska Z, Stepien H. The influence of LHRH on the anterior pituitary mitotic activity. Endokr Pol 1978;29:1-6.
49. Sakai T, Inoue K, Hasegawa Y, Kurosumi K. Effect of passive immunization to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) using GnRH antiserum on the mitotic activity of gonadotrophs in castrated male rats. Endocrinology 1988; 122:2803-2808.
50. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Grochal M, Zielinski K, Kulig A. The effect of somatostatin analog octreotide on diethylstilboestrol-induced prolactin secretion, cell proliferation and vascular changes in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Histol Histopathol 1997;12:991-994.
51. Renner U, Mojto J, Lange M, Muller OA, von Werder K, Stalla GK. Effect of bromocriptine and SMS 201-995 on growth of human somatotrophic and non-functioning adenoma cells in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:80-91.
52. Pawlikowski M, Lachowicz L, Kunert-Radek J, Winczyk K, Janiszewska G, Szkudlarek J. Differential effects of somatostatin and its analog on protein tyrosine kinases activity in the rat pituitary and the murine colonic tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;246:375-377.
53. Srikant CB. Cell cycle dependent induction of apoptosis by somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in AtT-20 mouse pituitary cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;209:400-406.
54. Lloyd HM, Meares JD, Jacobi J. Effect of oestrogen and bromocriptine on in vivo secretion and mitosis in prolactin cells. Nature 1975;255:497-498.
55. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J. Effects of estradiol and apomorphine on the anterior pituitary cell proliferation in ovariectomized female rats. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1980;2: 229-234.
56. Pisarek H, Stepien H. The effect of mesulergine on prolactin secretion and anterior pituitary cells morphology in diethylstilbestrol-treated rats. Histol Histopathol 1992;7:111-117.
57. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Stepien H. Direct antiproliferative effects of dopamine agonists on the anterior pituitary gland in organ culture. J Endocrinol 1978;79:245-246.
58. Johansen PW, Haug E, Gautvik KM. Effects of bromocriptine on hormone production and cell growth in cultured rat pituitary cells. Acta Endocrinol 1985;110:200-206.
59. Rychter J, Stepien H. Effects of pimozide and bromocriptine on the proliferation of rat pituitary pars intermedia cells. J Endocrinol 1977;75:443-444.
60. Stepien H, Wolaniuk A, Pawlikowski M. Effects of pimozide and bromocriptine on anterior pituitary cell proliferation. J Neural Trans 1978;42:239-244.
61. Kalbermann LE, Szijan I, Burdman JA. Cell proliferation in the rat pituitary gland: A mechanism of control in prolactin cells. Experientia 1979;35:689-690.
62. Lewinski A, Konopacki J, Pawlikowski M, Lewinska MK, Smith NKR, Reiter RJ. Effects of intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on anterior pituitary cell proliferation. Anat Rec 1984;208:421-426.
63. Arzt E, Buric R, Stelzer G, Stalla J, Sauer J, Renner U, Stalla GK. Interleukin involvement in anterior pituitary cell proliferation: effects of IL-2 and IL-6. Endocrinology 1993; 132:459-467.
64. Kunert-Radek J, Radek A, Stepien H. Interleukin-2 stimulates cell proliferation of the growth hormone producing human pituitary adenoma in vitro. Biomedical Lett 1994;49: 259-264.
65. Kunert-Radek J, Pawlikowski M, Stepien H, Radek A. The effects of interleukins on pituitary tumors cell proliferation in vitro. Ann Endocrinol 1997;58(suppl 1):IS88.
66. Arzt E, Sauer J, Buric R, Stalla J, Renner U, Stalk GK. Characterization of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression and action of IL-2 and IL-6 on normal anterior pituitary cell growth. Endocrine 1995;3:113-119.
67. Stefana B, Ray DW, Melmed S. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces differentiation of pituitary corticotroph function: An immuno-neuroendocrine phenotypic switch. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:12502-12506.
68. Haulica I, Branisteanu DD, Rosca V, Stratone A, Berbeleu V, Balan G. A renin-like activity in pineal gland and hypophysis. Endocrinology 1975;96:508-510.
69. Saavedra JM. Brain and pituitary angiotensin. Endocr Rev 1992;13:329-380.
70. Sernia C, Zeng T, Kerr D, Wyse B. Novel perspectives on pituitary and brain angiotensinogen. Front Neuroendocrinol 1997;18:174-208.
71. Kunert-Radek J, Pawlikowski M. Angiotensin II stimulation of the rat pituitary tumoral cell proliferation in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;183:27-30.
72. Shinkai T, Ooka H. Effect of angiotensin II on the proliferation of mammotrophs from the adult rat anterior pituitary in culture. Peptides 1995;16:25-29.
73. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J. Angiotensin IV stimulates the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;232:292-293.
74. Mucha S, Stepien H, Lachowicz-Ochedalska A, Pawlikowski M. The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the rat pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1993;15:369-376.
75. Pawlikowski M, Mucha S, Kunert-Radek J, Stepien H, Pisarek H, Stawowy A. Is estrogen-induced pituitary hyperplasia and hyperprolactinaemia mediated by angiotensin II? In: Mukhopadyay AK, Raizada MK, eds. Current Concepts: Tissue Renin angiotensin Systems As Local Regulators in Reproductive and Endocrine Organs. New York: Plenum Press, 1995;371-378
76. Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Stepien H, Radek A. Effects of angiotensin II on proliferation of estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumor and human prolactinoma cells in vitro. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1994;16:103-109.
77. Saint-Andre JP, Rohmer V, Alhenc-Gelas F, Menard J, Bigorgne JC, Corvol P. Presence of renin, angiotensinogen and converting enzyme in human pituitary lactrotrope cells and prolactin adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63: 231-237.
78. Herman V, Fagin J, Gonsky R, Kovacs K, Malmed S. Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1427-1433.
79. Herman V, Drazin NZ, Gonsky R, Melmed S. Molecular screening of pituitary adenomas for gene mutations and rearrangements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:50-55.
80. Herman-Bonert V, Fagin JA. Molecular pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. Bailliere Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;9: 203-223.