The use of isozyme characters in systematic studies

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 117-129

  Buth, Donald G ^a   Murphy, Robert W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Gene expression; Heteropolymer assembly; Isozymes; Number of genes; Post translational modification

Indexed keywords

ALLOENZYME; GENE PRODUCT; ISOENZYME;

ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYME SYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE ACTIVATION; GENE ACTIVITY; GENE CONTROL; GENE DUPLICATION; GENE LOCUS; GENE NUMBER; GENE SILENCING; GENETIC VARIABILITY; MONOCYTE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW;

EID: 0033104129     PISSN: 03051978     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00052-0     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aguirre, L. G., Morafka, D. J., Murphy, R. W., 1998. The peninsula archipelago of Baja California: A thousand kilometers of tree lizard genetics. Herpetologica 54 (in press).
2. Avise, J. C., 1974. Systematic value of electrophoretic data. Syst. Zool. 23, 465-481.
3. Avise, J. C., 1983. Protein variation and phylogenetic reconstruction. In: Oxford, G. S., Rollinson, D., (Eds.), Protein Polymorphism: Adaptive and Taxonomic Significance. Systematics Assoc. Special Publ. No. 24, Academic Press, London, pp. 103-130.
4. Ayala, F. J., 1983. Enzymes as taxonomic characters. In: Oxford, G. S., Rollinson, D., (Eds.) Protein Polymorphism: Adaptive and Taxonomic Significance, Systematics Assoc. Special Publ. No. 24, Academic Press, London, pp. 3-26.
5. Berlocher, S. H., Swofford, D. L., 1997. Searching for phylogenetic trees under the frequency parsimony criterion: An approximation using generalized parsimony. Syst. Biol. 46, 211-214.
6. Bogart, J. P., Lowcock, L. A., Zeyl, C. W., Mable, B. K., 1987. Genome constitution and reproductive biology of hybrid salamanders, genus Ambystoma, on Kellys Island in Lake Erie. Can. J. Zool. 65, 2188-2201.
7. Bush, G. L., Kitto, G. B., 1978. Application of genetics to insect systematics and analysis of species differences. In: Romberger, J. A. (Ed)., Biosystematics in Agriculture, Allanheld, Osmun and Co., Publ. Ind., Montclair, NJ, pp. 89-118.
8. Buth, D. G., 1978. Biochemical Systematics of the Moxostomatini (Cypriniformes, Catostomidae). Unpubl. Doctoral Dissertation, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
9. Buth, D. G., 1979. Duplicate gene expression in tetraploid fishes of the tribe Moxostomatini (Cypriniformes, Catostomidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63B, 7-12.
10. Buth, D. G., 1982. Glucosephosphate isomerase expression in a tetraploid fish, Moxostoma lachneri (Cypriniformes, Catostomidae): Evidence for "retetraploidization"? Genetica 57, 171-175.
11. Buth, D. G., 1984. The application of electrophoretic data in systematic studies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15, 501-522.
12. Buth, D. G., 1990. Genetic principles and the interpretation of electrophoretic data. In: Whitmore, D. H. (Ed.), Electrophoretic and Isoelectric Focusing Techniques in Fisheries Management CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. pp. 2-21.
13. Buth, D. G., Rainboth, W. J., 1998. Gene expression in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi; tissue sources and buffer optima for the gene products of 73 loci. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26 (in press).
14. Buth, D. G., Murphy, R. W., Miyamoto, M. M., Lieb, C. S., 1985. Creatine kinases of amphibians and reptiles: Evolutionary and systematic aspects of gene expression. Copeia 1985, 279-284.
15. Crabtree, C. B., Buth, D. G., 1981. Gene duplication and diploidization in tetraploid catostomid fishes Catostomus fumeiventris and C. santaanae. Copeia 705-708.
16. Crother, B. I., Buth, D. G., Tennant, M. R., 1998. The systematic value of creatine kinase expression in reptiles. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26 (in press).
17. Ferguson, A., 1988. Isozyme studies and their interpretation. In: Hawksworth, D. L., (Ed.), Prospects in Systematics. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, pp. 184-201.
18. Ferris, S. D., 1984. Tetraploidy and the evolution of the catostomid fishes. In: Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes (Turner, B. J., Ed.), pp. 55-93. Plenum Publ. Corp., New York.
19. Ferris, S. D., Whitt, G. S., 1977. Duplicate gene expression in diploid and tetraploid loaches (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) Biochem. Genet. 15, 1097-1112.
20. Ferris, S. D., Whitt, G. S., 1978a. Phylogeny of tetraploid catostomid fishes based on the loss of duplicate gene expression. Syst. Zool. 27, 189-203.
21. Ferris, S. D., Whitt, G. S., 1978b. Genetic and molecular analysis of non-random dimer assembly of the creatine kinase isozymes of fishes. Biochem. Genet. 16, 811-829.
22. Fields, M. A., Gaudreault, P. R., Tyson, H., 1989. Heritable changes in electrophoretic properties of flax peroxidases resulting from variation in N nutrient level. Genetica 78, 81-90.
23. Fisher, S. E., Shaklee, J. B., Ferris, S. D., Whitt, G. S., 1980. Evolution of five multilocus isozyme systems in the chordates. Genetica 52/53, 73-85.
24. Gorman, G. C., 1971. Evolutionary genetics of island lizard populations. Yearbook Am. Philos. Soc. 1971, 318-319.
25. Gottlieb, L. D., 1977. Electrophoretic evidence and plant systematics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 64, 161-180.
26. Gottlieb, L. D., 1982. Conservation and duplication of isozymes in plants. Science 216, 373-379.
27. Gottlib, L. D., Weeden, N. F., 1979. Gene duplication and phylogeny in Clarkia. Evolution 33, 1024-1039.
28. Harris, H., Hopkinson, D. A., 1976 et seq., A Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
29. Highton, R., Larson, A., 1979. The genetic relationships of the salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Syst. Zool. 28, 579-599.
30. Hillis, D. M., 1987. Molecular versus morphological approaches to systematics. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18, 23-42.
31. Hillis, D. M., Patton, J. C., 1982. Morphological and electrophoretic evidence for two species of Corbicula (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in North America. Am. Midl. Nat. 108, 74-80.
32. Kettler, M. K., Ghent, A. W., Whitt, G. S., 1986. A comparison of phylogenies based on structural and tissue-expressional differences of enzymes in a family of teleost fishes (Salmoniformes: Umbridae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 3, 485-498.
33. Kluge, A. G., 1989. A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes). Syst. Zool. 38, 7-25.
34. Kuhl, P., Schmidtke, J., Weiler., C, Engel, W., 1976. Phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes in the characid fish Cheirodon axelrodi: Evidence for a spontaneous gene duplication. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55B, 279-281.
35. Lawson, R., Dessauer, H. C., 1979. Biochemical genetics and systematics of garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans-couchi-ordinoides complex. Occas. Pap. No. 56, Mus. Zool. La. St. Univ.
36. Lieb, C. S., Sites, J. W., Jr., Archie, J. W., 1998. The use of isozyme characters insystematic studies of turtles: Preliminary data for Australian chelids. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26 (in review).
37. Mabee, P. M., Humphries, J., 1993. Coding polymorphic data: Examples from allozymes and ontogeny. Syst. Biol. 42, 166-181.
38. Markert, C. L., 1977. Isozymes: The development of a concept and its application. In: Rattazzi, M. C., Scandalios, J. G., Whitt, G. S. (Eds.), Isozymes: Current Topics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Vol. 1, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 1-17.
39. Markert, C. L., 1983. Isozymes: Conceptual history and biological significance. In: Rattazzi, M. C., Scandalios, J. G., and Whitt, G. S. (Eds.), Isozymes: Current Topics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Vol. 7, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 1-17.
40. Markert, C. L., Moller, F., 1959. Multiple forms of enzymes: Tissue, ontogenetic, and species specific patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 45, 753-763.
41. Markert, C. L., Shaklee, J. B., Whitt, G. S., 1975. Evolution of a gene. Science 189, 102-114.
42. Matson, R. H., 1998. Limitations to the use of tissue-specific gene expression characters in the phylogenetic analyses of non-avian reptiles. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26 (in press).
43. Mayr, E., 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw-Hill, New York.
44. McGovern, M., Tracy, C. R., 1981. Phenotypic variation in electromorphs previously considered to be genetic markers in Microtus ochrogaster. Oecologia 51, 276-280.
45. Mendoza-Quijano, F., Flores-Villela, O., Sites, J. W. Jr., 1998. Genetic variation, species status, and phylogenetic relationships in rose-bellied lizards (Variabilis group) of the genus Sceloporus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Copeia 1998, 354-366.
46. Mickevich, M. F., Johnson, M. S., 1976. Congruence between morphological and allozyme data in evolutionary inference and character evolution. Syst. Zool. 25, 260-270.
47. Mickevich, M. F., Mitter, C., 1981. Treating polymorphic characters in systematics: A phylogenetic treatment of electrophoretic data. In: Funk, V. A., Brooks, D. R. (Eds.), Advances in Cladistics, Vol. 1, Proc. 1st Meeting Willi Hennig Soc. New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp. 45-58.
48. Mink, D. G., Sites, J. W., Jr., 1996. Species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and origins of viviparity in the scalaris complex of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae: Sauria). Herpetologica 52, 551-571.
49. Murphy, R. W., 1984. Phylogenetic inferences of lactate dehydrogenase heterotetramer patterns in skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae). Isozyme Bull. 17, 63.
50. Murphy, R. W., 1988. The problematic phylogenetic analysis of interlocus heteropolymer isozyme characters: A case study from sea snakes and cobras. Can. J. Zool. 66, 2628-2633.
51. Murphy, R. W., 1993. The phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data: Invalidity of coding alleles by-presence/absence and recommended procedures. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21, 25-38.
52. Murphy, R. W., 1998. Evolution of L-lactate dehydrogenase gene expression in non-avian reptiles. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 26 (in press).
53. Murphy, R. W., Crabtree, C. B., 1985. Evolutionary aspects of isozyme patterns, number of loci, and tissue-specific gene expression in the prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis. Herpetologica 41, 451-470.
54. Murphy, R. W., Doyle, K. D., 1998. Phylophenetics: Frequencies and polymorphic characters in genealogical estimation. Syst. Biol. 47 (in press).
55. Murphy, R. W., Lovejoy, N. R., 1998. Punctuated equilibrium or gradualism in the genus Sceloporus? Lost in plesiograms and a forest of trees. Cladistics 14, 95-103.
56. Murphy. R. W., Ottley, J. R., 1980. A genetic evaluation of the leafnose snake, Phyllorhynchus arenicolus. J. Herpetol. 14, 263-268.
57. Murphy, R. W., Sites, J. W., Jr., Buth, D. G., Haufler, C. H., 1990. Proteins I: Isozyme electrophoresis. In: Hillis, D. M., Moritz, C., (Eds.), Molecular Systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp. 45-126.
58. Murphy, R. W., Sites, J. W., Jr., Buth, D. G., Haufler, C. H., 1996. Proteins: Isozyme electrophoresis. In: Hillis, D. M., Moritz, C., Mable, B. K. (Eds.) Molecular Systematics, 2nd Ed., Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp. 51-120.
59. Ohno, S., 1970. Evolution by Gene Duplication. Springer, New York.
60. Philipp, D. P., Parker, H. R., Whitt, G. S., 1983. Evolution of gene regulation: Isozymic analysis of patterns of gene expression during hybrid fish development. In: Rattazzi, M. C., Scandalios, J. G., Whitt, G. S., (Eds.), Isozymes: Current Topics in Biological and Medical Research, Vol. 10, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 193-237.
61. Pierce, V. A., Crawford, D. L., 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of glycolytic enzyme expression. Science 276, 256-259.
62. Prakash, S., Lewontin, R. C., Hubby, J. L., 1969. A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. IV. Patterns of genic variation in central, marginal and isolated populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 61, 841-858.
63. Rainboth, W. J., Buth, D. G., Joswiak, G. R., 1986. Electrophoretic and karyological characters of the gyrinochrilid fish, Gyrinocheilus aymonieri. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 14, 531-537.
64. Richardson, B. J., Baverstock, P. R., Adams, M., 1986) Allozyme Electrophoresis: A Handbook for Animal Systematics and Population Structure. Academic Press, Sydney.
65. Singh, R. S., Lewontin, R. C., Felton, A. A., 1976. Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 84, 609-629.
66. Sites, J. W., Jr., Murphy, R. W., 1991. Isozyme evidence for independently derived, duplicate G3PDH loci among squamate reptiles. Can. J. Zool. 69, 2381-2396.
67. Sites, J. W., Jr., Bezy, R. L., Thompson, P., 1986. Nonrandom expression of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in the lizard family Xantusiidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 14, 539-545.
68. Sites, J. W., Jr., Bickham, J. W., Pytel, B. A., Greenbaum, I. F., Bates, B. A., 1984. Biochemical characters and the reconstruction of turtle phylogenies: Relationships among batagurine genera. Syst. Zool. 33, 137-158.
69. Swofford, D. L., Berlocher, S. H., 1987. Inferring evolutionary trees from gene frequency data under the principle of maximum parsimony. Syst. Zool. 36, 293-325.
70. Thorpe, P. A., Dickinson, W. J., 1988. The use of regulatory patterns in constructing phylogenies. Syst. Zool. 37, 97-105.
71. van Tets, P., Cowan, I. M., 1966. Some sources of variation in the blood sera of deer (Odocoileus) as revealed by starch gel electrophoresis. Can J. Zool. 44, 631-647.
72. nd Int. Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, Hunt Inst. Bot. Documentation, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, pp. 271-289.
73. Whitt, G. S., 1981b. Developmental genetics of fishes: Isozymic analyses of differential gene expression. Am. Zool. 21, 549-572.
74. Whitt, G. S., 1983. Isozymes as probes and participants in developmental and evolutionary genetics. In: Rattazzi, M. C., Scandalios, J. G., Whitt, G. S., (Eds.), Isozymes: Current Topics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Vol. 10, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 1-40.
75. Whitt, G. S., 1987. Species differences in isozyme tissue patterns: Their utility for systematic and evolutionary analyses. In: Rattazzi, M. C., Scandalios, J. G., Whitt, G. S., (Eds.), Isozymes: Current Topics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Vol. 15, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 1-26.
76. Wiens, J. J., 1993. Phylogenetic systematics of the tree lizards (genus Urosaurus). Herpetologica 49, 399-420.
77. Wiley, E. O., 1981. Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. Wiley, New York.