Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for treatment of refractory angina pectoris

Bailliere's Best Practice in Clinical Anaesthesiology

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 83-99

  Blomberg, Sture G ^a   Svorkdal, Nelson ^b  

^a SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Serotonin; Thoracic epidural anesthesia; Thromboxane A2; Unstable angina; Vasoconstriction; adrenoceptors

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; NITRATE;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ANATOMY; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTERY INTIMA PROLIFERATION; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPLICATION; DEVICE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; IMPLANTATION; INFLAMMATION; INJECTION; ISCHEMIA; LONG TERM CARE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF CARE; STENOSIS; THORAX EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOSIS; TISSUE INJURY;

EID: 0033117127     PISSN: 15216896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/bean.1999.0009     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Ashton JH, Golino P, McNatt JM et al (1989) Serotonin S2 and thromboxane A2-prostaglandin H2 receptor blockade provide protection against epinephrine-induced cyclic flow variations in severely narrowed canine coronary arteries. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 13: 755-763.
2. Aviram M (1989) Platelet secretory products enhance LDL receptor activity and inhibit scavenger receptor activity in human monocyte derived macrophages. Metabolism 38(5): 425-430.
3. Aviram M, Fuhrman B, Maor I et al (1992) Serotonin increases macrophage uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein. European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 30(2): 55-61.
4. BAnerjee A, Locke Winter C, Rogers KB et al (1993) Preconditioning against myocardial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion by an alpha I-adrenergic mechanism. Circulation Research 73(4): 656-670.
5. Bassenge E & Zanzinger J (1992) Nitrates in different vascular beds, nitrate tolerance, and interactions with endothelial function. American Journal of Cardiology 70(8): 23B-29B.
6. van der Berg EK (1989) Transcardiac serotonin concentration is increased in selected patients with limiting angina and complex coronary lesion morphology. Circulation 49: 116-124.
7. Blomberg S (1994) Long-term home self-treatment with high thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients with severe coronary artery disease. Anesthesia and Analgesia 79: 413-421.
8. Blomberg S & Ricksten S-E (1988a) Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in conscious and anaesthetized rats. Effects on central haemodynamics compared to cardiac beta adrenoceptor and ganglionic blockade. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 32: 166-172.
9. Blomberg S & Ricksten S-E (1988b) Thoracic epidural anaesthesia decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia in the anaesthetized rat. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 32: 173-178.
10. Blomberg S & Ricksten S-E (1990) Effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on central haemodynamics compared to cardiac beta adrenoceptor blockade in conscious rats with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 34: 1-7.
11. Blomberg S, Curelaru I, Emanuelsson H et al (1989a) Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in patients with unstable angina pectoris. European Heart Journal 10: 437-444.
12. Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H, Kvist H et al (1989b) Thoracic epidural anesthesia and central hemodynamics in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Anesthesia and Analgesia 69: 558-562.
13. Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H, Ricksten S-E et al (1990) Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on coronary arteries and arterioles in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology 73: 840-847.
14. Braunwald E, Jones RH, Maik DB et al (1994) Diagnosing and managing unstable angina. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Circulation 90(1): 613-622.
15. Brown BG, Bolson EL, Dodge HT et al (1984a) Dynamic mechanisms in human coronary stenosis. Circulation 70(6): 917-922.
16. Brown BG, Lee AB, Bolson EL et al (1984b) Reflex constriction of significant coronary stenosis as a mechanism contributing to ischemic left ventricular dysfunction during isometric exercise. Circulation 70(1): 18-24.
17. Cairns JA, Singer J, Gent M et al (1988) Coronary care unit utilization in Hamilton, Ontario, a city of 375,000 people. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 4(1): 25-32.
18. Cairns JA, Singer J, Gent M et al (1989) One year mortality outcomes of all coronary and intensive care unit patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina or other chest pain in Hamilton, Ontario, a city of 375,000 people. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 5(5): 239-246.
19. Chierchia S, Lazzari M, Simonetti I et al (1980) Hemodynamic monitoring in angina at rest. Herz 5: 189-198.
20. Chierchia S, Davies G, Berkenboom G et al (1984) Alpha-adrenergic receptors and coronary spasm: An elusive link. Circulation 69(1): 8-14.
21. de Cicco M, Matovic M, Castellani GT et al (1995) Time-dependent efficacy of bacterial filters and infection risk in long-term epidural catheterization. Anesthesiology 82(3): 765-771.
22. Cleveland JCJ, Wollmering MM, Meldrum DR et al (1996) Ischemic preconditioning in human and rat ventricle. American Journal of Physiology 271(5 part 2): H1786-H1794.
23. Cohen MV & Downey JM (1996) Myocardial preconditioning promises to be a novel approach to the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Annual Revue of Medicine 47: 21-29.
24. Cohen RA (1985) Platelet-induced neurogenic coronary contractions due to the accumulation of the false transmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine. Journal of Clinical Investigation 75: 286-292.
25. Cohen RA, Zitnay KM & Weisbrod RH (1987) Accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine leads to dysfunction of adrenergic nerves in canine coronary artery following intimal damage in vivo. Circulation Research 61: 829-833.
26. Cohen M, Adams PC, Parry G et al (1994) Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group. Circulation 89(1): 81-88.
27. Davis R, De Boer LWV, Maroko PR et al (1986) Thoracic epidural anesthesia reduces myocardial infarct size after coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Anesthesia and Analgesia 65: 711-717.
28. Feigl E (1983) Coronary physiology. Physiological Reviews 63: 1-205.
29. Feldman JM, Chapin-Robertson K, Turner J et al (1994) Do agents used for epidural analgesia have anti-microbial properties? Regional Anesthesia 19(1): 43-47.
30. Folts J (1991) An in vivo model of experimental arterial stenosis, intimal damage, and periodic thrombosis. Circulation 83 (supplement IV): IV-3-IV-14.
31. Folts JD & Rowe GG (1988) Epinephrine potentiation of in vivo stimuli reverses aspirin inhibition of platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries. Thrombosis Research 50(4): 507-516.
32. Gage J, Hess O, Muramaki T et al (1986) Vasoconstriction of stenotic coronary arteries during dynamic exercise in patients with classic angina pectoris: Reversibility by nitroglycerin. Circulation 5: 865-876.
33. Gewirtz H, Most A & Williams D (1982) The effect of generalized alpha-receptor stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis. Circulation 65: 1329-1336.
34. Golino P, Ashton JH, Glas-Greenwalt P et al (1988) Mediation of reocclusion by thromboxane A2 and serotonin after thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine preparation of coronary thrombosis. Circulation 77(3): 678-684.
35. Golino P, Ashton JH, McNatt J et al (1989) Simultaneous administration of thromboxane A2- And serotonin S2-receptor antagonists markedly enhances thrombolysis and prevents or delays reocclusion after tissue-type plasminogen activator in a canine model of coronary thrombosis. Circulation 79: 911-919.
36. Golino P & Chiariello M (1991) New approaches to the prevention of thrombotic restenosis after angioplasty or thrombolysis. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 17 (supplement 5): S41-S47.
37. Golino P, Piscione F, Willerson JT et al (1991) Divergent effects of serotonin on coronary-artery dimensions and blood flow in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and control patients. New England Journal of Medicine 324(10): 641-648.
38. Gottlieb SO, Weisfeldt ML, Quyang P et al (1986) Silent ischemia as a marker for early unfavorable outcomes in patients with unstable angina. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 1214-1219.
39. Grambow Dw & Topol EJ (1992) Effect of maximal medical therapy on refractoriness of unstable angina pectoris. American Journal of Cardiology 70(6): 577-581.
40. Gramling-Babb P, Miller MJ, Reeves ST et al (1997) Treatment of medically and surgically refractory angina pectoris with high thoracic epidural analgesia: Initial clinical experience. American Heart Journal 133(6): 648-655.
41. Hale Sl & Kloner RA (1994) Protection of myocardium by transient, preischemic administration of phenylephrine in the rabbit. Coronary Artery Disease 5(7): 605-610.
42. Hardebo JE (1994) How cluster headache is explained as an intracavernous inflammatory process lesioning sympathetic fibers. Headache 34(3): 125-131.
43. Harrison Dg & Bates JN (1993) The nitrovasodilators. New ideas about old drugs. Circulation 87(5): 1461-1467.
44. Henny C, Odoom J, Ten Cate H et al (1986) Effects of extradural bupivacaine on the haemostatic system. British Journal of Anaesthesia 58: 301-305.
45. Heusch G & Deussen A (1983) The effects of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation on perfusion of stenotic coronary arteries in the dog. Circulation Research 53: 8-15.
46. Heusch G, Deussen A & Thamer V (1985) Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and progressive vasoconstriction distal to coronary stenoses: Feed-back aggravation of myocardial ischemia. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 13: 311-326.
47. Higgins TL, Estafanous FG, Loop FD et al (1992) Stratification of morbidity and mortality outcome by preoperative risk factors in coronary artery bypass patients. A clinical severity score. Journal of the American Medical Association 267(17): 2344-2348 (see comments); 268(14): 1860 (erratum).
48. Hu K & Nattel S (1995) Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in rat hearts. Involvement of alpha 1B-adrenoceptors, pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, and protein kinase C. Circulation 92(8): 2259-2265.
49. Johannsen U, Mark A, Marcus M et al (1982) Responsiveness to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation during maximal coronary dilation produced by adenosine. Circulation Research 50: 510-517.
50. Jonnesco T (1921) Traitement chirurgical de l'angine de poitrine par la résection du sympathique cervicothoracique. Presse Medicale 29: 193-194.
51. Kaul TK, Fields BL, Wyatt DA et al (1995) Reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery: Early and late results and management in 1300 patients. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (Torino) 36(4): 303-312.
52. Kawahara J, Sano H, Fukuzaki H et al (1989) Acute effects of exposure to cold on blood pressure, platelet function and sympathetic nervous activity in humans. American Journal of Hypertension 2(9): 724-726.
53. Kawasaki H, Urabe M & TakasaKi K (1989) Presynaptic a2-adrenoceptor modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline release from vascular adrenergic nerves. European Journal of Pharmacology 164: 35-43.
54. Kennedy HL, Seiler SM, Sprague MK et al (1990) Relation of silent myocardial ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting to angiographic completeness of revascularization and long-term prognosis. American Journal of Cardiology 65(1): 14-22.
55. Klassen G, Bramwell R, Bromage PR et al (1980) Effect of acute sympathectomy by epidural anesthesia on the canine coronary circulation. Anesthesiology 52: 8-15.
56. Klein W, Buchwald A, Hillis SE et al (1997) Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. Fragmin in unstable coronary artery disease study (FRIC). Circulation 96(1): 61-68 (see comments); (1998) Circulation 97(4): 413 (erratum).
57. Klein W, Buchwald A, Hillis SE et al (1997) Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. Fragmin in unstable coronary artery disease study (FRIC). Circulation 96(1): 61-68 (seecomments); (1998) Circulation 97(4): 413 (erratum).
58. Kock M, Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H et al (1990) Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves global and regional left ventricular function during stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesia and Analgesia 71: 625-630.
59. Langer A, Freeman MR & Armstrong PW (1989) ST segment shift in unstable angina: Pathophysiology and association with coronary anatomy and hospital outcome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 13(7): 1495-1502.
60. Leeman DE, McCabe CH, Faxon DP et al (1988) Use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery despite improved medical therapy for unstable angina pectoris. American Journal of Cardiology 61(14): 38G-44G.
61. Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG et al (1983) Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a veterans administration cooperative study. New England Journal of Medicine 309(7): 396-403.
62. Luscher TF (1991) Endothelium-derived nitric oxide: The endogenous nitrovasodilator in the human cardiovascular system. European Heart Journal 12 (supplement E): 2-11.
63. Luscher TF & Vanhoutte PM (1988) Are there interactions between S-2-serotonergic and alpha-1-adrenergic receptors in isolated canine arteries? Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology II (supplement I): 516-521.
64. Malliani A, Schwartz P & Zanchetti A (1969a) Reflex activity of single preganglionic sympathetic fibers during coronary occlusion. Experientia 25: 152-153.
65. Malliani A, Schwartz P & Zanchetti A (1969b) A sympathetic reflex elicited by experimental coronary occlusion. American Journal of Physiology 217: 703-709.
66. Maseri A, Crea F & Cianflone D (1992) Myocardial ischemia caused by distal coronary vasoconstriction. American Journal of Cardiology 70: 1602-1605.
67. Maseri A, L'AbbAte A, Baroldi G et al (1978) Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of 'preinfarction' angina. New England Journal of Medicine 299(23): 1271-1277.
68. 3H]noradrenaline kinetics in ischaemic heart disease: Contrast between unstable anginal syndromes and pacing induced ischaemia. British Heart Journal 61: 238-247.
69. McFadden EP, Clarke JG, Davies GJ et al (1991) Effect of intracoronary serotonin on coronary vessels in patients with stable angina and patients with variant angina. New England Journal of Medicine 324(10): 648-654.
70. Mitchell MB, Winter CB & Locke Winter CR (1993) Cardiac preconditioning does not require myocardial stunning. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 55(2): 395-400.
71. Mitchell MB, Meng X, Ao L et al (1995) Preconditioning of isolated rat heart is mediated by protein kinase C. Circulation Research 76(1): 73-81.
72. Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Tagawa H et al (1995) Augmentation of coronary responsiveness to serotonin at the site of x-ray-induced intimal thickening in miniature pigs. Cardiovascular Research 30(2): 246-254.
73. Modig J, Borg T, Karlström G et al (1983) Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: Role of epidural and general anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 62: 174-180.
74. Mohrman D & Feigl E (1978) Competition between sympathetic vasoconstriction and metabolic vasodilation in the canine coronary circulation. Circulation Research 42: 79-86.
75. Mudge GH Jr, Grossman W, Mills RM et al (1976) Reflex increase in coronary vascular resistance in patients with ischemic heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine 295(24): 1333-1337.
76. Nabel E, Ganz P, Gordon JB et al (1988) Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test. Circulation 77: 43-52.
77. Nademanee K, Intarachot V, Josephson MA et al (1987) Prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with unstable angina. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 10(1): 1-9.
78. Nemecek GM, Coughlin SR, Handley DA et al (1986) Stimulation of aortic smooth muscle cell mitogenesis by serotonin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 83: 674-678.
79. Neri Serneri GG, Gensini GF, Poggesi L et al (1990) Effect of heparin, aspirin, or alteplase in reduction of myocardial ischaemia in refractory unstable angina. Lancet 335(8690): 615-618; 335 (8693): 868 (erratum).
80. Neri Serneri Gg & Boddi M (1993) Silent ischemia in unstable angina is related to an altered cardiac norepinephrine handling. Circulation 87: 1928-1937.
81. Olausson K, Magnusdottir H, Lurje L et al ( 1997) Anti-ischemic and anti-anginal effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia versus those of conventional medical therapy in the treatment of severe refractory unstable angina pectoris. Circulation 96: 2178-2182.
82. Oler A, Whooley MA, Oler J et al (1996) Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 276(10): 811-815 (see comments).
83. Poorter RL, Lauw FN, Berndman WA et al (1996) Complications of an implantable venous access device (port-a-cath) during intermittent continuous infusion of chemotherapy. European Journal of Cancer 32A(13): 2262-2266.
84. Rehring TF, Bender PR, Cairns CB et al (1997) Different preconditioning stimuli invoke disparate electro-mechanical and energetic responses to global ischemia in rat hearts. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 75(4): 335-342.
85. Ridker PM, CushMan M, Stampfer MJ et al (1997) Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. New England Journal of Medicine 336(14): 973-979 (see comments); 337(5): 356 (erratum).
86. Roach GW, Kanchuger M, Mangano CM et al (1996) Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation investigators. New England Journal of Medicine 335(25): 1857-1863 (see comments).
87. Robertson JI (1991) Serotonergic type-2 (5-HT2) antagonists: A novel class of cardiovascular drugs. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology S48-S53.
88. Romeo F, Rosano GM, Martuscelli E et al (1995) Effectiveness of prolonged low dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for refractory unstable angina. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 25: 1295-1299.
89. Seuwen K & Pouysségur J (1990) Serotonin as a growth factor. Biochemical Pharmacology 39(6): 985-990.
90. Theroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J et al (1988) Aspirin, heparin or both to treat acute unstable angina? New England Journal of Medicine 319: 1105-1111.
91. Torramade JR, Cienfuegos JA, Hernandez JL et al (1993) The complications of central venous access systems: A study of 218 patients. European Journal of Surgery 159(6-7): 323-327.
92. Tosaki A, Behjet NS, Engelman DT et al (1995) Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist-induced preconditioning in isolated working rat hearts. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 273(2): 689-694.
93. Tsuchida A, Liu Y, Liu GS et al (1994) Alpha 1-adrenergic agonists precondition rabbit ischemic myocardium independent of adenosine by direct activation of protein kinase C. Circulation Research 75(3): 576-585.
94. Vik-Mo H, Ottesen S, Renck H et al (1978) Cardiac effects of thoracic epidural analgesia before and during acute coronary artery occlusion in open-chest dogs. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigations 38: 737-746.
95. Vlahakes GJ, Baer RB, Uhlig PN et al (1982) Adrenergic influence in the coronary circulation of conscious dogs during maximal vasodilation with adenosine. Circulation Research 51: 371-384.
96. Wattwil M, Sundberg A, Arvill A et al (1985) Circulatory changes during high thoracic epidural anaesthesia - Influence of sympathetic block and of systemic effect of the local anaesthetic. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 29: 849-855.
97. Willerson JT, Eidt JF, McNatt J et al (1991) Role of thromboxane and serotonin as mediators in the development of spontaneous alterations in coronary blood flow and neointimal proliferation in canine models with chronic coronary artery stenoses and endothelial injury. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17: 101B-110B.
98. Willich S, Pohjola-Sitonen S, Bhatia S et al (1989) Suppression of silent ischaemia by metoprolol without alteration of morning increase in platelet aggregability in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 79: 557-565.
99. Wines PA & Schmitz JM (1989) Augmented vasoconstrictor responses to serotonin precede development of atherosclerosis in aorta of WHHL rabbit. Arteriosclerosis 9: 195-202.
100. Woodman OL (1989) Enhanced coronary vasoconstrictor responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the presence of a coronary artery stenosis in the anaesthetized dogs. British Journal of Pharmacology 100: 153-157.