Diffusion through agar blocks of finite dimensions: A theoretical analysis of three systems of practical significance in microbiology

Microbiology

Volumn 145, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 643-654

  Koch, Arthur L ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotic disks; Chemotaxis; Gradient plates; Kinetics of flow; Modelling

Indexed keywords

AGAR;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; CHEMOTAXIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; MYXOCOCCALES; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); MYXOCOCCALES; MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS;

EID: 0033059491     PISSN: 13500872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/13500872-145-3-643     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Berg, H. (1993). Random Walks in Biology, 2nd edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2. Bonner, J. T., Kelso, A. P. & Gillmore, R. G. (1966). A new approach to the problem of aggregation in the cellular slime moulds. Biol Bull 130, 28-42.
3. Carlile, M. J. (1970). Nutrition and chemotaxis in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum: the effect of carbohydrates on the plasmodium. J Gen Microbiol 63, 221-226.
4. Carslaw, H. S. & Jaeger, J. C. (1959). Conduction of Heat in Solids, 2nd edn. London: Oxford University Press.
5. Crank, J. (1975). The Mathematics of Diffusion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
6. Cooper, K. E. (1962). The theory of antibiotic inhibition zones. In Analytical Microbiology, pp. 1-86. Edited by F. Kavanagh. New York: Academic Press.
7. Cooper, K. E. (1972). The theory of antibiotic inhibition zones. In Analytical Microbiology, vol. 2, pp. 13-30. Edited by F. Kavanagh. New York: Academic Press.
8. Dworkin, M. & Eide, D. (1983). Myxococcus xanthus does not respond chemotactically to moderate concentration gradients. J Bacteriol 154, 437-442.
9. Fisher, P. R., Markl, R. & Gerisch, G. (1989). Quantitative analysis of cell motility and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum by using an image processing system and a novel chemotaxis chamber providing stable chemical gradients. J Cell Biol 108, 973-984.
10. Fluegel, W. (1963). Fruiting chemotaxis in Myxococcus xanthus. Proc Minn Acad Sci 32, 120-123.
11. Hewitt, W. (1977). Microbiological Assay: an Introduction to Quantitative Principles. New York: Academic Press.
12. Hewitt, W. & Vincent, S. (1989). Theory and Application of Microbiological Assay. New York: Academic Press.
13. Ho, J. & McCurdy, H. D. (1979). Demonstration of positive chemotaxis by cyclic GMP and 5′-AMP in Myxococcus xanthus by means of a simple apparatus for generating practically stable concentration gradients. Can J Microbiol 25, 1214-1218.
14. Jennings, J. (1961). Association of a steroid and a pigment with a diffusible fruiting factor in Myxococcus virescens. Nature 190, 190.
15. Knowles, D. & Madelin, M. F. (1975). Chemotactic and other responses of the plasmodia of Badhamia utricularis to an extract of Stereum hirsutum and to certain other substances. J Gen Microbiol 89, 235-244.
16. Koch, A. L. (1959). The dynamics of coliphage plaque formation. I. Macroplaque experiments. Virology 8, 273-292.
17. Koch, A. L. (1990). Diffusion: the crucial process in many stages of the biology of bacteria. Adv Microb Ecol 11, 37-70.
18. Koch, A. L. (1995). Bacterial Growth and Form. New York: Chapman & Hall.
19. Koch, A. L. (1996). What size should a bacterium be? A question of scale. Annu Rev Microbiol 50, 317-318.
20. Konijn, T. M. (1970). Microbiological assay of cyclic 3′,5′-AMP. Experientia 26, 367-369.
21. Lauffenburger, D. A. & Zigmond, S. H. (1981). Chemotactic factor concentration gradients in chemotaxis assay systems. J Immunol Methods 40, 45-60.
22. Lev, M. (1954). Demonstration of a diffusible fruiting factor in myxobacteria. Nature 173, 501.
23. Mahon, C. R. & Manuselis, G., Jr (1995). Diagnostic Microbiology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
24. McVittie, A. & Zahler, S. A. (1962). Chemotaxis in Myxococcus. Nature 194, 129-130.
25. Murray, P. R., Baron, E. J., Pfaller, M. A., Tenover, F. C. & Yolken, R. H. (1995). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th edn, pp. 1337-1340. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
26. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1993). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved Standard M2A5. Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
27. Nelson, R. D., Quie, P. G. & Simmons, R. L. (1975). Chemotaxis under agarose, a new simple method for measuring chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes. J Immunol 115, 1650-1656.
28. Shi, W. & Zusman, D. R. (1993). The two motility systems of Myxococcus xanthus show different selective advantages on various surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 3378-3382.
29. Shi, W. & Zusman, D. R. (1994). Sensory adaptation during negative chemotaxis in Myxococcus xanthus. J Bacteriol 175, 1517-1520.
30. Shi, W., Köhler, T. & Zusman, D. R. (1993). Chemotaxis plays a role in the social behaviour of Myxococcus xanthus. Mol Microbiol 9, 601-611.
31. Shi, W., Köhler, T. & Zusman, D. R. (1994). Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Myxococcus xanthus mutants which are defective in sensing negative stimuli. J Bacteriol 176, 696-701.
32. Shimkets, L. J., Dworkin, M. & Keller, K. H. (1979). A method for establishing stable concentration gradients in agar suitable for studying chemotaxis on a solid surface. Can J Microbiol 25, 1460-1467.
33. Thomas, L. V. & Wimpenny, J. W. T. (1996). Investigation of the effect of combined variations in temperature, pH and NaCl concentration on nisin inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 62, 2006-2012.
34. Tieman, S., Koch, A. L. & White, D. (1996). Gliding motility in slide cultures of Myxococcus xanthus in stable and steep chemical gradients. J Bacteriol 178, 3480-3485.
35. Zigmond, S. H. (1977). Ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factors. J Cell Biol 75, 606-616.