The framingham offspring study: A commentary

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1136-1140

  Swan, H J C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; CARDIOLOGY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; HISTORY; HUMAN; PREVALENCE; UNITED STATES;

CARDIOLOGY; CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY DISEASE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MASSACHUSETTS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 0033110792     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00089-3     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Dawber TR. The Framingham Study: the epidemiology of atherosclerotic disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980, 14-29.
2. Unlocking the Heart's Secrets. US News and World Report, September 7, 1998;125:56-99.
3. Random House Webster College Dictionary. Random House: NY, 1992.
4. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease-Six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1961;55:33-50.
5. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins and the risk for coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1971;74:1-11.
6. Kannel WB, McGee DL, Gordon T. A general cardiovascular risk profile: The Framingham Study. Amer J Cardiol 1976;38:46-51.
7. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease - the Framingham Study. Am J Med 1977;62:707-14.
8. Wilson PWF, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP, Feinleib M, Mc-Namara PM, Kannel WB. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Offspring Study: role of lipoprotein changes. Am J Cardiol 1980;46:649-54.
9. Wilson PWF, Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Kannel WB. Twelve year incidence of coronary heart disease in middle-aged adults during the era of hypertensive therapy: the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Med 1991;90:11-6.
10. Kannel WB. Contribution of the Framingham Study to preventive cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:206-11.
11. The Lipid Research Clinics Program. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. 1 Reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984;251:251-64.
12. The Expert Panel. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Arch Int Med 1988;34:193-201.
13. The Expert Panel. Expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults: Summary of the second report of the NCEP expert panel (adult treatment panel 2). JAMA 1993;269:3015-23.
14. Hunninghake DB, Stein EA, Dujovne CA, Harris WS, Feldman EB. The efficacy of intensive diet therapy alone or combined with lovastatin in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. N Eng J Med 1993;328:1213-19.
15. Roberts WC. The ineffectiveness of a commonly recommended lipid lowering diet in significantly lowering total and low-density cholesterol levels. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:623-4.
16. Bradford RH, Shear CL, Chremos AM, et al. Expanded clinical evaluation of lovostatin (EXCEL) study results. Efficacy in modifying plasma lipoproteins and adverse events in 8,245 patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:43-9.
17. Herber PR, Gaziano JM, Chan S, Hennekens C. Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs: Risk of stroke and total mortality. An overview of randomized trials. JAMA 1997;278:315-21.
18. The 4-S Group. Randomized trial cholesterol lowering in 4,444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4-S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.
19. Shepherd J, Cobbe SN, Ford I, et al. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Eng J Med 1995;335:1301-7.
20. Sacks FM, Pfeffer M, Moye , et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1966;335:1001-9.
21. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of the AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA 1998;279:1615-22.
22. American College of Cardiology 27th Bethesda Conference. Matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Co-chairs T.S. Pearson, V. Fuster. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:958-1047.
23. Barbour R, Barlow R, Johnson R, Marchment M, Kennedy D. The use of statins: a case of misleading priorities. Statistical guidelines that do not link cost and benefit are worthless. Br Med J 1997;315:826-7.
24. Wilson BWF, D'Agistino RB, Kannel WB. Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factor levels: The Framingham perspective. In: Jacott B, editor. Atherosclerosis XI. Singapore: Elsevier Science 1998:659-63.
25. Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998;97:1837-47.
26. Kannell WB. Clinical misconceptions dispelled by epidemiological research. Circulation 1995;92:3350-60.
27. Forrester JW, Shah PK. Lipid lowering versus revascularization: an idea whose time (for testing) has come. Circulation 1997:1360-62.
28. Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Sundvall J, Puska P. Serum cholesterol distribution and coronary heart disease risk: observations and predictions among middle-aged population in eastern Finland. Circulation 1998;97:1087-94.